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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Desired charateristics of internal surface materials
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durable, moisture- and vermin-proof, fire-resistant, seamless (use non-toxic paint)
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_______alone is not a reason to house animals in the lab
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convenience
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If an animal is housed in the lab
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the space should be approriate and the time should be the minimum necessary
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def: centralized animal facility
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support, care, and use areas are adjacent to animal housing
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def: decentralized facility
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space not solely dedicated to animal care or support or is physically separate form the support area and animal care personnel
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space is required for (4)
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1. animal housing, care, and sanitation 2. receipt, quarantine, separation, and/or rederivation of animals 3. separation of species or isolation of individual projects when necessary 4. storage
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multipurpous areas may also have
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specialize space (OR, irradiation, food prep, etc.), containment facilities, barrier housing for SPF rodents, receving and storage areas for ancillary things (food, bedding, drugs, supplies), cage wash, waste storage, carcass storage, office and training space, locker/break rooms, security features, repair shop areas
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width of corridors
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6-8 feet
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double door entries allow for
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noise trap, prevent escape, air locks for contamination and protection
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Door size and direction of opening
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42 x 84 inches; into animal room and can leave without a key
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red-tinted windows in rat/mouse rooms have what benefit
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filter specific wavelengths of light and mice and rats have limited ability to detect red portions of the spectrum
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Windows in an animal room: pros and cons
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Should be avoided because of security risk, and difficult to control temp and photoperiod; May provide environ. Enrichment for NHP
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floors should be _______or have a limited number of joints
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monolithic
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examples of floor material
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epoxy resins, har-surface sealed concrete, methyl methacrylate, polyurethane, hardened rubber-based aggregates (noise reduction)
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minimum size of drainpipes
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4 inches
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recommend size of drane pipes in rooms with dogs and Ag animals
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≥6 inches
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What should be done to drains that are not used for a long period of time
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they should be capped and sealed to prevent backflow of sewer gases, vermin, etc.
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What type of ceiling is undesirable and if used should be ____
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suspended ceilings; sealed from the space above (gaskets or clips), made out of impervious materials, washable, and free of imperfect junctions
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Rooms housing quarantine, NHP, harzards should be kept under _____pressure
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negative
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Rooms housing surgical rooms and clean equipment storage should be kept under _______ pressure
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positive
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HVAC systems should be capable of maintaining a dry bulb temp of +/- ___ degrees C (____ degrees F)
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1 (2)
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Most common HVAC system in animal facilities
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Constant-volume
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Variable-volume HVAC systems may be adventagous because
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they allow ventilation rates to be set in accordance with heat load; flexible; energy conservation
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Best way to regulate temp.
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thermostatic controls for each holding space; providing each space with a dedicated reheat coil
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How to prevent rooms from overheating
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Reheat coils should fail in the closed postion; avoid steam coils or they need to have a high-temp cut-off system
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Most HVAC systems are designed for the avg. high and low temp/humidity in a geographic area within +/- ____ %variation
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5
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Ways to prevent temp fluctuations due to changing outside temp
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partial redundancy, partial recirculating air, altered ventilation rates, auxilary equipment
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Failure of HVAC: minimum things that should be achieved
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supply facility at a reduced level, prevent adverse effects on temp, maintain critical pressure gradients
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Supply air is typically filtered with __-____% dust spot efficient filters
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85-95 (HEPA may be benificial in surgical or containment facilities)
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What can be used to prevent acciental removal of power supply
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twist-lock plugs
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Override lighting systems should have
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automatic timeouts or a warning light; should evaluate regularly
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Def: duel-level lighting
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low-intensity lighting during light phase of diurnal light cycle and higher-intensity lighting is provided as needed (cleaning)…good for albino rodents
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Ground-gault interrupters should be used in areas with
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high water use
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_______ are not appropriate storage areas
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corridors
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storage of essential commodies should be ample enough to ensure
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the animals uninterrupted husbandy and care
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Storage of bedding and food
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Seprate area and vermin free
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What temprature should storage of dead animal and animal tissue waste be kept at?
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belwo 7 degrees C
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Physical methods of noise control
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Masonry walls, sanitizable sound-attenuating materials bonded to walls/ceilings, well-constructed corridor doors, sound-attenuating doors, or double-entry doors
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Why do you not want to use acoustic material for noise control
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difficult to sanitize and vermin like it
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What range of noise should be avoided in rodents
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ultrasonic
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Way to minimize vibration
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vibration suppression system
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Considerations for the central area for sanitizing cages and ancillary equipment (13)
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1. location (animal, waste, storage), 2. ease of access, 3. space, 4. waste and pre-washing, 5. ease of cleaing area, 6. traffic flow (clean vs dirty areas), 7. air pressure (clean vs. dirty areas), 8. insulation, 9. sound attenuation, 10. utilities, 11.Ventilation, 12. Vibration (animal location), 13. Personnel safety
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How to perform enviromental monitoring
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Automated monitoring of temp/photoperiod recommended
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What 2 things should you consider in the design of a surgical facility?
