Gross Anatomy Parotid Region And Deep Face

Front 1

what are the three processes of the zygomatic bone?

Back 1

frontal process
maxillary process
temporal process

Front 2

when does the right and left part of the body of the mandible fuse?

Back 2

2 years

Front 3

what holds the teeth?

Back 3

alveolar process of the mandible

Front 4

what passes through the mandibular foramen and canal?

Back 4

inferior alveolar nerve (V3) and vessels

Front 5

where does the sphenomandibular ligament attach?

Back 5

spina angularis of the sphenoid bone
lingula of mandibular foramen

Front 6

what forms the posterior part of the parotid bed?

Back 6

mastoid process
origin of SCM
origin of posterior belly of digastric muscle

Front 7

what forms the medial part of the parotid bed?

Back 7

styloid process
stylohyoid muscle

Front 8

what is medial to the parotid bed within the lateral pharyngeal space?

Back 8

styloglossus
stylopharyngeus

Front 9

what forms the anterior part of the parotid bed?

Back 9

sphenomandibular ligament
stylomandibular ligament
fascia of medial pterygoid
fascia of masseter

Front 10

what forms the superior part of the parotid bed?

Back 10

zygomatic arch

Front 11

what forms the inferior part of the parotid bed?

Back 11

posterior belly of the digastric muscle

Front 12

what envelops the parotid gland?

Back 12

deep cervical fascia

Front 13

to where does infection spread from the parotid fascia?

Back 13

lateral pharyngeal space

Front 14

with what does the lateral pharyngeal space communicate?

Back 14

retropharyngeal space

Front 15

where is the retropharyngeal space?

Back 15

between pharynx and prevertebral musculature

Front 16

what is between the visceral and prevertebral fasciae?

Back 16

carotid sheath

Front 17

what innervates the parotid gland?

Back 17

lesser petrosal branch of the IXth cranial nerve

Front 18

what type of nerve fibers are in the lesser petrosal branch of the IXth cranial nerve?

Back 18

parasympathetic (secretomotor)

Front 19

from where does the sympathetic innervation of the parotid gland originate?

Back 19

superior cervical ganglion via the arteries

Front 20

what is controlled by the sympathetic innervation of the parotid gland?

Back 20

fluid content of the saliva

Front 21

where do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the tympanic plexus of the middle ear enter the middle cranial fossa?

Back 21

hiatus on the anterior aspect of the petrous bone

Front 22

where do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the tympanic plexus run?

Back 22

through periosteal dura
exit through foramen ovale with V3

Front 23

where do preganglionic fibers from the tympanic plexus synapse?

Back 23

otic ganglion on medial aspect of V3

Front 24

what joins with the auriculotemporal nerve, in running to the parotid gland?

Back 24

postganglionic fibers

Front 25

what is carried by the auriculotemporal nerve to the parotid gland?

Back 25

secretomotor fibers of CN IX
sensory fibers of V3 (for pain in gland)

Front 26

where is the infratemporal region?

Back 26

inferior to the temporal fossa and the zygomatic arch, and deep to the ramus of the mandible

stretches from parotid fascia posterior to mandibular ramus to tuberosity of maxilla

Front 27

what forms the lateral wall of the infratemporal region?

Back 27

medial aspect of ramus of mandible

Front 28

what forms the anterior wall of the infratemporal region?

Back 28

body and tuberosity of the maxilla

(deep to zygoma and zygomatic process of the maxilla)

Front 29

where is the pterygomaxillary fissure?

Back 29

medial aspect of the anterior wall of the infratemporal region (body of maxilla)

Front 30

where does the pterygomaxillary fissure open?

Back 30

pterygopalatine fossa
(more medial)

Front 31

where is the hamulus?

Back 31

inferior to pterygomaxillary fissure

Front 32

what attaches to the pterygomaxillary fissure?

Back 32

pterygomandibular raphe

Front 33

for what does the pterygomandibular raphe serve as a origin?

Back 33

buccinator
superior constrictor muscle

Front 34

where does the pterygomandibular raphe run?

Back 34

from hamulus
to upper 1/5 of mylohyoid line

Front 35

what forms the medial wall of the infratemporal region?

Back 35

lateral pterygoid plate
superior constrictor muscle
levator and tensor palati muscles

Front 36

what forms the roof of the infratemporal fossa anteriorly?

Back 36

greater wing of the sphenoid bone

Front 37

what forms the roof of the infratemporal fossa posteriorly?

Back 37

squamous portion of the temporal bone

Front 38

where is the infratemporal crest?

