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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stages of Play Development
(Age Characteristics) |
- Exploratory (Holding toys) 0-1yr
- Imitation (Toys as adult tools) 1-7yrs - Games and Hobbies 8-12yrs |
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Stages of Play Development
(Social Characteristics) |
- Solitary Play: Infancy
- Parallel Play (plays alongside): Toddler - Associative Play (often follows leader): Preschool - Cooperative play (Organized, ruled, leadership): School age |
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Denver Development Screening Test
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Evaluates in 4 skill areas
- Personal social - Fine Motor - Language - Gross Motor (ages 0-6) |
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(DDSC) Age adjusted for prematurity...
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by subtracting the number of months preterm
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Trust vs. Mistrust
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0-18mo
Infant Pos: Trusts self and others Neg: Inability to trust, withdrawal, isolation |
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Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
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18mo-3yr
Toddler Pos: Exercises self control and influences the environment directly Neg: Demonstrates negativism and defiance |
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Initiative vs. Guilt
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3-6 yrs
Preschool Pos: Begins to evaluate own behavior, learns limits on influencing the environment Neg: Fearful, pessimistic behavior, lacks self confidence |
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Industry vs. Inferiority
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6-12 yrs
School age Pos: Sense of confidence, uses creative energies to influence the environment Neg: Dem. feeling of inadequacy, and self doubt |
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Identity vs. Role Diffusion
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12-20 yrs
Adolescent Pos: Dvlps a coherent sense of self, plans for future Neg: Dem inability to develop personal and vocational identity |
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Intimacy vs. Isolation
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20-45 yrs
Early adulthood Pos: Dvlps connections to work and intimate relations Neg: Dem avoidance of intimacy and vocational career commitments |
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Generativity vs. Stagnation
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45-65
Middle Adulthood Pos: Involved with established family, expands personal creativity and productivity Neg: Lack of interest, commitments. Preoccupation with self centered concerns |
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Integrity vs. Despair
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65+ yrs
Late adulthood Pos: Identifies life as meaningful Neg: Fear of death, life lacks meaning |
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Usual order of the foods given in the first year
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cereal, fruits, vegetables, potatoes, meat, egg, orange juice
(least allergic to more allergic) |
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Phases of Seperation Anxiety
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Protest: cries, inconsolable by others
Despair: less active, disinterest, security object if available Denial: ignores parent when returns |
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Growth and Development
1 month |
- Head sags
- Early crawling movements |
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Growth and Development
2 Month |
- Closing of the posterior fontanelle
- Turns side to back - Diminished Moro and tonic neck reflex - Eyes follows objects - First social smile |
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Growth and Development
3 Month |
- Head held erect
- Can bring things to mouth - Smiles at mothers presence - Laughs audible - Binocular vision |
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Growth and Development
4 Month |
- Appearance of thumb apposition
- Enjoys social contact - Absent tonic neck reflex - Absent Moro reflex 3 to 4 months - Drooling |
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Growth and Development
5 Month |
- Birth weight DOUBLED
- Takes things presented |
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Growth and Development
6 Month |
- Early ability to distinguish strangers
- 4oz/week gain in second 6 months - Teething may begin (lower central insicion) - Can turn from back to stomach |
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Growth and Development
7 Month |
- Sits short periods
- Grasps toy with hand (partially successful) - Fear of strangers - Abrupt mood shifts |
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Growth and Development
8 months |
- Anxiety with strangers
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Growth and Development
9 Month |
- Elevates self to sitting position
- Expressions like "dada" may be heard - Immitates expressions - Responds to partial anger |
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Growth and Development
10 Months |
- Crawls well
- Pulls self to standing position w support - vocabulary of 1 or 2 words - Brings hands together |
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Growth and Development
11 Month |
- Erect standing posture with support
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Growth and Development
12 Month |
- Birth weight TRIPLED
- Needs help walking - 2 more words additional to mama dada - Able to sit from Standing position - Eats with fingers |
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Age Appropriate Toys (Infant)
2-4 Mo |
- Rattles, cradle gym
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Age Appropriate Toys (Infant)
4-6 Mo |
Brightly colored toys (small to grasp, large enough for safety)
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Age Appropriate Toys (Infant)
6-9 Mo |
Large toys with colors, movable parts, noisemakers
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Age Appropriate Toys (Infant)
9-12 Mo |
Books with large pictures, push pull toys, teddy bears
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Toddler Growth and Development
15 mo |
- Walks alone
- Names common place objects - Builds 2 block towers - Grasps spoon |
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Toddler Growth and Development
18 Mo |
- Anterior fontanel is usually closed
- Builds 3 block tower - 10 word vocabulary - Walks backward, climbs stairs - Scribbles - Thumb sucking |
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Toddler Growth and Development
24 Mo |
- Early efforts of jumping
- Builds 5-6 block towers - 300 word vocabulary - Obeys easy commands |
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Toddler Growth and Development
30 Mo |
- Walks on tiptoe
- Builds 7-8 block tower - Stands on one foot - Toilet training |
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Age Appropriate Toys (Toddler)
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Push pull toys
Dolls Low rocking horses Stuffed animals |
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Preschool Growth and Development
3 yrs |
- Copies a circle
- Builds bridge w 3 cubes - Less negativity, less tantrums - Learns from experience - Rides tricycle - Walks backward and down the stairs w/o assistance - Undresses with help - 900 vocabulary - Imaginary friend |