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species and complexity of procedures
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Surgery facility for rodents and small animals
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animal procedure laboratory is recommended; space should be dedicated when used for this purpose and minimize chance of contamination (traffic and flow considerations)
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Benefits of s centralized surgical facility
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cost-effective in equipment, conserve space and personnel, allow for oversight
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Functional components of aseptic surgery
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surgical support, animal prep, surgeon's scrub, OR, post-op recovery
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3 methods to seprate different surgical components
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physical barrier, distance, timed cleaning and disinfection
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What has been shown to be directly related to Sx bacterial contamiantion and post-op wound infection
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number of personnel and their activity level
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How can traffic be decreased in an OR
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observation window, communicaiton systems, judicious location of doors
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The OR should have filtered air at ______ pressure
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positive
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What are the key considerations in designing a surgical facility
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control of contamination and ease of cleaning (little fixed equipment)
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Where should the Sx scrub area be located?
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outside the OR and animal prep area
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Considerations for field Sx recovery
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May not need a recovery space but caution should be taken to minimize risk of injury to recovering animal
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def: Barrier facility
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designed and constructed to exclude the introdction of adventitious infectious agents from areas where animals of a defined health status are housed and used
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Considerations for a barrier facility
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1. entry (airlock, shower) 2. PPE 3. Treatment of feed (autoclave, gamma-irradiation) 4. Treatment of drinking water 5. Disinfection of caging (autoclave) 6. SOP's 7. No animal re-entry 8. limit personnel entry
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Engineering features of a barrier facility
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HEPA filtration, pressurization, directional air-flow, MI caging, ICV, changing stations
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Benefits of in vivo imaging
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noninvasive, can evaluate structure/function of whole animal/tissue/cell, sequential study of temproal events
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On campus transportation of animals. In general animals should not be moved past _________areas to avoid human exposure
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offices, lunch rooms, public areas
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MRI - special considerations
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Cannot have ferrous materials, gas storage may need to be remote, location/location/location (fringe field and impact of ferrous elements can affect building componenets (elevator) and field homogeneity
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rooms with MRIs or those that story cryogen gases MUST be equipped with …
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oxygen sensors and a method for increasing room ventilation to exhaust inert gases during cryogen filling (cyrogen boil-off can lead to asphyxiation)
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If imaging equipment is difficult to sanitize cover it with _____
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disposable or sanitizable material when not in use
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Irradiators with______-emitting sources are subject to monitoring/security/and clearance via the Nuclea Regulatory Commission
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gamma
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Considerations with irradiators
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weight of shielding material, use (animals vs biologics), source/status of animals to be irradiated
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What is the goal of containment?
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reduce or eliminate exposure of laboratory workers, other persons, and the outside environment to potential hazardous agents
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3 methods for achieving hazardous agent containment
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appropriate pratices and equipment, vaccination of personnel (if available), proper design of physical plant
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ABSL-1
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agents not know to cause human infection
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ABSL-2
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agents of moderate risk that cause human disease by ingestion or percutaneous or mucosal exposure
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ABSL-3
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agents that cause serious and potentially leath infections and have known poteintal for aerosol transmission
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ABSL-4
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nonindigenous (exotic) agents that pose high individual risk of life-threatening disease and for which there is no available vaccine or treatment
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What 5 things become important with increasing ABSL levels
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1. facility design 2. engineering criteria 3. construction methods and materials 4. commissioning 5. validation
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What regulations MUST you adhere to when using biologic agents and toxins that pose a threat to animal/plant health or public health/safety
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APHIS, USDA, and CDC Select Agent Regulations (etc.) - register use and security measures
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Facility features for all hazard use should include
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isolation of animal and waste, room selection, increased air exchange rates to dilute environmental contamination, negaitve pressure, specialized housing systems, and safety equipment (BSC or chemical hood)
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What should be strictly controlled in behavioral facilities
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auditory/vibrations, visual/circadian, tactile, and olfactory stimuli
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Equipment for behavioral testing…heat loads
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can the HVAC support this
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Drains in an aquatics rooms
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number and size to accommodate water release (maintence or ER), animals cannot pass through
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Materials in aquatics rooms
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impervious to water with slip proof floors; corrosion-resistant (rust-proof)
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Electronics in aquatics rooms
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ground-fault interrupted
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Two reasons for security and access control
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1. domestic terrorism 2. protect animals from infections (adventitious agents)
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What should staff complete before entering the animal facility
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the institution's occ health and safety training
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What systems usually use electronic key or proximity cards and readers (control access and record person/time/location)
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microprocessor-controlled security systems
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Security zones
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Perimeter and inner zones that have higher security
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