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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nonmaleficence
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avoidance of harm or hurt
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Ethical dilemma
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almost always occur in presence of conflicting values some have strong values which they tend to believe are facts
. Some are so passionate about values they provoke judge mental attitudes during conflict. Steps Step 1: ask if this is an ethical dilemma Step2: gather all relevant information Step 3: clarify values Step 4: verbalized the problem Step 5: Identify possible courses of action Step 6: negotiate a plan Step 7: evaluate the plan |
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Macrobiotic diet
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Predominantly a vegan diet (no animal products except fish); initially used in the management of a variety of cancers; emphasis placed on whole cereal grains, vegetables, and unprocessed foods.
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Confidentiality
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means that a physician may not disclose any medical information revealed by a patient or discovered by a physician in connection with the treatment of a patient.
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Civil law
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is a set of rules or a promise that limits access or places restrictions on certain types of information.
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Acupuncture
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is a collection of procedures which involves the stimulation of points on the body using a variety of techniques, such as penetrating the skin with needles that are then manipulated manually or by electrical stimulation. It is one of the key components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and is among the oldest healing practices in the world.
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Common law
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The system of laws originated and based on court decisions, on the doctrines implicit in those decisions, and on customs and usages rather than on codified written laws.
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Meridians
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is acupuncture regulates or realigns the vital energy which flows like a river thr ough the body in channels that form a system of pathways called meridians.
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Battery
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legal terms for touching another body without consent.
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Civil laws
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statues concerned with protecting a person’s rights.
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Quality improvement(Qi)
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an approach to the continuous study of the and improvement of the processes of providing health care services to meet the needs of patients and others and inform health care policy.
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Beneficence
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Doing good or actively promoting doing good; one of the four principles of the ethical theory of deontology.
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Code of ethics
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Formal statement that delineates a profession's guidelines for ethical behavior. A code of ethics sets standards or expectations for the professional to achieve.
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confidentiality
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Act of keeping information private or secret; in health care the nurse only shares information about a patient with other nurses or health care providers who need to know private information about a patient to provide care for him or her; information can only be shared with the patient's consent.
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Complementary therapies
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are therapies used in addition to conventional treatment recommended by the person's health care provider. As the name implies complementary therapies complement conventional treatments. Many of them such as therapeutic touch contain diagnostic and therapeutic methods that require special training. Others such as guided imagery and breathwork are easily learned and applied. Complementary therapies also include relaxation; exercise; massage; reflexology; prayer; biofeedback; hypnotherapy; creative therapies, including art, music, or dance therapy; meditation; chiropractic therapy; and herbs/supplements
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Negligence
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The commission of an act that a prudent person would not have done or the omission of a duty that a prudent person would have fulfilled, resulting in injury or harm to another person. In particular, in a malpractice suit, a professional person is negligent if harm to a client results from such an act or such failure to act, but it must be proved that other prudent members of the same profession would ordinarily have acted differently under the same circumstances. Negligence may be misfeasance, malfeasance, or nonfeasance.
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Administrative Law
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Administrative law is broken into several interrelated parts: administrative rules, regulations and procedures for government agencies and bodies; the scope of agency authority, in particular individual privacy; and enforcement powers of agencies. In short, administrative law encompasses laws and legal principles governing the administration and regulation of city, county, state and federal government agencies involving rules, regulations, applications, licenses, permits, available information, hearings, appeals and decision-making.
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Assault
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is a violent attack, either physical or verbal. It is an intentional or reckless act that causes another person to expect to be subjected to immediate and unlawful violence
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Biofeedback
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Biofeedback, or applied psychophysiological feedback, is a patient-guided treatment that teaches an individual to control muscle tension, pain, body temperature, brain waves, and other bodily functions and processes through relaxation, visualization, and other cognitive control techniques. The name biofeedback refers to the biological signals that are fed back, or returned, to the patient in order for the patient to develop techniques of manipulating them. Biofeedback has been used to successfully treat a number of disorders and their symptoms, including temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ), chronic pain, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Raynaud's syndrome, epilepsy, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), migraine headaches, anxiety, depression, traumatic brain injury, and sleep disorders.
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Psychotherapy
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Psychotherapy can be defined as a means of treating psychological or emotional problems such as neurosis or personality disorder through verbal and nonverbal communication. It is the treatment of psychological distress through talking with a specially trained therapist and learning new ways to cope rather than merely using medication to alleviate the distress. It is done with the immediate goal of aiding the person in increasing self-knowledge and awareness of relationships with others. Psychotherapy is carried out to assist people in becoming more conscious of their unconscious thoughts, feelings, and motives. Psychotherapy's longer-term goal is making it possible for people to exchange destructive patterns of behavior for healthier, more successful ones.