Back 38

anterior aspect of undersurface of greater wing of sphenoid

Front 39

what is the purpose of the infratemporal crest?

Back 39

attachment site for upper head of lateral pterygoid

Front 40

what is posterior to the infratemporal crest?

Back 40

foramen ovale
foramen spinosum

Front 41

what is transmitted via the foramen ovale? where from? where to?

Back 41

V3 and lesser petrosal nerve (IX)

from middle cranial fossa

to infratemporal fossa

Front 42

what is transmitted via the foramen spinosum? where from? where to?

Back 42

middle meningeal artery

from infratemporal fossa

to middle cranial fossa

Front 43

what is the key structure for orientation in the infratemporal fossa?

Back 43

lateral pterygoid muscle

Front 44

where are the attachments of the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

Back 44

from infratemporal crest
to capsule of interarticulating disc of TMJ

from lateral aspect of lateral pterygoid plate
to neck of mandible

Front 45

what nerve is tested by the protrusive actions of the lateral pterygoid muscle? where is deviation?

Back 45

V3

deviation is to side of lesion

Front 46

where is the maxillary artery in comparison to the lateral pterygoid muscle?

Back 46

lateral to lateral pterygoid muscle

Front 47

from what artery does the maxillary artery branch?

Back 47

external carotid artery

Front 48

where does the maxillary artery branch from the external carotid artery?

Back 48

in parotid gland

Front 49

where does the maxillary artery enter the infratemporal fossa?

Back 49

posterior aspect, by passing deep to the neck of the mandibular condyle

Front 50

where does the maxillary artery travel after crossing the lateral side of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

Back 50

enters pterygomaxillary fissure

Front 51

what are the three parts of the maxillary artery?

Back 51

first part - mandibular part
second part - pterygoid part
third part - pterygopalatine part

Front 52

what part(s) of the maxillary artery are associated with the infratemporal fossa?

Back 52

first and second parts

mandibular and pterygoid parts

Front 53

what part(s) of the maxillary artery are associated with the deep face and nasal region?

Back 53

third part

pterygopalatine part

Front 54

what are the five branches of the mandibular part of the maxillary artery?

Back 54

middle meningeal artery
inferior alveolar artery
deep auricular artery
anterior tympanic artery
accessory meningeal branch

Front 55

what is the principal artery to the periosteal dura of the cranial cavity?

Back 55

middle meningeal artery

Front 56

where does the inferior alveolar artery run?

Back 56

into mandibular foramen

Front 57

what is supplied by the inferior alveolar artery?

Back 57

teeth and mandible

Front 58

what part of the mandible is poorly vascularized? what can this cause?

Back 58

angle of the mandible

alveolar osteitis

Front 59

what is alveolar osteitis?

Back 59

dry socket

(a complication of the removal of teeth)

Front 60

what is supplied by the deep auricular artery?

Back 60

auditory meatus

Front 61

what does the anterior tympanic artery accompany? where?

Back 61

chorda tympani

through petrotympanic fissure to reach middle ear

Front 62

what is supplied by the accessory meningeal branch of the maxillary artery?

Back 62

trigeminal ganglion
surrounding dura

Front 63

where does the accessory meningeal branch of the maxillary artery travel?

Back 63

enters foramen ovale

Front 64

what are the five branches of the pterygoid portion of the maxillary artery?

Back 64

2 deep temporal branches
masseteric branch
pterygoid branch
buccal branch

Front 65

what does the pterygoid plexus of veins follow in the infratemporal fossa?

Back 65

follows maxillary artery

Front 66

where does the pterygoid plexus of veins lie in the infratemporal fossa?

Back 66

mostly lateral to the maxillary artery

Front 67

in what ways do the pterygoidal veins have connections with the cavernous sinus?

Back 67

deep facial veins
inferior ophthalmic veins
emissary veins (in sphenoid bone)

Front 68

what is an important difference between veins of the head and those of the rest of the body?

Back 68

veins of the head have no valves

Front 69

what is the designation for the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?

Back 69

V3

Front 70

what are the branches of the anterior division of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?

Back 70

masseteric branches
posterior and anterior temporal branches to temporalis
nerve to medial pterygoid
nerve to lateral pterygoid
buccal nerve

Front 71

what passes through the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

Back 71

buccal nerve of V3

Front 72

what lies on the lateral surface of the buccinator while travelling to the cheek?

Back 72

buccal nerve of V3

Front 73

what is the terminal branch of the anterior division of V3?

