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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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(def)
Growth |
Physical change and increase in size
-Quantitative (i.e. height and weight) -Takes place in the first 20 years |
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(def)
Development |
an individual's increasing capacity and skill in functioning, related to growth
-capacity/skill to adapt to environment -Continues throughout life |
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(def)
Generativity |
Concern for establishing and guiding the next generation
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(def)
Stagnation |
lack of ability to expand interests and accept responsibility
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Each stage of development includes _____ and _____ aspects of life tasks
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positive (+) and Negative (-)
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In each stage, tasks are achieved in what 3 ways
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partial, complete or unsuccessful
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Tasks are achieved on a
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Continuum (not completely + or -)
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A + task completion is associated with what type of personality
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positive
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Development is influenced by
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environment
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True or False
Each stage must be completed |
True
Although we can fixate or regress throughout the stages |
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Which (3) stages of Erik Erikson's developmental stages focus on the adult
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1. Young Adult (20-40)
2. Adulthood (25-26) 3. Maturity (65-death) |
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What are the central tasks of the (3) adult stages
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1. Young adult: Intimacy vs. Isolation
2. Adulthood: Generativity vs. stagnation 3. Integrity vs. Despair |
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What central task occurs on each end of the Young adult continuum
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Intimacy (+) = Choosing a partner
Isolation (-) Choosing to be alone |
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Characteristics of the Mature Young adult
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1. Age of financial independence
2. Tolerant of views of others 3. Self-acceptance, reflective, insightful 4. Assume responsibility for selves 5. Realistic, make decisions, take responsibility for decisions |
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Physical Development in the Young Adult
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Minimal changes:
-in the prime of their health -weight and muscle mass can change |
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Psychosocial Changes in the Young Adult
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Many Changes:
-Education (finishing school) -Employment -Lifestyle changes (move into first house, buy first car) -Marriage or remain single -Home -Children |
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Cognitive development in the Young Adult
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Cognitive development is great in this stage (lots of learning)
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Cognitive structures are in place between what ages
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11-15
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Health problems that occur with the Young Adult
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1. Hypertension
2. Substance abuse 3. STD's 4. Violence |
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Hypertension begins around what age
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40 (due to changing elasticity of the blood vessels)
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True or False
Unintentional Injury (motor vehicle accidents) is the leading cause of death in the Young Adult |
True
Homicide is 2nd (African American males ages 15-24) Suicide is 5th |
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(5) Physical developmental assessment guidelines for the Young Adult
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1. Weight
2. Vital SIgns 3. Visual 4. Hearing 5. Sexuality |
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(8) Psychosocial developmental assessment guidelines for the Young Adult
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1. Independence
2. Self-concept 3. Interaction with family 4. Coping behaviors 5. Relationships with significant others 6. Social life 7. Values to guide behavior 8. Socioeconomic responsibilities |
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(2) ADL assessment guidelines for the Young Adult
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(Healthy Lifestyle)
1. Exercise 2. Diet |
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How often should a Young Adult have a physical exam
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Females 1-3 years
Males every 5 years |
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How often should the young adult have a dental exam
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once a year
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How often should a female perform a breast self-exam
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once a month- one week after period
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Pap smears should be done
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Annually
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Testicular exams should be done
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Monthly
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True or False
The young adult should begin cardiovascular screening |
True
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How often should the young adult have a TB test done
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every 2 years
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What are (4) areas of focus for Safety Health Promotion for the Young adult
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1. motor vehicle accidents
2. sunscreen 3. workplace 4. water |
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What are (4) areas of focus for nutrition for the young adult
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1. Iron intake
2. CV disease 3. Obesity 4. Diabetes |
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What are (3) areas of focus for social life for the young adult
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1. Personal relationships
2. long term goals 3. career choices |
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What central task occurs at each end of the Middle aged adult continuum
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Generativity (+) = concern for the next generation (children, grandchildren etc)
Stagnation (-) = No new interests |
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Physical changes with the Middle Aged Adult
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1. Hair: thins, grays, skin turgor/moisture decreases, wrinkling, fat deposits in the abdomen
2. skeletal muscle bulk decreases; calcium lost 3. decrease in visual/auditory acuity and taste 4. loss of elasticity in blood vessels ( hypertension) 5. decrease in metabolism (menopause) 6. decrease in tone of large intestines (constipation) 7. Loss of nephrons 8. Hormonal changes |
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True or False
Nephrons decrease by 50% starting at age 60 |
True
At 20 we have millions, we lose 50% in our 60's |
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What is the age range for the middle aged adult
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40 to 65 years
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Psychosocial Developmental changes in the middle aged adult
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1. accept aging body
2. feel comfortable and well-respected 3. enjoy independence 4. accept changing family roles (empty nest) 5. activities with life partner 6. renew/new interest 7. charitable activities 8. meaningful purposeful life |
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ADL's focus of the middle aged adult
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1. follow preventative health practices: eating healthy and exercise
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What occurs in the Cognitive development of the middle aged adult
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Little change occurs:
-reaction time slows -memory still in tact -learning occurs with motivation |
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Common health problems with the middle aged adult
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1. Leading causes of death: motor vehicle and occupational accidents
2. Obesity 3. Alcoholism 4. Mental Health Alterations |
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True or False
Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in the middle aged adult |
True
Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in the middle age adult ages 25-64 Men: bladder cancer Women: 1:7 have breast cancer |
