Group Psychology

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Social psychology

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The scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another.

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Culture

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The enduring behavior ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to another.

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Social representations

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Socially shared beliefs-widely held ideas and values, including our assumptions and cultural ideologies. Our social representations help us make sense of our world.

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Naturalistic fallacy

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The error of defining what is good in terms of what is observable. Ex: what's typical is normal, what's normal is good

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Hindsight Bias

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(I knew it all along phenomenon) the tendency to exaggerate, after learning an outcome, one's ability to have seen how something turned out.

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Theory

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An integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events.

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Hypothesis

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A testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exist between events.

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Field research

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Research done in natural, real-life settings outside the lab

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Correlational research

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The study of the naturally occurring relationships among variables

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Experimental research

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Studies that seek clues to cause-effect relationships by manipulating one or more factors wile controlling others.

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Random sample

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Survey procedure in which every person in the population being studied has an equal chance of inclusion.
Ex: unrepresented samples, order of response, wording choices; generalize to a population

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Independent variable

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The experimental factor that a researcher manipulates

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Dependent variable

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The variable being measured, depends on the manipulation of independent variable

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Random assignment

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The process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment such that all persons have the same chance of being in a given condition
Ex: infer cause and effect

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Mundane realism

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Degree to which an experiment is specifically similar to everyday situations

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Experimental realism

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Degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves its partisipants

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Deception

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Occurs in research when participants are misinformed or misled about the study's methods and purposes

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Demand characteristics

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Cues in an experiment that tell participants what behavior is expected

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Informed consent

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An ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate

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Debriefing

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In social psychology, the post experimental explanation of a study to its participants. Debriefing usually discloses any deception and often queries participants regarding their understanding and feelings.