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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Guinea Pig Background |
Precise Nutrient requirments no available, main souce is from NRC (1978) 1) AKA cavies, from Andes Mountain in Perun and other SA countries 2) developed as a meat source 3) born physiologically mature 4) live 5-7 years 5) very nervous creatures and must have the company of other guinea pigs 6) have continuously growing teeth 7) obesity is a common problem |
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Guinea Pig Energy requirements: Maintenance: Growth & Gestation: Lactation: |
Maintenance: 110 kcal per kg W[75]/day Growth: 145 kcal per kg W[75]/day Gestation: 165 kcal per kg W[75]/day |
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Protein (Guinea Pig) |
Growth: 18 to 20% CP Maintenance: lower levels around 12% CP gestation: not recommended to increase protein |
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Fats and Fatty acids (Guinea Pig) |
can tolerate fat levels much higher than 3 to 5% typically included in diets > 7 to 15% fat improved growth rate after which it declined > needs 0.3% linoleic acid > inclusion of 1% corn oil contributes about 0.5% linoleinc acid |
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Minerals (Guinea Pig) |
same as rats and mice |
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Vitamins (Guinea Pig) |
1) can utilize some Beta carotene from grass and alfalfa but still need Vitamin A supplements 2) unsusally low requirement for vitamin D but a requirement for Vitamin C 3) many B vitamin are supplied by coprophagy |
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Special dietary need? (Guinea Pig) |
Are monogastrics but still considered a hindgut digester due to enlarged cecum 1) herbivores; CF must be >10% of diet 2) practice copraphagy for B vitamins and to increase efficiency of protein utilzation 3) unable to synthesize vitamin C [supp. fruits, leafy veggies] 4) offered twigs from willow or fruit trees (provides minerals and controls teeth) |
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Nutritional Disorders? (Guinea Pig) |
Scurvy Cecal impaction Inappetance Soft tissue calcification Alopecia |
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Scurvy |
severe weakness of hind limbs, hemorrhages in muscle and joints, poor bone growth, anorexia and death; vitamin C deficiency (Guinea Pig) |
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Cecal Impaction |
due to inadequate intake of fiber or a hairball from fur chewing (Guinea Pig) |
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Inappetance |
sudden diet changes or stress stops guinea pig from eating (Guinea Pig) |
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Soft Tissue calcification |
imbalance of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium resulting in poor growth, muscular stiffness, done defect and calcification of soft tissues (Guinea Pig) |
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Alopecia |
inadequate fiber, causes fur chewing which leads to impaction and inappetance; corrected by providing high quality hay (Guinea Pig) |
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Whats up with the Rabbit's digestive tract? |
Characterized by large cecum and colon compaired to other species. Has a microbial population in cecum and practice copraphagy to meet theri nutrient needs via a unique mechanism of partical separation in the ileo-cecal junctions. |
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What special means do Rabbits practice copraphagy? |
Cecotrophy, is where fluids and small particles are passed the cecum for fermentation while the fibrous components are excreted as hard pellets. Seperatly, soft green fecal pellets are cecotropes are ingested directly from anus. These provide 20% CP, large quantities of synthesized B vitamins and 10% of all energy needed by rabbit. |
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Rabbits Background |
1) decended from wild rabbits of western Europe and northwestern Africa 2) make excellet pets, can be trained 3) live 8 to 12 years 4) gendered terms; doe and buck like deer 5) Shed a lot 6) cannot vomit and known to suffer from heart worm 7)sensitive to temperatures above 85 and easily suffer heat stroke |
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Nutrient Requirements for Rabbits Maintenance: Growth: Gestation: Lactation: |
Maintenance: 110 kcal per kg W[75]/day Growth: 190-210 kcal per kg W[75]/day Gestation: >135 kcal per kg W[75]/day (onset, maintenance plus one third) >200 kcal per kg W[75]/day (2x maintenance at end of gestation) Lactation: 300 kcal per kg W[75]/day |
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Protein (Rabbits) |
15 to 18% CP during lactation and growth 12 to 13% CP when rapid growth isn't occurring, reducing likelihood of nephritis and tumors |
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Fats and Fatty acids (Rabbits) |
2% fat is adequate for requirments Rabbits eaily become overweight and fats should be limited to 2 to 5% |
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Minerals (Rabbits) |
lack of data; so similar levels are used throughout a rabbit's life as recomended in NRC (1977) |
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Vitamins |
> rabbits achieve adequate B vitamins from coprophagy > diets must be fortified with Vitamins A E and K > Despite copraphagy, diet are fortified with B vitamins |
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Special Needs (Rabbits)? |
best to use a complete commercial diet of 12% CP and 14% CF, otherwise low levels could lead to diarrhea > No less than 14% CF, alfalfa or pellets could provide sufficient fiber > rabbits are sensitive to muscular dystrophy induced by vitamin E deficiency [v.E can drop 15-20% when sitting in the bag, so supp. is increased] > Beta carotene is important for reproduction independent of its role as a v.A precursor > excrete large amounts of calcium in urine > consume most of their food at night and only nurse their young once in the morning |
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Nutritional Disorders (Rabbits)? |
Obesity Diarrhea/Enteritis Urolithiasis Colon impaction inappetance alopecia |
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Diarrhea/Enteritis |
the GI tract of rabbits is susceptible to digestive disturbance; common disturbances are: low fiver, sudden diet changes, and contamination (pathogenic bacteria and mold) |
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Urolithiasis |
high levels of dietary calcium and lacking a mechanism to control calcium uptake leads to urinary tones |
