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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most common recommended method of emptying the neurogenic bladder?
Which emptying methods are avoided for pts with spinal cord injuries? What does it prevent? |
Intermittent cathererization 5-6x/day
Crede's & Valsalva manuevers Prevents autonomic dysreflexia |
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What is stress incontinence?
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inability to control urine due to sudden increased intraabdominal pressure when one laughs, coughs, or lifts heavy objects.
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What is urge incontinence?
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is characterized by unhibited contraction of the bladder preceeded by a few seconds to few minutes.
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What is overflow incontinence?
What helps with this? |
characterized by inability to empty bladder resulting in overdistention and freq loss of small amts of urine.
Bladder decompression using Crede's manuever |
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What is functional incontinence?
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is a loss of urine d/t problems outside of the urinary tract such as physical, environmental, or psych issues.
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What is the simplest & least expensive of the specialized tests for incontinence?
What is the normal for this test? |
PVR: Post-void residual urine measurement
Normal: < than 50ml |
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Who is catheterization reserved for?
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those critically ill, those on strict I/O, terminally ill, and those with sacral pressure ulcers
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Name some lifestyle modifications to control incontinence?
For stress incontinence do what? |
avoid diuretics, alcohol, caffeine, smoking
lose weight |
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What drugs are good for stress and urge incontinence?
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Anticholinergic ie. Ditropan or Detrol
Estrogen local application and TCA |
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What drugs are good for overflow incontinence?
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Cholinergic ie. Urecholine
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What signifies injury to the urinary tract?
to the kidneys? urethral trauma? |
Urine output that is scant, absent, or bloody.
hematuria and discomfort on the upper abd quad or flank pain presence of blood in the meatus, inability to void or bladder distention |
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What is dilation of the kidney with urine?
acute symptoms? chronic symptoms? |
hydonephosis: results from an obstructive process in the UT
colicky pain on affected side which may radiate to the groin intermittent dull flank discomfort, hematuria, signs of infection, GI s/s |
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What is the inability to pass urine or completely empty the bladder despite ability to urinate?
May be seen in who? |
Urinary retention
-enlarged prostate, neurogenic d/o, DM, over distention, deficient bladder strength, use of anticholinergic drugs, & overflow incontinence |
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What can urinary retention lead to?
How to evaluate it? |
Hydronephrosis, hydroureter, and infection
PVR with catheterization:normal <50ml or urine For residuals >100ml need urodynamic studies |
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How to treat urinary retention?
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Behavioral therapy, catheterization, or drugs that promote contractility of bladder muscle or those that relax the bladder neck muscle:
ALPHA ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS...cholingeric ie. Urecholine |
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What drugs should you avoid that promote urinary retention?
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Alpha adrenergic (anticholinergic) or cough/cold and allergy meds, antianxiety, antidepressants, and antipsychotics
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What are the risk factors for urinary calculi?
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Males 20-55,Increased urine concentration, warm climate(SE & SW USA), sedentary lifestyle, urine stasis, diet, family/genetic, acidic or alkaline urine, disease history
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The ______ the pH, the _______ soluble are calcium & phosphate stones.
The ______ the pH the ________soluble are uric acid & cystine stones. |
higher, less
lower, less |
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Which stones make up 75-80% of all stones are associated with high blood and urine leves of calcium?
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Calcium stones
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Which stones are associated with UTI caused by urea splitting bacteria such as proteus, klebsiella, psuedomonas, and some staph?
The urine becomes what? and form what type of stone? |
Struvite stones (staghorn)
-alkaline Ca-Mg-ammonium phosphate (triple phosphate stones) |