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How often should the Middle Age Adult have a physical exam
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Females: annual
Males: 2-3 years |
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What (3) immunizations should the middle age adult be sure to have
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1. Tetanus (10 years)
2. Flu (annual) 3. Pneumonia (annual) |
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How often should the middle age adult test for glaucoma
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1-3 years
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How often should the middle age adult have a dental exam
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annually
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How often/when should the middle age female perform a self-breast exam
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1st day of every month (after menopause)
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How often should the middle age man perform a testicular exam
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monthly
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After 50, how often should the middle age adult have a colonoscopy
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every 5-10 years
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How often should the middle age woman have a mammogram
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annually
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True or False
The middle age adult should have CV screenings performed at physical exam |
True
Test for BP, Cholesterol, EKG |
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What are (3) focus areas for safety health promotion for the middle age adult
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1. MV accidents
2. Workplace accidents 3. home accidents |
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What are (4) focus areas for the nutrition and exercise health promotion for the middle age adult
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1. Protein
2. Calcium 3. Vitamin D 4. CV related factors |
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What are (3) focus areas for social activity health promotion for the middle age adult
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1. discussion of feelings and concerns
2. expand and renew interests 3. planning for retirement |
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What is the age range for the Older Adult
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65 and up
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True or False
The older adult is the fastest growing age group |
True
(especially 85 and over) |
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What (2) central tasks are included on the continuum for the Older Adult
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1. Integrity (+) = happy with life, feel that they have lived a good life
2. Despair (-) = feel that they did nothing right in life |
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True or False
The Older Adult is more likely to have chronic pain |
True
The older adult is more likely to put up with pain because they are more likely to experience chronic pain |
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Integumentary system changes of the older adult
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dryness, pallor, fragility, wrinkling, sagging, age spots, decreased perspiration, thinning and graying of hair, nail growth is slower and thicker
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Neuromuscular changes with the older adult
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decrease in the speed and power of muscles, slower reaction time, loss of height and bone mass, stiffness, impaired balance
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Sensory/Perceptual changes with the older adult
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decreased visual acuity, increased sensitivity to glare, Arcus senilis, decrease in ability to adjust to darkness, decrease in hearing and ability to taste, increase in threshold for pain, touch and temp
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Pulmonary changes with the older adult
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decrease lung expansion and increase in residual volume
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Cardiovascular changes with the older adult
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decrease c.o. and stroke volume
decreased elasticity hardening of the arteries decreased diastolic and systolic BP |
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Gastrointestinal changes with the older adult
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Increase in indigestion and constipation
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Urinary changes with older adult
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decrease in renal function
urinary urgency and frequency nocturnal frequency residual urine |
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Genital chances with the older adult
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Males: prostate enlargement
Females: decreases vaginal secretions |
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Immunological changes with the older adult
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decreased resistance
decreased response to immunizations decrease stress response |
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Endocrine changes with with the older adult
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Increase in insulin resistance
decrease in thyroid function |
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Psychosocial Development changes with older adult
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1. retirement
2. economic changes (income decreases due to retirement) 3. relocation (assisted living) 4. independence 5. death and grieving (loss of loved ones) |
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What is the most stressful psychosocial developmental change for the older adult
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Loss of independents
i.e. no longer able to drive |
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Cognitive development in the older adult
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Perception changes due tot he loss of neurons and a decrease in blood flow to the brain
Brain metabolism slows |
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What is the leading cause of death among the older adult population
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Heart disease, stroke, pneumonia/influenza, COPD, cancer
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What % of falls occur among the older adult population
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87%
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What % of the older adult population suffers from alcoholism
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10-15%
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Other health problems with the older adult
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Chronic illness
Drug misuse dementia elder abuse |
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True or False
The tests and screenings recommendations for the older adult are the same as the middle age adult |
True
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What are some areas of health promotion for safety of the older adult
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prevent falls
fire burns electrocution MVA pedestrian accidents |
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What are some areas of health promotion for nutrition and exercise of the older adult
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well-balanced nutrition
fewer calories (b/c decreases metabolism) Calcium and Vitamin D CV disease prevention |
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What are (3) common elimination problems with the older adult
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1. adequate fiber
2. exercise 3. fluid |
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Mr. Smith is a 58 year old man who is unhappy with his life. Little interests him; he purchases a red corvette hoping it will bring him some joy in life. Mr. Smith is experiencing Erikson's developmental stage of:
A. Intimacy vs Isolation B. Generativity vs Stagnation C. Integrity vs Despair D. Death |
B. Generativity vs Stagnation
Stagnation because he is unhappy with his life |
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Which of the following would you recommend to a 25 year old female regarding health promotion?
A. Testicular exam monthly B. Breast self exam weekly C. Physical exam every 1-3 years D. Annual Colonoscopy |
C. Physical exam every 1-3 years
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Which statement by the nurse regarding the physical changes of aging in the middle aged adult indicates a need for further learning?
A. the hair becomes thicker and gray B. hormone levels change C. loss of elasticity of blood vessels begins D. metabolism decreases |
A. The hair becomes THINNER and gray
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Which of the following are concerns of the older adult?
A. retirement B. economic change C. relocation D. independence |
All of them
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