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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three categories of SAR operations
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Air SAR, Marine SAR, Ground & Inland Waters SAR
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Federal organization responsible for Air SAR
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Canadian Armed Forces
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Federal organization responsible for Marine SAR
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Canadian Coast Guard
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RCC
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Rescue Coordination Centre (Victoria)
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Both Air & Marine SAR are coordianted by....
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RCC
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Authority responsible for Ground & Inland Water SAR
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Police - RCMP or municipal
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PEP
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Provincial Emergency Program
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PEP's Responsibilities
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- maintain Ground & Inland water SAR
-advises & assists in preventive measures - coordinates the emergency preparedness of the prov. gov. -provide individuals with WCB coverage & 3rd party liability -involved in emgergency planning, evergency preparedness and emergency social services. |
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Emergency services work
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work for no compensation, designed to protect & preserve life
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Responsible for developing & designing SAR training curriculum
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Emergency Management Division - PEP Acedemy at JIBC
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ECC
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Emergency Coordination Centre
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Emergency Coordination Centre
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-located at PEP HQ Victoria
-central coordination agnecy for all routine prov emergency response activities |
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Emergency Coordination Centre Responsibilities
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-issue task numbers to SAR Managers & Emergency Program Cooridnators
-notify PEP Regional Managers of all SAR activity |
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PEP Regional Manager Respnsibilities
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-provide assistance to local gov/ministries in emergency preparedness, response, & recovery.
-receive training task applications -approve funding for training, costs for SAR incidents, aircraft use & equipment |
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SAR (Incident) Commander-Police Authority
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Usually a police officer, responsible & has authority over the SAR operation.
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Emergency Program Coordinator
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- coordinates the municipal emergency program
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SAR Manager (Duty Incident Commander)
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- the person who will lead the SAR group during the operation
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Team Leader
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Supervises and monitors a group of SAR volunteers
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SAR Advisory Committee (purpose)
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-advise PEP on SAR policy, resources, training,
- provide channel of communication of SAR groups and other agencies -establish standard of SAR for whole province |
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Members of SAR Advisory Committee
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- SAR Coordinator (chair)
- 8 volunteer SAR Regional reps - RCMP rep - Municipal police rep - PEP SAR Coordinator - JIBC SAR Training program coordinator |
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Volunteer SAR Regional Rep Duties
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-communicate between SAR and other agencies
-create regional training plans -host an annual regional workshop/meeting |
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CASARA
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Civil Air Search & Rescue Association
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Preplanning
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- overall planning that occurs before an incident; addresses all likely situations
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Planning and Strategy (before operations begin)
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- Investigation
- urgency rating - establish goals/objectives |
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Urgency rating factors
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- age
- skill level - equipment - weather |
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Passive Search Techniques
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- Investigation
- confinement - attraction |
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Active Search Techniques
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- Field searching
- tracking |
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Purpose of a Review/Evaluation
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- how things could be done differently in the future
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ICS
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Incident Command System
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ICS - 5 Major Management Activities
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- Command
- Operations - Planning - Logisitcs - Finance/Administration |
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ICS - Command
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- sets objectives & priorities
- has overall responsibility of incident |
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ICS - Operations
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- carries out the plan
- develops tactical objectives - directs resources |
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ICS - Planning
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- develops SAR action plan to reach objectives
- collects & evaluates info (situation unit) - maintains info on personnel & equipment (Resource unit) - maintains all documents (document unit) |
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ICS - Planning - Situation Unit
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collects & evaluates info
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ICS - Planning - Resource Unit
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maintains info on personnel & equipment
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ICS - Planning - Documentation Unit
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maintains all documents related to incident
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ICS - Logistics
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- provides supplies, facilities, etc
- provides services: communications, medical, etc. |
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ICS - Finance/Admin
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- monitors costs related to incident
- provides accounting, time recording, cost analysis |
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ICS - Operations Section - 4 Types
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- Initial response team
- search team - rescue team - Air support |
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ICS - Planning Section Units
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- Resource
- Situation - Documentation - Demobilization |
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ICS - Logistics Section - Types (2)
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- Support (supplies, facility)
- Services (food, medical, communication) |
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Why is rapid response crucial?
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- With a mobile subject, the search area grows with time.
- within 2 days, 75% of the subjects will die |
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Search techniques (4)
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- Building the search rapidly
- search for clues - sound sweeps - search at night |
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Who do the police call when activating SAR?
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Emergency Program Coordinator or Duty SAR Manager
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2 Forms used at Initial Call-out
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- Relative Urgency Rating
- Missing person |
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Missing Person Information
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- description
- Clothing - equipment - footprint - favourite destination - personal - smoker, risk-taker, fitness - where last seen or position |
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PLS
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Point Last Seen (and direction of travel)
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LKP
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Last Known Position (wasn't actually seen)
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IPP
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Initial Planning Point
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Initial Planning Point (IPP)
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The geographic reference point where the search planning is based. Place & time search begins, does not change.
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Team Member call out Considerations
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- Can you respond? (work, family)
- how long can you stay out? |
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Probabilities - 2 Types
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Probability of Area
Probability of Detection |
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POA
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Probability of Area
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POD
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Probability of Detection
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Probability of Area (POA)
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The % that a subject is in a given area - changes as area segments are searched
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Probability of Detection (POD)
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probability % that a team will locate a clue or the subject (depends on terrain & other conditions)
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Lost Person Behaviour
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- Irrational behaviour- panic
- head downhill - distance - median 1-2.6 km - category (hunter, hiker, child, etc) |
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Team Briefings (before start of searchO
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- info about the situation
- subject profile - clue considerations - team's search area - type of search pattern to follow - weather forecast - hazards - equipment needed - radio frequencies - whistle signals - how long it should take |
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Types of Clues (4)
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- People
- Physical - Recorded - Events |
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Clues - People
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Information on the subject given by family or friends
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Clues - Physical
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Footprints, broken foliage, items dropped.
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Clues - Recorded
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Notes left by subject, sign-in & out forms.
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Clues - Events
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Intentional clues from subject - fires, whistles, etc.
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Interviewing Procedure (4)
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- Treat the witness with courtesy
- don't ask leading questions - take careful notes - report any encounter |
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Phases of a Complete SAR Operation (4)
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- Locate
- Access - Stabilize - Transport (evacuate) |
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Signs of Death
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- no response to painful stimulus
- no pulse detectable at all sources - no breathing detected by sight sound or touch - pupils are mid-sized or larger, do not respond to light - cold - rigor mortis - bruised, mottled appearance on lowest parts |
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SAR Task Reports
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Written by the SAR Manager and sent to PEP
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CISD
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Critical Incident Stress Debriefing
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Review - Three Basic Questions
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- Was the operation a success?
- Did anything unusual happen? - What can we learn from it? |
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Review Format (6)
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- Observation
- Comment - Suggestion - Action - Responsibility for action - Date for action |
