Guide - Veterinary Care

Front 1

Primary focus of the veterinarian

Back 1

oversee the well-being and clinical care of animals used in research, testing, teaching, and production

Front 2

Well-being is deterimed by

Back 2

considering physical, physiologic, and behavioral indicators

Front 3

Regardless of the number of animals or species maintained a veterinary program that offers ____ MUST be provided

Back 3

High quality of care and ethical standards

Front 4

vet care program needs effective management of (8)

Back 4

1. procurement and transportation 2. preventive medicine 3. clinical disease, disability, or related health issues 4. protocol-associated disease, disability, or other sequelae 5. Sx and post-op care 6. pain and distress 7. anesthesia and analgesia 8. euthanasia

Front 5

Who is responsible for the veterinary care program

Back 5

The AV

Front 6

If someone other than the vet does some aspects of the vet care program what should be in place

Back 6

a mechanism for direct and frequent communication to convey timely and accurate information

Front 7

All animals MUST be acquired ___________

Back 7

lawfully

Front 8

before the animal comes, who is responsible for ensure that there is sufficient facilities and expertise to house the species

Back 8

the PI

Front 9

Random source dogs and cats should be inspected for

Back 9

tattoos or microchips that may indicate they were a pet; if found ownership should be verified

Front 10

Consider the population status of a species by checking what?

Back 10

the threatened or endangered status updated annually by te Fish and Wildlife Service

Front 11

Prefered method of procurement

Back 11

Vendors of purpous-bred animals (USDA Class A dealers), provide genetic and pathogen status of colinies and clinical history

Front 12

Who regulates interstate and export/import transportaion of regulated species

Back 12

AWR, USDA

Front 13

Who regulates Air transportation

Back 13

the International Air Transport Association (IATA) updates the Live Animal Regulations annually

Front 14

Regulates animals that may speard communicable or zoonotic diseases

Back 14

CDC and USDA

Front 15

regulates the import/export of wild vertebrate and invertebrate animals and their tissues

Back 15

US Fish and Wildlife Service

Front 16

Regulates movement of CITES-listed species that are captive bred (including NHP)

Back 16

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the US Fish and Wildlife Service

Front 17

NRC publication that provides a comprehensive review of animal transportation

Back 17

Guidelines for the Humane Transportation of Research Animals

Front 18

The process of transporation should provide:

Back 18

Biosecruity, minimize zoonotic risk, protect against enviro. Extremes, avoid overcrowding, provide for physical/physiologic/behavioral needs and comfort, protect from trauma

Front 19

documentation needs to accompany animals in transit to prevent delays. Paperwork includes:

Back 19

health certificates, addresses and contacts, emergency procedures, veterinary contact, agency permits prn

Front 20

special biosecurity considerations for immunocompromised, genetically modified, and SPF rodents

Back 20

ensured by: reinforced disposable shipping containers with filter-protected ventlation and internal food/water sources

Front 21

How to decrease risk of in-transit microbial contamination of shipping contanier

Back 21

decon the surface before placement in clean sites of animal facilites

Front 22

Why is transportaiton in private vehicles discouraged

Back 22

biosecurity, safety, health, and liability risk

Front 23

transport consideration for reptiles, amphibians, and fish

Back 23

sufficent water/moisture, and temps (for poikilotherms)

Front 24

Animal biosecurity

Back 24

includes all measure to control known or unknown infections in laboratory animals

Front 25

procedures to consider for biosecurity

Back 25

health status on entry; prevent fomites; reduce cross contamination; ongoing system of evaluation (including animal access); containment and eradication

Front 26

def: Quarantine

Back 26

separation of newly received animals from those already in the facility (prevent spread until health status of new animal is known)

Front 27

Quarantine should be geared to protect these 2 things

Back 27

introduction of disease to established colonies and zoonotic risk to staff

Front 28

If quarantining animals how should animals be seprated

Back 28

by shipment (physical and handled seprately)

Front 29

What is acclimation

Back 29

a period for physiologic, behavioral, and nutritional acclimation; should be provided for all new animals

Front 30

Time of acclimation

Back 30

depends on the type and duration of animal transport; species; inteneded use

Front 31

The need for acclimation has been demonstrated in what species

Back 31

mice, rats, GP, NHP, goats

Front 32

why is physical sepration of animals by species recommended?

Back 32

prevent interspecies disease transmition and anxiety/physiologic and behavioral changes due to interspecies conflict

Front 33

What types of housing may make it possible to house seprate species in the same room

Back 33

cubicles, laminar flow units, filtered or individual IVC, isolators, compatible and microbial status, aquatic (use seprate equipment)

Front 34

Helicobacter bilis can infect both…

Back 34

mice and rats and cause clinical disease

Front 35

Simian hemorrhagic fever and SIV cause only subclinical disease in _______ but induce clinical disease in ______ species of NHP

Back 35

African species; Asian

Front 36

What species of NHP should be housed in seprate rooms

Back 36

NW, OW African, and OW Asian

Front 37

______ and ______ can be latently infected with herpesviruses which could be transmitted and cause fatal disease in ________

