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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Suppression of H. pylori-suppresses growth. Adverse effects: N, diarrhea.
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clarithromycin
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Suppression of H. pylori-disrupts cell wall. Adverse effect: diarrhea.
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amoxicillin
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Suppression of H. pylori-inhibits protein synthesis. ~1% of strains are resistant. Adverse effects: stains teeth.
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tetracycline
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Suppression of H. pylori-disrupts DNA/protein synthesis. 40%of strains are resistant. Adverse effects: HA; disulfiram(antabuse)-like reaction.
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Flagyl
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Histamine2-receptor antagonists-Action: suppresses secretion of gastric acid by blocking H2 receptors.
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Tagamet
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Histamine2-receptor antagonists-similar to cimetidine, but: more potent; fewer adverse effects; fewer drug:drug interactions.
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Zantac
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Proton pump inhibitors-inhibits H+, K+ ATP’ase (enzyme that generates gastric acid).suppresses acid secretion (by 97% in 2º), persisting over 2 days.
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Prilosec
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Proton pump inhibitors-all end with ???
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prazole
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Other anti-ulcer drugs-produces a gel that sticks to ulcer, forms protective barrier against acid & pepsin.
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Carafate
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Other anti-ulcer drugs-replaces endogenous prostaglandins, prevention of gastric ulcers caused by long-term NSAID therapy; induce labor
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Cytotec
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Antacids–avoid in pts. with undiagnosed abdominal pain (R/T bowel stimulation) or D.
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milk of magnesia
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Antacids–long duration; usually in a preparation (Maalox) with magnesium hydroxide. Constipation.
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Amphogel
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Antacids–long duration, ae: flatulence, acid rebound, constipation
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Calcium Carbonate
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Antacids–short duration, ae: flatulence, Na exacerbate HTN & HF
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Sodium Bicarbonate
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Bulk-forming laxatives-mimic dietary fiber (absorbs H2O, softening feces & increasing mass; digested by colonic bacteria, increasing mass). promote ease of BM, softer stool; produces soft stool in 1-3 days
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FibCon
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other common bulk-forming laxatives
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psyllium (Metamucil
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Surfactant laxatives-Surfactant (lowers surface tension), allowing H2O to enter feces; inhibit H2O absorption in GI wall & stimulate secretion of H2O into intestine.
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Colace, Surfak
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Stimulant laxatives-stimulate intestinal motility, increase amt H2O in intestine. constipation caused by opioids or slow intestinal transit
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Dulcolax
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Stimulant laxatives- plant extract (anthraquinones) – similar to bisacodyl; may color urine.
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Senokot
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Stimulant laxatives-only stimulant to act on small intestine, acting quickly (2-6º) to produce watery stool.
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castor oil
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Osmotic laxatives-(SALTS)osmosis draws H2O into intestine, causing feces to soften & swell. Swelling stretches intestinal wall, stimulating peristalsis. Low doses produce soft or semifluid stool in 6-12º. Higher doses cause fluid evacuation of bowel in 2-6º (diagnostic test & surgical prep).
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magnesium citrate,
Mg(OH2); milk of magnesia |
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Osmotic laxatives-similar to salts; nonabsorbable compound that retains H2O in the intestine. smokey taste
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MiraLax
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Miscellaneous laxatives-produces osmosis by acid formation (lactic, formic, acetic); 1-3 days to work. Used to enhance intestinal excretion of NH3 = ammonia (portal HTN, hepatic encephalopathy). used with high blood ammonia from liver diease.
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Lactulose
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Miscellaneous laxatives-Bowel Cleansing Products for colonoscopy or pre-op.
polyethylene glycol with KCl, NaCl, NaSO4, NaCO3. “Isosmotic” (water is not lost & electrolyte balance is preserved). Surgical prep. 4 liters. 250-300 ml q10’ x 2-3º. |
GoLytely
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Antiemetics Serotonin Antagonist-serotonin receptor antagonist in chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ).suppression of N/V.
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Zofran
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Antiemetics Steroids-unknown action, suppression of emesis from CA chemotherapy.
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Glucocorticoids:
Solu-Medrol, Decadron |
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Antiemetics Dopamine Antagonist-blocks dopamine receptors in CTZ, emesis associated with surgery; CA chemotherapy; toxins
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Compazine, Phenergan
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Antiemetics Butyrophenones-blocks dopamine receptors in CTZ, post-op N/V; CA chemotherapy; radiation therapy; toxins.
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Haldol
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antiemetics-extract from marijuana-N/V from CA chemotherapy; dronabinol also for appetite stimulation – AIDS pts.
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Marinol
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antidiarrheal drugs - opioids, decrease intestinal motility; allows ^ time for H20 absorption.
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Lomotil, Imodium
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Prokinetic Drugs (Increase tone & motility)-suppresses emesis by blocking dopamine & serotonin receptors in trigger zone & increases upper GI motility
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Reglan
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