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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bladder Cancer S/S |
visible painless hematuria, alteration in voiding, pelvic or back pain |
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Bladder Cancer Dx |
CT, biopsy, urinalysis, cystoscopy, IVP, urine cytology |
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Bladder Cancer RF |
>55yo men, smoking, carcinogens, UTIs, stones, alkaline urine, high cholesterol, pelvic radiation, prostate or colon radiation/cancers, cervical cancer radiation |
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Bladder Cancer Tx |
TURB, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiation, surgery |
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Stricture S/S |
dysuria, difficulty voiding, slow stream, spray stream, increased urgency and frequency, decreased output, incontinence, blood in semen, pelvic pain, decreased abdominal pain, bloody dark urine, discharge, redness and swelling of the penis, retention, increased lymph, distended bladder, large tender prostate |
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Stricture Dx |
urine flow rate, post-void residual, urinalysis, culture, test for chlamydia and gonorrhea, cytoscopy to confirm, retrograde urethrogram to confirm |
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Stricture RF |
scarring, STDs in males, urethritis, BPH, Catheters or -scopy, disease, injury, rarely-tumors |
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Stricture Tx |
suprapubic catheter and dilation. stents, may need surgery urethroplasty post-dilation: hot sitz bath, non-narcotic analgesics, antimicrobials |
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Renal Cancer RF |
men >40, hx of smoking, family history of kidney cancer, exposure to toxins, obesity |
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Renal Cancer S/S |
only in 10%, hematuria, pain, mass in flank, (wt loss, weakness, anemia), rusty urine, colicky pain, dull back pain, organ enlargement, increased RBC (urine AND serum), increased Ca |
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Renal Cancer Dx: |
urine cytology IVP, cystoscopy, nephrotomygram, renal angiogram, ultrasound, CT, liver function test for metastasis, bone scan |
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Renal Cancer Tx: |
nephrectomy, palliative radiation, |
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Renal Cancer Teaching: |
hospital for 2-7 days, light activity after, and strenuous activity >6 weeks. preop: fluids, Abx, PT/PTT, fear of loss of kidneys and need for dialysis postop: hemorrhage/shock, paralytic ileus, abd distension, abx, heparin, NG, fluids and blood, nephrostomy tube, ureteral stints |
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Bladder Cancer teaching: |
ileal conduit: intestines, stoma, bag continent urinary reservoir: kock pouch or cath cutaneous ureterostomy: ureter thru skin indiana patch: ileocecal, catheter to empty ureterosigmoidostomy: pee through rectum vesicostomy: bladder through abd wall FOLLOW UP 3-6 months |
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Urolithiasis RF |
too much salts, precipitation via dehydration, growth via crystallization, absence of stone inhibitors (pyrophosphates, citrate, and magnesium)
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Urolithiasis S/S |
flank or back pain, radiating, colicky, N/V, urinary frequency/urgency, hematuria, diarrhea, abd discomfort, painful night urination, urinary hesitancy, fever, chills, abnormal urine color, tender abdomen, |
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Urolithiasis Dx: |
IVP, abd Xray, CT, renal MRI, KUB, blood chemistry, kidney ultrasound |
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Urolithiasis Tx: |
strain urine, pain relief, moist heat to back, ambulate, fluids to 3,000-4,000mL/day, lower protein, sodium, oxalate, drink every 1-2 hrs, avoid sudden increase in temperatures |
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Urolithiasis complications: |
recurrance, UTI, obstruction, damage, loss of function |
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Calcium Stones |
combines with oxalate (avoid spinach, strawberry, chocolate, tea, peanuts, wheat bran, rhubarb), restrict sodium and protein thiazides acidify urine |
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Uric Acid |
associated with Gout allopurinol (zyloprim) alkaline urine decrease purines (shellfish, anchovies, asparagus, mushrooms, organ meat) |
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Cystine |
hereditary decrease protein alkaline the urine |
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struvite |
d/t UTI Antibiotics acidify urine |
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Nephrotic Syndrome S/S |
piting edema, generalized edema, acites, malaise, HA, irritation, anti-clq antibodies, massive proteinuria, lipiduria, hypoalbuminimia, hyperlipidemia, |
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Nephrotic Syndrome Dx: |
urinary casts and WBC, needle biopsy, proteinuria, |
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Nephrotic Syndrome Tx |
bed rest, increase protein diet, decrease Na and fat, increase K, diuretics, ace-inhibitors, anti-neoplastic or immune suppressants, monitor I&O, report deteriorating conditions |
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Glomerulonephritis RF |
strep infection, impetigo, URI, epstein-barr |
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Glomerulonephritis S/S |
cola-colored urine, hematuria, proteinuria, H/A, facial edema, flank pain and renal failure, HTN, large edematous kidneys, hypoalbuminimia, increased BUN and creatinine, anemia |
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Glomerulonephritis Dx |
kidney biopsy |
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Glomerulonephritis Tx |
bedrest, Abx, plasmaphoresis, diuretics, antiHTN, temp dialysis, immunosuppressants, RESTRICT protein and sodium |
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Glomerulonephritis chronic S/S |
HTN, nosebleed, edema, increased BUN and crea, N/V/A/HA, seizures, renal insufficiency (yellow-grey skin, periorbital edema, HTN, retinal hemorrhage, cardiomegaly, peripheral neuropathy |
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Glomerulonephritis chronic Dx: |
UA, check e- (elevated K), metabolic acidosis, anemia, decreased albumin and Ca, increased phosphate and magnesium, high quality protein, bedrest with HOB elevated, daily wt, diuretic, dialysis |
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Pyelonephritis S/S |
chills and fever, back pain, flank pain, V/N/HA, malaise, costovertebral pain, enlarged kidney, pyuria, WBC in urine |
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Pyelonephritis Dx: |
WBC, RBC in UA, culture, blood culture, IVP, CT, f/u 2 weeks after Abx, pyelolithotomy, nephrectomy |
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Pyelonephritis chronic: |
scar tissue, severe HTN, complications: stones, fatigue, HA, poor apetite, excess urine, wt loss, IVP, BUN creatinine clearance, UA |
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Urethritis S/S |
burn, pain, decreased abd discomfort, pyuria, d/t e.coli, herpes, etc |
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Urethritis Tx |
Abx, avoid irritants, teach hygiene, safe sex, |
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UTI's RF |
reflux, >65, etc |
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UTI's S/S |
pressure in the lower pelvis, frequency, dysuria, nocturnal, urgency, clowdy, odor, hematuria, back and pelvis pain |
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UTI's Dx |
urinalysis, culture, KUB |
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UTI Tx: |
clean genitals, showers vs baths, wipe, good fluids, void after sex, cotton undies, Abx, acid-ash foods (cranberries, prunes, plums), good cath-care, |
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Complications of Catheterization |
trauma, sepsis, bacteruria, CAUTI, *prevent rapid decompression >750-1000mL clamp for 30min* |