Back 37

squirrel monkeys and tamarins; owl monkeys

Front 38

Herpesvirus in squirrel monkey that can infect owl monkeys

Back 38

Herpesvirus saimiri

Front 39

Herpesvirus in tamrins that can infect owl monkeys

Back 39

Herpesvirus tamarinus

Front 40

animals should be observed for signs of illness, injury, or abnormal behavior at least ____

Back 40

daily

Front 41

If an entire room may be exposed to an infectious agent (ex: TB) then the room should be _______

Back 41

kept intact during the process of diagnosis, treatment, and control

Front 42

Three examples of routine "heard health"

Back 42

heard/flock health programs, colony health monitoring for aquatic and rodent species

Front 43

The treatment should be in consult with the PI and when initiated the plan should cover 2 things

Back 43

1. be therapeutically sound and 2. interfere minimally with the research project

Front 44

Things to consider with an outbreak in rodents

Back 44

scientific objectives; consequences of infection; potential for zoonotic disease; effect on other animals/protocols

Front 45

What biological products can be a source of both murine and human disease

Back 45

transplantable tumors, hybridomas, cell lines, blood products

Front 46

there should be a timely and accurate method for communicaiton of any abnormalities in or concners about animal health to the ____

Back 46

vet or vet designee. This is the responsibilty of everyone involved in animal care and use

Front 47

what happens once a animal health report is made?

Back 47

Triaged and vet or designee performs an objective assessment to determine the course of action

Front 48

What can be developed for recurrent health conditions to expedite treatment

Back 48

SOPs

Front 49

Recurrent or significant problems involving experiemntal animal health should be

Back 49

communicated to the IACUC and treatments/outcomes should be documented

Front 50

in an emergency of a pressing health problem if the PI cannot be reached or the vet and PI cannot come to a consensus then the vet MUST have

Back 50

authority (delegated by senior administration and IACUC) to treat the animal, remove it form the exp., take measures to relieve severe pain or distress, or perform euth. If necessary

Front 51

When writing a medical record, everyone MUST comply with fedreal laws and regulations regarding

Back 51

human and veterinary durgs and treatments

Front 52

Drug records and storage procedures should be reviewed during

Back 52

facility inspections

Front 53

why would a team approach to a surgical proceudre increase the success?

Back 53

you get input from persons with different expertise

Front 54

surgical outcomes should be continually and thoroughly assessed to ensure

Back 54

appropriate procedures are followed and timely correcive changes are instituted

Front 55

Modifications to standard surgical techniques may be required (field or aquatic) bt should

Back 55

not compromise the well-being of the animal; and close assesment of outcomes have to include more critiera than just morbidity and mortalitiy through communication of staff, PI, vet, and IACUC

Front 56

Researchers conducting surgical procedures MUST have

Back 56

appropriate trining to enusre good surgical technique is practiced (asepsis, gentle tissue handling, minimal dissection, appropriate use of instruments, hemostasis, and correct suture materials and patterns)

Front 57

Who is responsible for determining that personnel performing surgical procedures are appropriately qualified and trained

Back 57

IACUC with the AV

Front 58

routine use of antibiotics during surgery should never

Back 58

be considered a replacement for proper aseptic surgical techniques

Front 59

Presurgical planning should include

Back 59

1. Input from the entire team 2. consider location 3. cover personnel and their roles/training 4. equipment and supplies 5. post-op monitoring, care and recordkeeping (and who will do it)

Front 60

Who is responsible for ensuring that postsurgical care is appropriate

Back 60

PI and vet

Front 61

who should be involved in anesthesia and analgesia selection

Back 61

the vet

Front 62

aseptic surgeries should be conducted where?

Back 62

In dedicated facilities or spaces (unless there is aprotocol exception)

Front 63

Where do most bacteria enter an incision during surgery

Back 63

carried on airborne particles or fomites

Front 64

The dedicated OR should be

Back 64

clean and minimize traffic

Front 65

field surgery for ag animals

Back 65

minor and emergency procedures ok (otherwise take inside); still need appropriate aseptic technique, sedatives/analgesics/anesthesia, and conditions for health and well-being

Front 66

def: Major survival surgery

Back 66

penetrates and exposes a body cavity, produces substantial impairment of physical or physiologic function or involves extensive tissue dissection or transection (laparotomy, thoracotomy, joint replacement, limb amputation)

Front 67

def: minor survival surgery

Back 67

does not expose a body cavity and causes little or no physical impairment (wound suturing, vessel cannulaiton, cutaneous biopsy, ag. Castration, or outpatient procedures)

Front 68

what should be considered when categorizing a surgical procedure

Back 68

potential for pain and complications; nature of the procedure including size and location of incisions; duration; species, health status, and age of the animal

Front 69

examples of minor laparoscopic procedures

Back 69

avian sexing and oocyte collecton

Front 70

examples of major laparoscopic procedures

Back 70

hepatic lobectomy and cholecystectomy

Front 71

T/F there may be instances where a craniotomy or neuroectomy could be minor

Back 71

TRUE

Front 72

laparoscopic procdures should be classifed as major or minor based on

Back 72

case-by-case by vet and IACUC

Front 73

Minimum for non-survival surgeries

Back 73

site should be clipped, surgeon should wear gloves, instruments and surrounding are should be clean; If long aseptic technique may be necessary

Front 74

Why is aseptic technique used?

