Gross Anatomy Nose

Front 1

what nerves supply innervation to the skin of the nose?

Back 1

V1 via the infratrochlear nerve and the anterior ethmoidal branch of the nasociliary nerve

V2 via the infraorbital nerve

Front 2

what provides innervation to the tip of the nose?

Back 2

anterior ethmoidal branch of the nasociliary nerve (V1)

Front 3

what can cause a loss of sensation in the tip of the nose?

Back 3

intracranial problem
intraorbital problem
ethmoidal air sinus disorder affecting V1 pathway from trigeminal ganglion

Front 4

with what bones do the nasal bones articulate?

Back 4

frontal bone (superiorly)
frontal process of the maxilla (laterally)

Front 5

what supports the alar cartilages in the nose?

Back 5

septal cartilage

Front 6

what do the superior lateral cartilages of the nose connect with?

Back 6

central septal cartilage

Front 7

what are the external openings of the nasal cavities?

Back 7

nares
(open into right and left nasal cavities separated by septum)

Front 8

what is the interior (posterior) opening of the nasal cavities?

Back 8

choanae (only one)

Front 9

what forms the floor of the nasal cavity?

Back 9

hard palate

palatine processes of the maxillary bone
horizontal plates of the palatine bone

Front 10

what forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

Back 10

anterior - slope of nasal bones
intermediate - cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
posterior - anterior and inferior aspects of the body of the sphenoid bone

Front 11

where do the vomer bone and ethmoid bone articulate?

Back 11

posteriorly

Front 12

where is the septal cartilage?

Back 12

intervening between the bony elements of the septum (perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and vomer bone)

Front 13

what is supported by the septal cartilage?

Back 13

midline ridge of the nose
tip of nose
columella of nose

Front 14

what is the columella of the nose?

Back 14

dividing wall between the right and left nares from the tip of the nose to the anterior nasal spine of the maxilla

Front 15

where is the most common sight of deviation of the nasal septum?

Back 15

between the vomer and the septal cartilage

Front 16

where are the superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae attached/located?

Back 16

on the lateral wall of each of the nares

Front 17

where is the sphenoethmoid recess?

Back 17

superior to the superior concha

Front 18

what lines the vestibule just inside each naris?

Back 18

skin

Front 19

what lines the atrium of each naris inferior to the nasal bones?

Back 19

mucoperiosteum

Front 20

with what three bones does the inferior nasal concha articulate?

Back 20

maxilla
lacrimal bone
palatine bone

Front 21

which of the conchae is a separate bone from the lateral wall?

Back 21

inferior nasal concha

Front 22

where is the opening of the nasolacrimal duct?

Back 22

contained in the meatus of the inferior nasal concha

Front 23

what is the function of the nasolacrimal duct?

Back 23

drain tears from medial aspect of the orbit into the nasal cavity

Front 24

what is just posterior to the inferior nasal concha at the posterior extent of the nasal cavity (but in the nasopharynx)?

Back 24

opening of the auditory tube into the nasopharynx

Front 25

from which bone is the middle nasal concha a process?

Back 25

ethmoid bone

Front 26

which meatus is overlain by the middle nasal concha?

Back 26

middle meatus

Front 27

what opens into the middle meatus?

Back 27

paranasal air sinuses

Front 28

where does the hiatus semilunaris open?

Back 28

on the wall of the middle meatus between the unciform process of the ethmoid bone and the ethmoid bulla

Front 29

which sinus drains into the superior aspect of the hiatus semilunaris?

Back 29

frontal sinus

Front 30

into what does the frontal sinus drain?

Back 30

superior aspect of the hiatus semilunaris

Front 31

into what does the anterior ethmoidal air sinus drain?

Back 31

through openings of the ethmoidal bulla

Front 32

where is the ethmoidal bulla?

Back 32

on superoposterior aspect of the hiatus semilunaris

Front 33

into what does the middle ethmoidal air sinus drain?

Back 33

through openings of the ethmoidal bulla

Front 34

where is the ostium for the maxillary air sinus?

Back 34

directly inferior to the ethmoid bulla, within the hiatus semilunaris

Front 35

from which bone is the superior nasal concha a process?

