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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what nerves supplies the anterior abdominal wall?
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T7, 8, 9, 10, 11
T12 - innervates region above pubis with L1 |
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why is the body (centrum) of vertebrae from T6 down flattened?
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descending aorta
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what is a laminectomy?
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cutting away the spinal processes at the laminae (which connect spinous processes to pedicles) to gain access to the spinal cord
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what is formed by vertebral foramina?
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vertebral canal
(pathway for spinal cord) |
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what is formed by vertebral notches?
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intervertebral foramina
(exit points for spinal nerves) |
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what is a costa?
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rib + cartilage
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when do the ribs ossify?
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begins - 9th prenatal week (spreads in both directions)
finished - by year 24 (epiphyses capping head and tubercle fuse) |
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what are the classes of ribs?
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R1-7 - vertebrosternal
R8-10 - vertebrochondral R11, 12 - vertebral (floating) |
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with what does the head of a rib articulate?
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sides of bodies of vertebrae at same and superior levels (except 1, 11, 12)
intervertebral disc via intraarticular ligament (except 1, 11, 12) |
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with what does the articulating tubercle of a rib articulate?
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transverse process of same vertebra
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what is the costotransverse joint?
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synovial joint between the articulating tubercle of a rib and the transverse process of the vertebra at the same level
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what are the ligaments involved in a costotransverse joint?
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medial costotransverse ligament (neck)
lateral costotransverse ligament (tubercle) superior costotransverse ligament (superior transverse process to crest of inferior rib) |
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what is the sternocostal articulation?
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joint between ribs and sternum
divided in two by intraarticular ligament and closed ventrally by ligament radiating from perichondrium to sternum |
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what are interchondral joints?
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joints between costal cartilages of ribs 7, 8, and 9
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what structures are at the same level as the sternal angle (of Louis)?
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2nd rib
T4, T5 vertebrae carina of trachea aorta (crossing from right to left) |
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what intercostal space is used for listening to aortic and pulmonary valves?
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second intercostal space
right - aortic valve left - pulmonary valve |
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what results from the failure of the bilateral sternal bars to fuse?
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hole in body of sternum
or bifid xiphisternum |
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when do the 4 fused sternebrae fuse?
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3rd trimester of uterine life
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what muscles attach to the body of the sternum?
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pectoralis major
transversus thoracis |
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what muscles attach to the manubrium?
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pectoralis major
sternocleidomastoid sternohyoid sternothyroid |
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at what dermatome is the xiphoid process?
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6th thoracic dermatome on anterior surface of body
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what is the thoracic inlet?
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superior thoracic aperture
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what is the thoracic outlet?
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inferior thoracic aperture
closed by diaphragm |
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at what spinal level does the inferior vena cava pierce the diaphragm?
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T8
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at what spinal level does the esophagus pierce the diaphragm?
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T10
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at what spinal level does the descending aorta pierce the diaphragm?
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T12
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what innervates the diaphragm?
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phrenic nerves (C3, 4, 5)
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what is a pentaplegic?
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paralysis of all four limbs, with involvement of the diaphragm
(lesion affecting C3, 4, 5) |
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what is the action of the external intercostals?
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inspiration
project inferiorly in a posterior to anterior direction; replaced in front by external intercostal membrane |
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what is the action of the internal intercostals?
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expiration
project superiorly in a posterior to anterior direction; replaced in back by internal intercostal membrane |
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in what group of intercostals is the transversus thoracis included?
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innermost intercostals
arixes from back of sternum and xipoid process inserts into costochondral junction from R3-R6 bridge more than one intercostal space |
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where does the neurovascular bundle, including intercostal vein, artery, and nerve, lie?
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between internal intercostals and innermost intercostals
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what is innervated by the dorsal rami of intercostal nerves?
the ventral rami? |
dorsal - back muscles between angle of ribs and spinous processes (cutaneous branches to overlying skin)
ventral - intercostal musculature, periosteum of ribs, skin of thorax |
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from where do the posterior intercostal arteries branch?
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first two - costocervical trunk
others - thoracic aorta |
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into where do the posterior intercostal veins drain?
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right azygous vein (from right side)
left hemiazygous vein (from lower left side) brachiocephalic vein (upper left side) |
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from where do anterior intercostal arteries branch?
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internal thoracic artery
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into where do the anterior intercostal veins drain?
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internal thoracic vein
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where do the anterior and posterior intercostal vessels anastomose?
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in the intercostal spaces around the midclavicular line
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from where does the internal thoracic artery branch?
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subclavian artery
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what are the terminal branches of the internal thoracic artery?
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superior epigastric artery
musculophrenic artery divides around xiphisternal joint |
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where are does the internal thoracic artery send branches?
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anterior intercostal arteries
thymus bronchi pericardium superior epigastric musculophrenic |
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where does the superior epigastric artery go?
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enters the rectus sheath inferiorly
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from where does the superior epigastric artery branch?
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internal thoracic artery
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where does the musculophrenic artery go?
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follows attachment of diaphragm to ribs
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from where does the musculophrenic artery branch?
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internal thoracic artery
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what lymph nodes drain the anterior region of the chest and the medial aspect of the breast?
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parasternal lymph nodes
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