Gross Anatomy Test 1

Front 1

what is anatomy

Back 1

the study of the structures of the body

Front 2

anatomy is divided into 5 subjects what are the two we are studying

Back 2

gross anatomy and radiographic anatomy

Front 3

what is radiographic anatomy

Back 3

x-rays, its a transillumination of the body by high penetrating beams

Front 4

MRI's measure and do what

Back 4

distinguish soft tissue, ligaments, and muscles

Front 5

Define anatomical position

Back 5

upright, thumbs laterally out, and feet together

Front 6

explain and define the types of anatomical planes

Back 6

1. coronal

2. Saggital

3. Median

4. Tansverse

Front 7

Be able to define proximal, distal

Back 7

use body

Front 8

anterior is to ..... as posterior is to...

Back 8

ventral, dorsal

Front 9

Define unilateral, ipsilateral, bilateral, and contralateral

Back 9

1) one side

2)same side

3)both sides

4)opposite sides

Front 10

flexion and extension occur on what plane

Back 10

saggital

Front 11

what plane does abduction adduction occur

Back 11

coronal

Front 12

what plane does lateral and medial rotation occur

Back 12

transverse

Front 13

what plane does subination and pronation occur

Back 13

transverse

Front 14

in terms of flexion and extension the beginning point is what degress and what is the end

Back 14

beginning is 180, ending is less than 180

Front 15

name the 5 functions of bones

Back 15

1. protect vital organs

2. structural support of body

3. levers for muscles to produce movement

4. resovoir for calcium and phosphorous

5. marrow where blood cells are formed

Front 16

name the two types of bones

Back 16

1. spongy

2. compact

Front 17

spongy bone is made of what two things

Back 17

trabecular and cancellous

Front 18

compact is what kind of bone

Back 18

compact and dense

Front 19

what is medullary bone

Back 19

the marrow cavity

Front 20

give examples of long bone

Back 20

humerous, phalanges and clavice

Front 21

give examples of short bone

Back 21

tarsals and carpals

Front 22

give examples of flat bones

Back 22

ribs, sternum, and cranial valut bonesq

Front 23

what are some irregular bones

Back 23

vertebrae and sphenoid

Front 24

what are some sesamoid bones

Back 24

patella , because they develop with the tendons

Front 25

what are some pneumatic bones

Back 25

mastoid part of temporal bone, paranl sinus

Front 26

what are some accessory bones

Back 26

in foot

Front 27

what is a bone

Back 27

living tissue

Front 28

what is the process of ossification

Back 28

process of bone formation

Front 29

what is osteoblast

Back 29

bone forming cells

Front 30

what is an osteocyte

Back 30

bone cells

Front 31

osteoclasts

Back 31

bone resorption cells, happens when you live sedentary life, eat away at bones

Front 32

what is a chondrocyte

Back 32

cartilage cells

Front 33

what is a chondroblast

Back 33

cartilage forming cells

Front 34

name the two ossifications that bones go through for bone development

Back 34

intramembranous and endochondal

Front 35

intramembranous ossification also knows as... ossification goes through what process

Back 35

1) direct

2) mesenchyme to bone... it is a rapid process

Front 36

define endochondral ossification

Back 36

also known as indirect, it is slower, and it goes from mesenchyme to cartilage to bone

Front 37

when does primary ossification occur in endochondral ossification

Back 37

between 7 and 12 weeks of life

Front 38

blood vessles invade in the middle of endochondral ossification to do what

Back 38

give bone nutrients and oxygen

Front 39

when does the secondary center of ossification occur and what does that mean

Back 39

it occurs after birth, and it is when the cartilage is gone

Front 40

where does the diaphysis grow?

Back 40

it grows in the region of the growth plate

Front 41

where does the metaphysis grow

Back 41

it grow by the proliferation of cartilage

Front 42

what is the process called when bone replaces cartiglege at the growth plate and the growth ceases and the diaphysis fuses with the epiphysis

Back 42

synostosis

Front 43

how many years earlier does fusion occur for women over males

Back 43

1 to 2 years

Front 44

why don't bones have cells at the ends to produce growth

Back 44

because need joints at all times, can damage growing tissue, and bone must be capable to supporting loads

Front 45

the upper limb is divided into what

Back 45

shoulder arm elbow forearm wrist hand

Front 46

when the clavicle is fractured what happens

Back 46

the sternocleidomastoid muscle pulls medial part superiorly and the later part droops