Gross Anatomy Posterior Cervical Triangle

Front 1

definition of the neck

Back 1

constriction that connects the structures of the head and the trunk
-surrounded by a musculofascial collar

Front 2

neck divided into compartments by fascia

Back 2

1- vertebral compartment
2-neuro-vascualr compartment
3- visceral compartment

Front 3

whats in the visceral compartment of the neck

Back 3

1- pharynx
2- larynx
3- espohagus
4- trachea
5- thyroid
6- parathoyroid glands

Front 4

superior boundaries of the neck

Back 4

1- mandibular symphysis
2- body and angle of the mandible
3- mastoid process
4- occipital bone

Front 5

inferior boundary of the neck

Back 5

1- superior thoracic aperature
-suprasternal (jugular) notch
- first rib (covered anteriorly by clavicle)
- junction between C7 and T1

Front 6

triangles of the neck

Back 6

1- posterior triangle
2- anterior triangle

Front 7

boundaries of the posterior triangle

Back 7

1- anterior = post of the sternoclidomastoid m.
2- post= trap m.
3- inferior = middle third of the clavicle

Front 8

skeletal landmark of the post triangle

Back 8

1- transverse process of the cervical vert.

Front 9

boundaries of the ant triangle

Back 9

1- post= anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid m.
2- ant= midline of the neck
3- sup= info border of the mandible

Front 10

skeletal and other land marks of the ant triangle

Back 10

1- hyoid bone
2- thyroid catilage
- thyroid notch- v shaped
- laryngeal prominence
- lamina of thyroid catrilage
3- cricoid cartilage
4- rings of the trachea
5- thyroid gland

Front 11

what structure is at verebral level C3

Back 11

hyoid bone

Front 12

whats at verebral level between C3 and C4

Back 12

bifurcation of the common carotid a.

Front 13

whats at the vertebral level C4 and C5

Back 13

thyroid cartilage

Front 14

whats at the verterbral level C6

Back 14

- cricoid cartilage
- beginning of esophgus
- beggining of trachea
- vertebral a. enters transvers foramen

Front 15

whats at vertebral level C7

Back 15

1- isthmus of the thyroid gland
2- highest point of the thoracic duct

Front 16

superficial structures of the neck

Back 16

-skin
- platysma muscle
- cutaneous nerve from cervical plexus
- superficial veins
- investing fascia

Front 17

platysma muscle

Back 17

- muscle of facial expression
- contained within the superficial fascia

Front 18

origin of the platysma m

Back 18

fascia covering superior part of pectoralis major muscle (over second rib )

Front 19

insertion of platysma m

Back 19

perioral musculature associated with the lower lip and lower margin of the mandible

Front 20

innervation of the platysma m

Back 20

cervical branch of the facial nerve

Front 21

cutaneous nerves from cervical plexus

Back 21

ventral rami of C1-C4
- afferent fibers
- postganglionic sympathetic fibers

Front 22

branches of the cutaneous nerves from the cervical plexus

Back 22

- supraclavicular n.
- transverse cervical n.
- great auricular n.
-lesser occipital n.

Front 23

superficial veins

Back 23

- external jugular v
-common fascial v
-anterior jugular v

Front 24

the external jugular vein is fomed by

Back 24

the union of the posterior division of the retromandbular vein and the posterior auricular vein

Front 25

the retromandubular vein lies

Back 25

behind or retro to the ramus of the mandible and lies under the cover of the parotid gland

Front 26

the retromandubluar vein is formed by

Back 26

the union of the superficial temporal vein and the maxillry vein.

Front 27

the superficial temporal and the maxiallary vein drain

Back 27

the superficial temporal region and structures deep to the face, respectively

Front 28

near the inferior border of the mandible the retromandibular vein does what

Back 28

divides into an anterior and posterior division

Front 29

the posterior division of the retro mandibular vein joins

Back 29

with the auricular vein , which drains the region around the ear , to form the external jugular vein

Front 30

the external jugular vein crosses

Back 30

superficially oveer the sternoclliedomastoid m and penetrates the fascia on the roof of the post triangle of the neck . the blood vessel passes deep to the clavicle to drain into the subclavian vein

Front 31

the common facial vein

Back 31

-the anterior division of the retromandibular v combines with the facial v. which drains the far, to form the common facial v

Front 32

the common facial vein passes

Back 32

deep to the sternocleidomastoid m to empty into the internal jugular v

Front 33

anterior jugular v course

Back 33

vein starts in the submental region, courses inferiorly , and tavles deep to the sternocleidomastoid m tp empty into the external jugular v.

