Growth & Development

Front 1

Describe the diet of an infant age 0-6 mos.

Back 1

The diet of an infant age 0-6 months should consist solely of human breast milk or a commercially prepared iron-fortified formula. Breast milk is preferable, as it is the most complete/easily digested. No other foods should be given to the baby to avoid exposure to allergens. No more than 28 to 30 oz of formula should be given q24h, to aovid iron deficiency anemia.

Front 2

Describe the dietary changes that should occur at 6 months and why.

Back 2

The infant should be gradually introduced to solids beginning with iron-fortified rice cereal. This should be first due to its low allergenic potential.

Front 3

Describe the dietary changes that should occur between 6 and 8 months.

Back 3

The infant should be gradually introduced to fruits & vegetables. Foods should be introduced one at a time and parents should wait atleast 3 days before introducing another. This will allow food allergies to be easily identified. New foods should also be single-food prepared baby foods, as the combo meals usually contain more sugar, salt, and fillers.

Front 4

Why should carrots, beets, and spinach be avoided before 4 months of age?

Back 4

They contain nitrates that can be converted to nitrite by young infants resulting in methemoglobinemia.

Front 5

Describe the dietary changes that should occur between 8 and 10 months.

Back 5

Infants should be introduced to meats after fruits & vegetables because meats are harder to digest & have a high protein load.

Front 6

Can infants be fed homemade foods? What considerations should be taken & what benefits are there?

Back 6

Yes. Infants can be fed mashed table food such as carrots, rice & potatoes. This is generally less expensive and allows for cultural/ethnic needs. Infants can also be fed homemade baby food. However, you should avoid adding sugar, salt & spices, as infants don't need to become accustomed to these flavors and may get too much sodium or develop gastric distress.

Front 7

What sweetener should be avoided until atleast 1 year of age? Why?

Back 7

Honey. Infants can't detoxify C. botulinum spores which are sometimes present in honey and can develop botulism

Front 8

Should infants be given juice?

Back 8

Not until 1 year of age. Even then, juice should be limited to 4-6 oz a day due to its high sugar content and low nutrition content.

Front 9

When should weaning from the breast occur?

Back 9

During the 2nd 6 months of infancy the infant should be weaned from breast to bottle to cup.

Front 10

Describe the dietary changes that should occur at 12 months.

Back 10

The infant should begin eating junior fods or chopped table foods.

Front 11

Describe the sensory capabilities of a newborn.

Back 11

Their hearing and touch is well developed. Their vision will not be fully developed until 6 years of age but they can differentiate between light and dark at birth. They also prefer seeing human faces.

Front 12

Describe the sensory capabilities of a 2 month old.

Back 12

The 2 month old is able to search and turn head to locate sounds. They can differentiate smiles.

Front 13

Describe the sensory capabilities of the 6 month old.

Back 13

The 6 month old already has taste preference.

Front 14

Describe the sensory capabilities of a 7 month old.

Back 14

They can respond to their own name.

Front 15

Describe the sensory capabilities of a 1 year old.

Back 15

1 year olds can follow moving objects, have visual acuity of 20/50 or better, and can vocalize 4 words. At this time, infants can also develop amblyopia, or blindess in on eye (most commonly due to untreated nystagmus.)

Front 16

Describe the fine motor skills of a 1 month old child.

Back 16

The hand remains predominantly closed at this time.

Front 17

Describe the fine motor skills of a 3 month old child.

Back 17

The 3 month old child has the desire to grasp.

Front 18

Describe the fine motor skills of a 5 month old.

Back 18

They have now achieved a 2-handed, voluntary graps.

Front 19

Describe the fine motor skills of a 6 month old child.

Back 19

They may hold the bottle themselves and grasp their feet.

Front 20

Describe the fine motor skills of a 7 month old child.

Back 20

They can transfer objects from hand to hand.

Front 21

Describe the fine motor skills of the 10 month old child.

Back 21

They now have the pincer grasp.

Front 22

Describe the fine motor skills of a 12 month old child.

Back 22

They can do the refined pincer grasp with thumb and finger (ie picking up a raisin...think denver screening!)

Front 23

Describe the gross motor skills of a 4 month old.

Back 23

Gains head control and can roll from back to side.

Front 24

Describe the gross motor skills of a 5 month old.

Back 24

Rolls from abdomen to back.

Front 25

Describe the gross motor skills of a 6 month old.

Back 25

Rolls from back to abdomen.

Front 26

Describe the gross motor skills of the 8 month old.

Back 26

Sits alone without support.

Front 27

Describe the gross motor skills of a 9 month old baby.

Back 27

Stands holding furniture.

Front 28

Describe the gross motor skills of a 10-12 month old.

Back 28

The baby will first begn to crawl and may initially go backwards. The baby will then creep with their abdomen off the floor. Subsequently the child will cruise (upright using furniture to stay steady). Ultimately at 12 months, the baby can walk well holding onto a grownup's hand. The child can also sit down from the upright position.