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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Branchiogenic Carcinoma. Define.
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Branchiogenic Carcinoma can lead to?
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Horner syndrome, Dysphagia, Hoarsness, paralysis of the diaphragm, Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
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What are the upper and lower limits of the trachea?
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Lower border of C6 ( Cricoid Cartilege) to the Sternal angle ( IV Disc T4-T5) where it bifurcates into the main bronchi.
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What is the carina and what is its clinical significance?
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ridge separating main bronchi at their opening with trachea. distorted and widened with bronchiogenic carcinoma.
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Aspirated foreign bodies are most likely to end up here.
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Through the right main bronchi to the middle or lower lobe.
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What are the lobes of the right and left lung?
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Right Lung - Inferior Lobe, Middle Lobe and superior lobe
Left Lung - Superior Lobe and Inferior Lobe |
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What are the main blood vessels supplying and draining lungs?
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Bronchial arteries from the thoracic aorta, bronchial veins drainage to the azygous system of veins. Brochomediastinal lymph nodes.
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Describe the nerve supply to the lungs.
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Sympathetic efferent fibers:T1-T4 intermidiolateral nerve, sympathetic trunk produces bronchodilatation.
Parasympathetic nerves : dorsal vagus, imramural produce broncho constriction. Afferent impulses through dorsal root of T1-T4 |
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Where is the apex of the lung?
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2.5 cm above the medial and middle thirds of the clavicle
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Classify the parietal pleura.
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Cervical, Costal, Diaphragmatic and Mediastinal Pleura
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Describe visceral pleura.
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completely covers the external surfaces of the lungs and extends to the depths of the fissures.
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Describe pneumothorax and the difference between open and spontaneous.
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The entry of air into the pleural cavity causing lung collapse.
Spontaneous - partial collapse of the lung due to rupture of blebs on the lung surface or piercing of the lung. Open - stab wound of the thoracic wall which pierce the parietal pleura so that the cavity is open to the outside, also called a sucking wound. |
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What is Hydrothorax and when can it occur?
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Accumulation of fluids in the pleural cavity secondary to inflammation, malignancy, congestive heart failure
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Describe Hemothorax and Pyothorax.
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Hemothorax - accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity.
Pyothorax - accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity |
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Which is sensitive to pain? Parietal pleura or visceral pleura.
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Parietal pleura.
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What is Thoracocentisis and where should it be performed?
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Insertion of a needle into the pleural cavity to remove air, blood or other fluids.
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