Back 73

buccal nerve of V3

Front 74

what is innervated by the buccal nerve of V3?

Back 74

sensory to mucosa on inside of cheek and lower gums around molar teeth

NOT MOTOR INNERVATION OF BUCCINATOR

Front 75

what are the branches of the posterior division of V3?

Back 75

auriculotemporal nerve
inferior alveolar (dental) nerve
lingual nerve

Front 76

where does the auriculotemporal nerve branch from the posterior division of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?

Back 76

just inferior to the foramen ovale, projecting posteriorly in the infratemporal fossa parallel to the roof

Front 77

what is encircled by the initial segment of the auriculotemporal nerve?

Back 77

middle meningeal artery

(as it ascends to enter foramen spinosum

Front 78

what is received by the initial segment of the auriculotemporal nerve?

Back 78

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from otic ganglion (secretomotor to parotid gland)

Front 79

in what relation to the mandibular condyle does the auriculotemporal nerve pass?

Back 79

medial to the condyle

Front 80

what nerve sends a sensory branch to the TMJ?

Back 80

auriculotemporal nerve

Front 81

what accompanies the terminal portion of the auriculotemporal nerve?

Back 81

superficial temporal artery

Front 82

what is innervated by the terminal portion of the auriculotemporal nerve?

Back 82

upper half of the pinna of the ear and temporal region (supplies pain and general sensation)

Front 83

where does the alveolar nerve run in relation to the mandible?

Back 83

on the medial aspect of the ramus of the mandible

Front 84

what is the relationship between the alveolar nerve and the pterygoid muscles?

Back 84

runs between the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles

Front 85

what is the relationship between the alveolar nerve and the lingual nerve?

Back 85

alveolar nerve is just posterior to the lingual nerve

Front 86

what is the only branch of the inferior alveolar nerve within the infratemporal fossa?

Back 86

branch to mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric

Front 87

where does the branch to mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric (from inferior alveolar nerve) lie?

Back 87

in mylohyoid groove before mylohyoid

on inferior aspect of mylohyoid to reach digastric

Front 88

what is innervated by the portion of the inferior alveolar nerve in the ramus of the mandible?

Back 88

sensory to teeth, gums and mucosa of lower lips

Front 89

as what does the inferior alveolar nerve exit the mandible?

Back 89

mental nerve

Front 90

what does the mental nerve innervate?

Back 90

mucosa and gum adjacent to lower lip

Front 91

where does the lingual nerve lie?

Back 91

anterior to inferior alveolar nerve
medial to mandible

Front 92

what nerve receives the chorda tympani in the infratemporal fossa?

Back 92

lingual nerve

Front 93

what is the chorda tympani?

Back 93

preganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibers of VII from the tympanic plexus and special sensory fibers for taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

Front 94

where are the cell bodies for the special sensory fibers for taste in the chorda tympani?

Back 94

in the geniculate ganglion of CN VII

Front 95

through what does the chorda tympani reach the infratemporal fossa?

Back 95

petrotympanic fissure

Front 96

where does the terminal distribution of the lingual nerve and associated fibers go?

Back 96

floor of the mouth
anterior 2/3 of tongue

Front 97

what type of innervation is carried by the lingual nerve and associated fibers?

Back 97

general sensation: pain, touch, temperature, and pressure

Front 98

what defines the fascial compartment?

Back 98

fascial covering of medial pterygoid
medial aspect of ramus of mandible

Front 99

in a mandibular block, where are anesthetics injected? to what do they diffuse?

Back 99

fascial compartment

diffuse to lingual and inferior alveolar nerves

Front 100

what is TMJ?

Back 100

temporomandibular joint

Front 101

what bony structures are involved in the temporomandibular joint?

Back 101

head of mandible
mandibular fossa on temporal bone
articular tubercle on temporal bone

Front 102

what divides the TMJ into parts?

Back 102

intraarticular disc

Front 103

what are the two compartments of TMJ?

Back 103

upper: hinge rotation for mandibular head
lower: sliding joint for protrusion

Front 104

what are the minor supportive elements of the TMJ?

Back 104

lateral temporomandibular ligament
stylomandibular ligament
sphenomandibular ligament

Front 105

where is the lateral temporomandibular ligament?

Back 105

thickening of the joint capsule

Front 106

where is the stylomandibular ligament?

Back 106

between parotid and submandibular glands

Front 107

what are the major supportive elements of the TMJ?

Back 107

muscles of mastication

Front 108

what are the four movements of the mandible?

Back 108

elevation
depression
protrusion
retraction