Front 34

the anterior jugular v may have what

Back 34

a communicting branch with the common fascial vein

Front 35

the anterior jugula veins communicate where

Back 35

in the suprasternal space forming the jugular venous arch

Front 36

investing fascia is

Back 36

deep fascia that surrounds the neck

Front 37

investing fascia extent

Back 37

-encloses trap m post.
-forms roof of post cerv. triangle
-encloses sternocleidomastoid m
-covers the ant cervical triangle

*** this forms the roof of the posterior triangle ***

Front 38

boundaries, origin and insertion of the anterior part of the post triangle

Back 38

-sternocleidomastoid m
origin - sternal and clavicular heads
insertion- mastoid process

Front 39

boundaries, origin and insertion of the posterior part of the post triangle

Back 39

- trapezius m
-origin- external occipital protuberance
insertion- spine of scapula and lateral third of clavicle

Front 40

boundaries of the inferior part of the post triangle

Back 40

- middle third of the clavicle

Front 41

subsidiary triangles of the post triangle

Back 41

divided into two triangles by the inferior belly of the omohyoid m

1- suprclavicular triangle
2-occipital triangle

Front 42

origin and insertion of the omohyoid m

Back 42

origin - upper boarder of scapula
insertion- hyoid bone

intermediate tendon passes through a fascial sling attaching it to the clavicle

Front 43

surpclavicular triangle bounded by

Back 43

1-clavicle
2-inferior belly of the omohyoid
3-sternocleidomastoid

Front 44

occipital triangle bounded by

Back 44

1- sternocleidomastoid
2-inferior belly of the omohyoid
3- trapezius

Front 45

muscles of the floor of the post triangle

Back 45

(prevertebral fascia is here too )

1- anterior scalene
2-middle scalene
3- posterior scalene
4- levator scapulae

Front 46

contents of the posterior triangle

Back 46

1- subclavian vessels and branches
2- transverse cervical artery
3-suprascauplar artery
4- trunks of the brachial plexus and branches
5-spinal accessory or cranial neve XI

Front 47

_____- is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk of subclavian artery

Back 47

transverse cervical artery

Front 48

transvers artery generally divides into two branches and where do they course

Back 48

- superficial branch passes out to the posterior triangle underneath the trapezius muslce which it supplies
- deep branch exits the triangle by passing between the post scalene and levator scapule muscle and supplies the muscles of the back

Front 49

the deep branch of the transverse artery may arise seperatly off the _______ of the subclavian artery as the _______ and passes through the ________to reach the levator scapulae m

Back 49

second or third portion , dorsal scapular , brachial plexus

Front 50

a typical transverse cervical artery with its two branches may be present in addition to

Back 50

the dorsal scapular artery

Front 51

common variations of the transvere cervicle artery may vary form

Back 51

one side of the body to the other

Front 52

the suprascapular artery is a branch of what and passes how

Back 52

is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk . passed deep along the border of the clavicle and passes over the superior border of the scapula to reach muscles associated with the shoulder

Front 53

the brachial plexus is composed of

Back 53

the ventral primary rami of cervical nerves C5 , C8 and T1

Front 54

roots trunks divisions and cords of the brachial plexus

Back 54

roots - venrtal primary rami
trunks- upper, middle and lower formed by fusion of roots
divisons- trunks divide into anterior and posterior divisions
cords- medial, lateral and posterior cords formed by confluence of the divisions

Front 55

branches of brachial plexus in the posterior cervicle triangle

Back 55

1- long thoracic nerve
2-dorsal scapular nerve
3- suprascapular nerve
4- subclavius nerve

Front 56

arises from roots C5,C6, and C7 and passes though the middle scalene muslce and courses inferiorly to the serratus anterior

Back 56

long thoracic nerve

Front 57

arises from the roots of C5 and pierces middle scalene m. to reach rhomboids and levator scapulae

Back 57

dorsal scapular nerve

Front 58

arise from the upper trunk of the branches inthe post triangle

Back 58

- suprascapular (innervates some of the muscles attached to the scapula)
- nerve to the subclavius

Front 59

cervical compnents of the spinal accessorry nerve ( cranial nerve XI)

Back 59

fibers travel superiorly through foramen magnum to join cranial components from the nucleus ambiguus and exits the skull through the jugular foramen

Front 60

cranial component of the spinal accessory nerve

Back 60

fibers actually join the vagus nerve to supply muscles of brachial arch origin

Front 61

spinal accessory fiber types , locations of cell bodies , and innervation

Back 61

types of fibers- efferent to skeletal muscle

location of cell bodies - accessory nucleus of the ventral grey of the cervical spinal cord

innervation - sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

Front 62

what comes out between middle and ant scalene muscles

Back 62

brachial plexus trunks

subclavian artery