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Preschool Growth and Development
4 yrs |
- Climbs jumps well
- laces shoes - Brushes teeth - 1500 vocabulary - skips hops on one foot - Throws overhead |
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Preschool Growth and Development
5 yrs |
- Runs well
- Jumps rope - dresses w/o help - 2100 vocabulary - Tolerates seperation - Gender specific behavior - Skip on alternate feet - Ties shoes |
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age appropriate toys (Preschool)
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Adult patterns and roles, playground materials, housekeeping toys, coloring books, tricycles, helmet
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General characteristics of the Preschooler
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- Intensive periods of industry and productivity
- logical patterns and thoughts - Peer relation important - Likes and dislikes established |
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Growth and Development
Adolescent Physical |
- Sexual maturity
- Rapid Alterations in height and weight - Acne is related to sebaceaus gland activity - Increased sweat production - Weight gain is proportionally grater than height gain during early stages - Clumsiness, problems in coordination - Fatigue related to rapid growth - Preoccupation with physical appearance - Onset may be related to hypothalamic activity which influences pituitary to secret hormones affecting testes and ovaries - Testes and ovaries produce androgen and estrogen that determine development of secondary sexual characteristics |
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Growth and Development
Adolescent Male changes |
- Increase in genital size
- Breast swelling - pubic, axillary, facial, chest hair - Deepening voice - Production of functional sperm - Nocturnal emissions |
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Growth and Development
Adolescent female changes |
- Increase in pelvic diameter
- Breast development - Altered nature of vaginal secretions - Axillary and pubic hair - Menarche |
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Physical Development
Adolescent |
- More complete development of secondary characteristics
- Improved motor coordination - Wisdom teeth appear |
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Psychosexual Development
Adolescent |
- Masturbation, expression of sexual tension
- Fantasies - Experimental intercourse |
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Psychosocial Development
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- Preoccupied with body changes (what is normal)
- Conformity to peer pressure - Moody - Daydreaming - Increased independence - Moving towards mature sexual identity |
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Highlights of Adolescent Phase
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- body image very important
- peer relations very important - Identity / autonomy - Self esteem disturbance - health maintenance altered - Adolescent pregnancy - Drug alcohol abuse - aids - dropout - violance |
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Growth and Development
Early Adulthood 20-33 |
- Decreased hero worship
- Increased reality - Independent from parents - Possible marriage partnership - realization of "gray" areas in life - Hopes for future hope - Peak intelligence, memory - Maximum problem solving ability |
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Growth and Development
Early Adulthood 33-40 |
- Discovery and rediscovery of goals and interests
- Increased sense of urgency - Life more serious - Plateasus at work and marriage - Sense of satisfaction |
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Growth and Development
Early Adulthood 35-45 |
- Self questioning
- Fear of aging - Reappraises the past - Disregards unrealistic goals - Potential change of work, marriage - "sandwich" generation; children and aging parents - Increased awareness of mortality - Potential loss of sign. others |
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Growth and Development
Early Adulthood 45-55 |
- Gray hair, wrinkling skin
- Pain, muscle aches - Reassessment - Realization - Menopause - Decr. sensory acuity - Powerful, policy makers, leaders - Relates to older younger generations |
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Growth and Development
Early Adulthood 48-60 |
- Evaluates past
- Sets new goals - Defines value of life - Assesses legacies - Accepts changes of aging |
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Growth and Development
Early Adulthood 50-65 |
- Increasing physical decline
- Increasingly forgetful - Accepts limitations - Modification of life style - Decreased power - Retirement - Less restricted time, able to choose activities |
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Growth and Development
Early Adulthood 65-80 |
- Physical decline
- Loss of sign others - Appraisal of life - Appearance of chronic diseases - Changing in social roles |
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Growth and Development
Early Adulthood 80+ |
- Evident signs of aging
- Few significant relationships - Withdrawal - Self concern - Accepting death - Decreased ability |
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Mild Retardation
IQ 55-70 Preschool |
Slow to walk, feed self or talk
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Mild Retardation
IQ 55-70 School / Education |
With special ed. can learn reading and math skills for 3rd to 6th grade level
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Mild Retardation
IQ 55-70 Adult Social Level |
Can achieve social / vocational self maintenance
May need occasional psych support |
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Moderate Retardation
IQ 40-55 Preschool |
Delays in motor development
Can do some self activities |
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Moderate Retardation
IQ 40-55 School / Ed. |
Responds to training
Does not progress with reading and math Poor communication skills |
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Moderate Retardation
IQ 40-55 Adult |
Sheltered, usually incapable of self maintenance
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Severe Retardation
IQ 25-40 Preschool |
Marked delays in development
May be helpful to self minimally |
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Severe Retardation
IQ 25-40 School / Ed |
Can profit from habit training
Has some understanding of speech |
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Severe Retardation
IQ 25-40 Adult |
Dependent on others
Can conform to routine |
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Profound Retardation
IQ under 25 Preschool |
Gross retardation
Minimal capacity of functioning |
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Profound Retardation
IQ under 25 School |
May respond to skillful training
Shows basic emotional responses |
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Profound Retardation
IQ under 25 Adult |
Needs nursing care
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Newborn Vitals
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R: 30-60
HR: 120-160 (180 when crying) BP: 65/41 |
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1-4 yrs Vitals
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R: 20-40
HR: 80-140 BP: 90-99/60-65 |
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5-12 yrs Vitals
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R: 15-25
HR: 70-115 BP: 100-110/56-60 |
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Adult
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R: 12-20
HR: 60-100 BP: <120/80 |