Back 74

to reduce microbial contamination to the lowest possible practical level

Front 75

What are the major components of aseptic technique?

Back 75

1. surgical site prep (clip/scrub) 2. surgeon prep (attire, face mask, sterile gloves) 3. Sterilization of insturments, supplies and implated materials 4. sx techniques to reduce infection

Front 76

General principles of aseptic technique shoud be followed for ____ suvival surgical procedures

Back 76

all

Front 77

common method to sterilize instruments and equipment

Back 77

autoclaving and plasma and gas sterilization

Front 78

sterilization method common for rodent surgery

Back 78

liquid chemical sterilants and dry heat sterilization

Front 79

Liquid chemical sterilants

Back 79

need appropriate contact times and rinse before use

Front 80

Alcohol is neither a ______ nor a _______ disinfectant, but may be acceptable if prolonged contact times are used

Back 80

sterilant; high-level

Front 81

Intra-op monitoring

Back 81

routine evaluation of depth and physiologic functions with appropriate documentation

Front 82

why is hypothermia more common in small animals

Back 82

high ratio of surface area to body weight

Front 83

care should be taken to prevent what in aquatic species during surgery

Back 83

keep skin surface moist and minimize drying times during surgical procedures

Front 84

what type of enviro. Should animals be in during the post-op period

Back 84

clean, dry and comfortable where they can be observed frequently

Front 85

what areas should be closely monitored during the post-op period

Back 85

temp, CV and resp function, electrolyte and fluid balance, and management of post-op pain or discomfort; medical records should be maintained

Front 86

After recovery monitoring

Back 86

eating/voiding, pain, surgical site, bandage, and removal of sutures/clips/staples

Front 87

def: pain

Back 87

complex experience that typically results from stimuli that damage or have the potential to damage tissue; lead to withdrawal and evasion

Front 88

def: allodynia

Back 88

unrelieved pain that leads to "wind-up" where you get a painful response to non-painful stimuli

Front 89

what is fundamental to the relief of pain

Back 89

ability to recognize its clinical signs in specific species

Front 90

procedures that cause pain in humans

Back 90

may also cause pain in other animals

Front 91

def: distress

Back 91

aversive state in which an animal fails to cope or adjust to varius stressors with which it is presented

Front 92

what two factors should you consider when treating distress

Back 92

duration and intensity

Front 93

Two methods to minimize distress in research ,T and T animals

Back 93

clear, appropriate, and humane endpoints; and close observation during invasive procedures

Front 94

preemptive analgesia

Back 94

enhances intra-op patient stability and optimizes post-op care and well-being by reducing pain

Front 95

what are two options mentioned to releive chronic pain

Back 95

transdermal patches or analgesic-containing osmotic minipumps

Front 96

nonpharmacologic control of pain

Back 96

nursing support, decrease external stimuli, wound/bandage care, temp, resting surface, rehydration, highly palatable foods/treats

Front 97

def: antinoceception

Back 97

lack of response to noxious stimuli; occurs at a surgical plane of anesthesia

Front 98

anesthesia and analgesic agents MUST be used before

Back 98

they are expired

Front 99

Neuromuscular blocking agents (pancuronium)

Back 99

paralyze muscle and eliminates many signs and reflexes used to assess anesthetic depth (autonomic nervous sytem changes like HR and BP)

Front 100

use of a neuromuscular blocking agent should be reviewed by

Back 100

the vet and IACUC

Front 101

If a paralyzing agent is used how much anesthetic should be given

Back 101

based on results of similar procedures using the anesthetic W/O a blocking agent

Front 102

def: euthanasia

Back 102

act of humanely killing animals by methods that induce rapid unconsciousness and death without pain or distress

Front 103

What guide should you follow to deterimine euthanasia procedures

Back 103

AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia

Front 104

criteria of euthanasia

Back 104

include protocol specific endpoints

Front 105

standardized methods of euth that are predictable and controllable should be developed and approved by

Back 105

the AV and IACUC

Front 106

Special consideration on euthanasia should be given to …

Back 106

fetuses and larval forms depending on the species and gestational age

Front 107

with regard to euthanasia _____ agents are preferable to _______ methods

Back 107

Chemical (barbiturates, anesthetics); physical (cervical dislocation, decapitation, penetrating captive bolt)

Front 108

the acceptability of CO2 euth. In rodents should be

Back 108

evaluated as new data becomes available

Front 109

euth of neonatal rodents

Back 109

resistant to hypoxia; need longer exposure time to CO2, or consider an alternative method (injection with chemical agent, cervical dislocation, decapitation)

Front 110

personnel performing mechanical euth need to be _______ at it

Back 110

proficient

Front 111

Death MUST be confirmed by…

Back 111

personnel trained to recognize cessation of vital signs in the species being euthanized

Front 112

all methods of euth. Should be reviewed and approved by…

Back 112

the IACUC and vet