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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the subdivisions of the Cerebrum?
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Prosencephalon
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What are the subdivisions of the prosencephalon?
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1. telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres)
2. diencephalon |
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What are the subdivisions of the brain stem?
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1. Mesencephalon
2. Rhombencephalon |
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What are the subdivisions the rhombencephalon?
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1. metencephalon
2. myelencephalon |
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What cavity is associated with the telencephalon?
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Lateral ventricle
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What cavity is associated w/ the diencephalon?
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3rd ventricle
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What structures arise from the diencephalon?
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1. Thalamus
2. Subthalamus 3. Hypothalamus 4. Epithalamus |
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What structures arise from the telencephalon?
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(cerebral hemispheres)
1. Cortex 2. White matter 3. Basal ganglia 4. limbic system 5. Olfactory system |
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What structures arise from the mesencephalon?
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Midbrain
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What cavity Is associated with the mesencephalon?
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Cerebral Aqueduct
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What structures arise from the rhombencephalon?
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1. Metencephalon
2. Myelencephalon |
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What cavity is associated with the rhombencephalon?
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4th ventricle
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What structures arise from the metencephalon?
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1. Pons
2. Cerebellum |
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What structures arise from the myelencephalon?
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Medulla
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What is the clinical definition of the brain stem?
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1. Midbrain
2. Pons 3. Medulla (NOT the cerebellum) |
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What is the area indicated by the squiggles?
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The Cortex
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What is the definition of the cortex?
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The surface of the cerebral hemispheres
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What is a Gyrus?
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A fold in the brain
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What is a sulcus?
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An intervening groove in the brain
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Who are we?
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Purple = Frontal lobe
Yellow = Temporal lobe Grey = Parietal lobe Orange = Occipital lobe |
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Where are the cell bodies of neurons w/in the brain?
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In the cortex
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Where is the "grey matter" of the brain?
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In the cortex
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Where is the "white matter" of the brain?
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In subcortical regions
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What is the white matter?
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Myelinated axons of neurons
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What is the difference b/e a sulcus and a fissure?
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A fissure divides the large components of the brain
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What is the inferior boundary of the frontal lobe?
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The lateral or "sylvian" fissure
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What is the posterior border of the frontal lobe?
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The central sulcus
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What region of the brain is located in the precentral gyrus?
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Primary motor cortex
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Where is the precentral gyrus?
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Anterior to the primary motor cortex
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What is the function of the primary motor cortex?
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Responsible for the execution of voluntary movement
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What are the squiggles?
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Red = Superior frontal gyrus
Blue = middle frontal gyrus Green = inferior frontal gyrus purple = precentral gyrus |
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What neurons does the middle frontal gyrus contain?
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The saccadic gaze center (or frontal eye fields) which is responsible for fast (saccadic) horizontal eye movements.
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What neurons does the inferior frontal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere contain?
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Contains the motor or expressive language area (Broca's area) of the brain.
*dominant hemisphere is usually the left hemisphere in right handed people |
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Who am I? What is my function?
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Corpus Callosum; Connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres.
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What does the medial surface of the frontal lobe lie on?
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Lies on the corpus callosum
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What is the area of the frontal lobe that lies on the corpus callosum?
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The cingulate gyrus which makes up the medial surface of the frontal lobe
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What makes up the corpus callosum?
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Millions of myelinated nerve fibers
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What is the paracentral lobule?
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The cortex around the medial aspect of the central sulcus; which includes the medial portions of the pre-central and post-central gyruses
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What does the inferior surface of the frontal lobe lie on?
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Lies on the orbital frontal bone
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What neurons does the inferior surface of the frontal lobe contain?
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The olfactory bulb and tract
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What neurons are located near the medial margin of the inferior surface of the frontal lobe?
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The olfactory bulb and tract
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Where is the gyrus rectus?
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Lies medial to the olfactory sulcus
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What lies anterior to the lateral surface of the parietal lobe?
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Central sulcus
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Where is the post-central gyrus? what neurons are located inside it? What do they do?
