Gross Anatomy Test 1.2

Front 1

what types of cells do muscles consist of

Back 1

contractile

Front 2

muscles give ___ to the body and provides___

Back 2

form, heat

Front 3

name the three types of muscles and if they are striated of not

Back 3

1) skeletal (striated)

2)cardiac (striated)

3) smooth (non striated)

Front 4

how much of your total body weight is compromised of muscle

Back 4

43%

Front 5

muscles have two attachments, what are they called

Back 5

origin (least moveable and usually proximal)

insertion (more moveable and usually distal)

Front 6

by what system are the muscles controlled

Back 6

somatic nervous system

Front 7

muscles can only contract and pull things together (t/F)

Back 7

true

Front 8

in this class what type of muscle are we mainly dealing with

Back 8

skeletal

Front 9

describe how skeletal muscle is made up

Back 9

long , large, unbranched, cylindrical fibers

transverse sections arranged paralll

Front 10

fibers are bound together by what?

Back 10

connective tissue

Front 11

what is the functional unit of a muscle

Back 11

motor unit

Front 12

do muscles produce movement by shortening or lengtingin

Back 12

short

Front 13

name the three types of contractions

Back 13

1)isometric

2)concentric

3)eccentric

Front 14

define an isometric contraction

Back 14

muscle remains same length, muscle force matches the load, no movement

Front 15

define concentric contraction

Back 15

muscle shortens as it contracts

Front 16

define eccentric contraction

Back 16

also known as controlled relaxation, the force generated is insufficient to overcome the external load on the muscle

Front 17

the prime movers of muscles, also knows as what , do what

Back 17

agonists, they are the main muslces activated during a specific movement

Front 18

what does the antagonist do

Back 18

opposes the action of the prime movers

Front 19

what is a synergist

Back 19

complement the action of the prime movers

Front 20

what are fixators

Back 20

steady the proximal part of a limb while the distal parts are moving

Front 21

what are the ways to test skeletal muscle

Back 21

1. examiner attempts to move

2. examiner adds resitance

Front 22

in order for a muscle to exert maximum force, the joint should be positioned so that the muscle length is near this optimum

Back 22

fact

Front 23

name the two shapes of skeletal muscles

Back 23

1)pennate

2)parallel

Front 24

describe pennate style muscles

Back 24

featherlike arrangement, short and generate a long of power

Front 25

describe parallel fibers

Back 25

fibers set up to pull, they are long fibers that work best for speed and for long durations, however not great for power

Front 26

name the structures associated with skeletal fibers

Back 26

tendons, aponeuroses, synovial tendon sheaths, bursae

Front 27

define tendons,

Back 27

fibrous bands of dense tissue that attach muscles to bone or muscle to muscle

Front 28

what is a aponeuroses

Back 28

flat tendon that connects muscle to bone or muscle

Front 29

what are synovial tendon sheaths

Back 29

tubular sacs wrapped around tendons

Front 30

what is a bursae

Back 30

sac of synovial membrane that facilitate movemet by minimizing friction

Front 31

what muscle is useful for climbing, rowing and swimming

Back 31

lat dorsi

Front 32

which muscle is called the boxers muscles

Back 32

serratus anterior

Front 33

what muscles elevate the scapula

Back 33

superior fibers of trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor

Front 34

which muscles depress the scapula

Back 34

pec minor, serratus anterior , trapezius inferior part

Front 35

which muscles deal with protraction of scapula

Back 35

pec minor and serratus anterior

Front 36

what muscles deal with the retraction of the scapulaq

Back 36

rhomboids, trapezius middle, lat dorsi

Front 37

what muscles deal with the superior movement/glenoid fassa

Back 37

serratus anterior, trapezious superior and inferior

Front 38

injury of what nerves affect abduction of the arm

Back 38

axillary, suprascapular, and c5 c6 segments

Front 39

what muscles are included in rotator cuff

Back 39

(SITS) supraspinatur, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Front 40

what is the main function of the rotator cuff muscles

Back 40

hold the head of humerous in glenoid cavity

Front 41

what are main muscle actions for flexion of glenohumeral

Back 41

1. pec major (deltoid)

Front 42

extension of glenohumeral

Back 42

1. lat dorsi (posterior deltoing

Front 43

abduction of glenohumeral

Back 43

deltoid (supraspinatus)

Front 44

adduction of glenohumeral

Back 44

lat dorsi and pec major (teres major)

Front 45

medial rotation of glenohumeral

Back 45

subscapularis and teres major (pec major, ant delt, lat dorsi)

Front 46

lateral rotation of glenohumeral

Back 46

infraspinatus and teres minor (posterior deltoid)