Gross Anatomy: Thoracic Limb

Front 1

sternum
greater tubercle of humerus

adduct the limb

Back 1

superficial pectorals

Front 2

sternum
lesser tubercle of humerus

limb is planted = move trunk cranially
limb is not supporting weight = draw the limb caudally & flex the shoulder, to adduct the limb

Back 2

deep pectorals

Front 3

cleidobrachialis- distal cranial humerus
cleidocephalicus- occipital & temporal bone

extend the shoulder (advance the limb), draw the neck and head to the side

Back 3

brachiocephalicus

Front 4

occipital & temporal bone
sternum

draw the head & neck to the side

Back 4

sternocephalicus

Front 5

spine of scapula
transverse wing of the atlas

advance the limb, flex the neck laterally

Back 5

omotransversarius

Front 6

2 parts: Cervical & Thoracic
median raphe of neck
spine of scapula

elevate & abduct the limb

Back 6

trapezius

Front 7

3 parts: Capitis, Cervicis, Thoracis
occipital bone
dorsal border of scapula
thoracic vertebrae

elevate the limb, hold scapula to trunk

Back 7

rhomboideus

Front 8

2 parts: cervicis & thoracis
cervical vertebrae
ribs
serrated face of scapula

hold scapula to the trunk

Back 8

serratus ventralis

Front 9

spine & acromial process of the scapula
deltoid tuberosity

flex the shoulder

Back 9

deltoideus

Front 10

lumbar & thoracic vertebrae
teres major tuberosity of the humerus

flex the shoulder (draw the limb caudally - digging)

Back 10

latissimus dorsi

Front 11

between the tendon of insertion of the infraspinatus muscle and the greater tubercle of the humerus

Back 11

subtendinous synovial bursa

Front 12

infraspinous fossa
greater tubercle of the humerus

flex and extend the shoulder, abduct the limb, rotate the shoulder laterally

Back 12

infraspinatus

Front 13

infraglenoid tubercle, caudal border of the scapula
teres minor tuberosity of the humerus

flex the shoulder, rotate the shoulder laterally

Back 13

teres minor

Front 14

supraspinous fossa
greater tubercle of the humerus

extend the shoulder

Back 14

supraspinatus

Front 15

subscapular fossa
lesser tubercle of the humerus

extend the shoulder, adduct the limb, rotate the shoulder medially

Back 15

subscapularis

Front 16

caudal border of the scapula
teres major tuberosity

flex the shoulder, rotate the shoulder medially

Back 16

teres major

Front 17

coracoid process of the scapula
lesser tubercle of the humerus

extend the shoulder, adduct the limb

Back 17

coracobrachialis

Front 18

fascia on the latissimus dorsi
olecranon

extend the elbow

Back 18

tensor fascia antebrachii

Front 19

caudal border of the scapula
olecranon tuber

flex the shoulder, extend the elbow

Back 19

long head of the triceps brachii

Front 20

tricipital line of the humerus
olecranon tuber

extend the elbow

Back 20

lateral head of the triceps brachii

Front 21

neck of the humerus (crest of the lesser tubercle near the teres major tuberosity)
olecranon tuber

extend the elbow

Back 21

accessory head of the triceps

Front 22

lesser tubercle of the humerus
olecranon

extend the elbow

Back 22

medial head of the triceps brachii

Front 23

lateral supracondylar crest
lateral & medial epicondyles of the humerus
olecranon

extend the elbow

Back 23

anconeus

Front 24

supraglenoid tubercle
ulnar & radial tuberosities

extend the shoulder, flex the elbow

Back 24

biceps brachii

Front 25

proximal lateral humerus
ulnar & radial tuberosities

flex the elbow

Back 25

brachialis

Front 26

lateral supracondylar crest
DORSAL surface base of metacarpal 2 & 3

extend the carpus

Back 26

extensor carpi radialis

Front 27

lateral epicondyle of the humerus
extensor processes of distal phalanges 2-5

extend the carpus, extend digits 2-5

Back 27

common digital extensor

Front 28

lateral epicondyle of the humerus
extensor processes of distal phalanges 3-5

extends the carpus, extend digits 3-5

Back 28

lateral digital extensor

Front 29

lateral epicondyle of the humerus
accessory carpal bone
proximal metacarpal 5

abduct the carpal joint

Back 29

ulnaris lateralis

Front 30

lateral epicondyle of the humerus
cranial proximal radius

supinate flex the elbow

Back 30

supinator

Front 31

cranial ulna
proximal metacarpal 1

abduct 1st digit (pollex), extend the carpal joints

Back 31

abductor pollicus longus

Front 32

medial epicondyle of the humerus
proximal radius

pronate (rotate the forearm medially, flex the elbow

Back 32

pronator teres

Front 33

medial epicondyle of the humerus
PALMAR surface base of metacarpals 2 & 3

flex the carpus

Back 33

flexor carpi radialis

Front 34

medial epicondyle of the humerus
palmar surface base of middle phalanges 2-5

flex the carpal joints, flex the first 2 joints of the digits

Back 34

superficial digital flexor

Front 35

ulnar head = olecranon
humeral head = medial epicondyle of the humerus
both = accessory carpal bone

flex the carpus

Back 35

flexor carpi ulnaris

Front 36

medial epicondyle of the humerus
flexor tubercles of distal phalanges 2-5

flex the carpus and digits

Back 36

deep digital flexor

Front 37

radius & ulna

pronate paw

Back 37

pronator quadratus