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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aquifer |
A subsurface water-storing layer with high water permeability - sand, gravel |
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Permeability |
Availability of a porous medium to transmit water |
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Unconfined GW / phreatic GW |
Water table can establish itself freely |
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Confining layer |
Subsurface layer with little or no eater permeability |
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Aquifuge |
Impermeable confining layer - bedrock/granite/basalt etc. |
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Aquitard |
Confining layer with low permeability - sandy clay |
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Aquiclude |
A geological material through which zero flow occurs. Typically a clay layer |
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Semi-confined/leaky aquifer |
GW between two confined layers, one being semi-permeable |
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Piezometer |
Device to measure hydraulic head |
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(v^2)/2g + z + p/(ρg) |
Bernoullis law |
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Perched water table |
Aquifer that is on top of an impermeable layer, below which another aquifer is situated |
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Artesian aquifer |
A confined aquifer where the ground surface is below the potentiometric surface |
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Absolute porosity, n |
Ratio of total void volume to total volume of soil/rock sample |
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Effective/open porosity n_e |
Ratio of the connected/effective pore volume to the total volume of the medium. Including dead end pores. |
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Kinematic porosity |
The volume fraction thst participates in the water flow process. Excluding dead end pores. |
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Saturation of fluid phase |
S_w = V_w/(V_w + V_g) |
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Saturation of gas phase |
S_g = V_g/(V_w + V_g) |
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REV |
Representative elementary volume |
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Darcy's law |
Q = - KiA |
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Hydraulic gradient, i |
Δh/Δx |
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Specific discharge, q |
Q/A = - Ki |
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Effective velocity, v_e |
q/n_e = - Ki/n_e = Q/(A*n_e) |
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Transmittivity, T |
Km where m =aquifer depth |
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Hydraulic conductivity, K |
k*(ϱ_w*g)/µ_w Where k depends on the medium and the rest of parameters are fluid properties. Describes how easily a fluid travels through the medium. |
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Homogeneous K |
K independent of position where sample is taken. K(x,y,z) constant |
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Heterogeneous K |
K varies in space, K(x,y,z)≠ constant |
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Isotropic K |
K independent of direction |
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Anisotropic K |
K is dependent on direction, e.g. in stratified soils |