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The post-central gyrus is located posterior to the central sulcus and contains the primary somatosensory cortex which receives most of the sensory information from the body.
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What is the posterior border of the lateral surface of the parietal lobe?
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The parieto-occipital sulcus
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What lies inferior to the lateral surface of the parietal lobe?
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The Sylvian or lateral fissure
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What does the posterior parietal lobe consist of?
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A superior and inferior parietal lobule
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What do the superior and inferior parietal lobules contain?
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The supramarginal gyrus and the angular gyrus
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Where is the supramarginal gyrus located specifically?
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Around the most posterior portion of the sylvian fissure.
*red in the picture |
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Where is the angular gyrus located?
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Just posterior to the supramarginal gyrus
*green in the pic. |
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What neurons do the supramarginal gyrus and the angular gyrus contain in the dominant hemisphere?
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The receptive language area (Wernicke's area); which is necessary for the perception and interpretation of spoken and written language.
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What is the posterior portion of the medial surface of the parietal lobe?
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The postcentral gyrus
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Where is the precuneous located
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B/e the paracentral lobule and the parieto-occipital sulcus
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What is the superior border of the lateral surface of the temporal lobe?
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The sylvian (lateral) fissure
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What gyri does the lateral surface of the temporal lobe contain?
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The superior, middle and inferior temporal gyruses
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What forms the floor of the sylvian fissure?
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The superior temporal gyrus
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What lies on the inner surface of the superior temporal gyrus?
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Heschl's gyrus
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What is the function of Heschl's gyrus?
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The primary auditory cortex (sense of hearing).
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Where is the most important part of the language receptive cortex (Wernicke's area) located?
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In the superior temporal gyrus
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Who are we?
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Red = Broca's motor or expressive speech area
Grey = Wernicke's area |
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What gyrus does the medial portion of the temporal lobe consist of?
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The parahippocampal gyrus
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What is the most medial portion of the parahippocampal gyrus?
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The uncus
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What is the function of the uncus?
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A major part of the primary olfactory cortex (sense of smell)
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Where would a seizure have originated if the patient experiences a foul smelling odor as the first symptom?
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The uncus
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If a patient has increased intracranial pressure from a subdermal hematoma what symptom could be caused by compression of the uncus?
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CNIII palsy from compression by the already compressed uncus. This would cause abnormalities in eye movements.
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Who are we?
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Pink = CN III (oculomotor nerve)
Black = Uncus Orange = Parahippocampal gyrus |
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Brrraaaaaiiiiinnnnsssss.....
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What separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe?
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The parieto-occipital sulcus
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What sulcus lies on the the medial surface of the occipital lobe?
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The calcarine sulcus
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What does the calcarine sulcus do?
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Separates the cuneus from the lingula
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What lies superior to the calcarine sulcus?
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The cuneous
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What lies inferior the calcarine sulcus?
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The lingula
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What is the cortex around the calcarine sulcus?
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The primary visual cortex (striate cortex) which receives visual pathways from the retina known as optic radiations.
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What does the inferior surface of the occipital lobe rest on?
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The cerebellar tentorium, which is a reflection of the dura.
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Where are the insular and limbic lobes located? what are they derived from?
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On the medial surface of the brain and are derived from the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes.
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What is the insular lobe?
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The portion of the cortex that lies buried w/in the sylvian fissure.
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Insular lobe
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What area of the brain can only be observed by spreading apart the frontal, parietal and temporal opercula?
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The insular lobe
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What Sy would pts with acute infarction of the insular lobe have?
*especially on the right side |
Cardiac complications such as atrial fibrillation and other arrhythmias.
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Where do ascending pain pathways that relay through the thalamus transmit nociceptive (pain related) signals to?
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Both the anterior cingulate gyrus and to the insula.
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What regions of the brain are responsible for the placebo effect?
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The anterior cingulate gyrus, the insula and the amygdala
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What is located in the anterior portion of the insula?
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The insular taste cortex
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