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Accountability
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Ability to answer for one’s own actions.
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Advocacy
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Support of the cause of the client regarding health, safety, and personal rights.
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Autonomy
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Ability of the client to make personal decisions, even when those decisions may not be in the client’s own best interest.
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A tort
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in common law jurisdictions, is a civil wrong which unfairly causes someone else to suffer loss or harm resulting in legal liability for the person who commits the tortious act, called a tortfeasor.
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Standards of care
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a set of guidelines for providing high-quality nursing care and criteria for evaluating care. Such guidelines help assure patients that they are receiving high-quality care. The standards are important if a legal dispute arises over the quality of care provided a patient.
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Americans with disabilities act
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legislation approved by the U.S. Congress in July 1990 that would bar discrimination against persons with physical or mental disabilities in the areas of employment, state and local government services, public accommodations, transportation, and telecommunication. The Act defines disability as a condition that "substantially limits" such activities as walking, seeing, caring for oneself, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. It applies to persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), diabetes, and cancer, as well as to alcoholics and substance abusers undergoing treatment. The law requires employers to make "reasonable accommodations" for workers who are otherwise qualified to carry out their job duties. Other entities affected include educational institutions, which are required to make "reasonable accommodations" for students with disabilities.
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Emergency medical treatment and active labor act
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the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act, or EMTALA, provides protection for those that do not have insurance and are in need of hospital emergency services.
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Probiotics
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Bacteria that is beneficial to a person's health, either through protecting the body against pathogenic bacteria or assisting in recovery from an illness.
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Meditation
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Is a practice in which an individual trains the mind or induces a mode of consciousness, either to realize some benefit or as an end in itself.
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Health Insurance
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Is a type of insurance coverage that covers the cost of an insured individual's medical and surgical expenses. Depending on the type of health insurance coverage, either the insured pays costs out-of-pocket and is then reimbursed, or the insurer makes payments directly to the provider.
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Portability and accountability acts
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The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA; Pub.L. 104–191, 110 Stat. 1936, enacted August 21, 1996) was enacted by the United States Congress and signed by President Bill Clinton in 1996. It was sponsored by Sen. Nancy Kassebaum (R-Kan.).[1] Title I of HIPAA protects health insurance coverage for workers and their families when they change or lose their jobs. Title II of HIPAA, known as the Administrative Simplification (AS) provisions, requires the establishment of national standards for electronic health care transactions and national identifiers for providers, health insurance plans, and employers. This act gives the right to privacy to individuals from age 12 through 18. The provider must have a signed disclosure from the affected before giving out any information on provided health care to anyone, including parents.
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The Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)
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was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1990 as an amendment to the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990. Effective on December 1, 1991, this legislation required many hospitals, Nursing Homes, home health agencies, hospice providers, HMOs, and other health care institutions to provide information about advance health care directives to adult patients upon their admission to the healthcare. This law does not apply to individual doctors. Section 1233 of the proposed HR 3200 would have authorized reimbursements for physician counseling regarding advance directives (once every five years) but it was not included in the 2010 Affordable Care Act because of uproar over supposed "death panels.
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DNR order
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In medicine, a "do not resuscitate" or "DNR", sometimes called a "No Code", is a legal order written either in the hospital or on a legal form to respect the wishes of a patient not to undergo CPR or advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) if their heart were to stop or they were to stop breathing.
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Deontology
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ethics, especially that branch dealing with duty, moral obligation, and right action.
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Ethics
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the rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the conduct of the members of a profession.
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Alternative medicine
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is any of a wide range of health care practices, products and therapies, using methods of medical diagnosis and treatments.
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Consequentiality
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following as a consequence; resultant, indirectly.
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Ethics of care
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Delivery of health care based on ethical principles and standards of care.
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Fidelity
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Agreement to keep a promise.
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Justice
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Ethical standard of fairness.
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Dietary supplements
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Defined by the dietary supplement health and education act of 1994 and used to supplement nutritional intake by mouth; contain one or more dietary ingredients including vitamins, minerals, herbs or other botanical products.
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Imagery
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Visualization is a mind-body therapy that uses the conscious mind to create mental images to stimulate physical changes in the body, improve perceived well-being, and enhance self-awareness.
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