Back 35

ethmoid bone

Front 36

which meatus does the superior nasal concha overlie?

Back 36

superior meatus

Front 37

what drains through the superior meatus?

Back 37

posterior ethmoidal air cells

Front 38

what is superior to the superior concha?

Back 38

spheno-ethmoidal recess

Front 39

what drains into the nasal cavity through the spheno-ethmoidal recess?

Back 39

sphenoid air cells

Front 40

what innervates the mucosal of the upper nasal cavity?

Back 40

olfactory nerve (CN I)
trigeminal nerve (V1) via anterior ethmoidal nerve

Front 41

from which nerve is the anterior ethmoidal nerve a branch?

Back 41

nasociliary nerve, from the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (V1)

Front 42

what nerve carries general sensation (pain, temperature, touch and pressure) from the mucosa of the upper nasal cavity?

Back 42

anterior ethmoidal branch from the nasociliary nerve

Front 43

what nerve carries most of the general sensation from the lateral wall and nasal septum?

Back 43

maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (V2)

Front 44

with what ganglion is the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve associated?

Back 44

pterygopalatine ganglion

Front 45

from what nerve does the pterygopalatine ganglion receive its preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?

Back 45

superficial (greater) petrosal nerve

Front 46

from which nerve is the greater petrosal nerve a branch?

Back 46

facial nerve (CN VII)

Front 47

to where do the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the pterygopalatine ganglion send secretomotor fibers?

Back 47

glands above the floor of the mouth

Front 48

where do terminal branches of the infraorbital nerve run?

Back 48

into the vestibule of the nose from the skin covering the nares

Front 49

what is innervated by the small branch of the anterior superior alveolar nerve in the nasal cavity?

Back 49

anterior nasal mucosa of inferior meatus

Front 50

what innervates mucosa on the lateral wall of the nose?

Back 50

branches of the descending greater palatine nerve

Front 51

from where does the greater palatine nerve branch?

Back 51

inferior pole of the pterygopalatine ganglion

Front 52

where do the superior and inferior posterior lateral nasal nerves run?

Back 52

in the mucoperiosteum covering the conchae and the meatus

Front 53

what innervates the mucosa of the nasal septum?

Back 53

nasopalatine nerve

Front 54

where does the nasopalatine nerve enter the nasal cavity?

Back 54

from the pterygopalatine fossa, through the sphenopalatine foramen

Front 55

through what does the terminal branch of the nasopalatine nerve exit the nasal cavity?

Back 55

incisive foramen

Front 56

from where does the nasopalatine nerve arise?

Back 56

maxillary nerve (V2)
pterygopalatine ganglion

Front 57

from where does the sympathetic innervation of the nasal cavities arise?

Back 57

superior cervical ganglion

Front 58

what carries the postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the nose from the superior cervical ganglion?

Back 58

nerve of the internal carotid artery
deep petrosal nerve of the pterygoid canal

Front 59

what happens to the nerve of the internal carotid artery in the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 59

it joins with terminal branches of the maxillary artery and are vasomotor to blood vessels in the nasal cavity and palate

Front 60

what happens to the deep petrosal nerve of the pterygoid canal in the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 60

it joins with terminal branches of the maxillary artery and are vasomotor to blood vessels in the nasal cavity and palate

Front 61

from where does the sphenopalatine artery arise?

Back 61

maxillary artery in the pterygopalatine fossa

Front 62

with what does the sphenopalatine artery enter the nasal cavity?

Back 62

nasopalatine nerve, through the sphenopalatine foramen

Front 63

what is supplied by the sphenopalatine artery?

Back 63

upper 2/3 of the nasal septum

Front 64

through what does the sphenopalatine artery enter the nasal cavity?

Back 64

sphenopalatine foramen with the nasopalatine nerve

Front 65

with what does the sphenopalatine artery anastomose?

Back 65

greater palatine artery

Front 66

through what does the greater palatine artery ascend into the nasal cavity?

Back 66

incisive foramen

Front 67

what is a common site of hemorrhage in the nasal cavity?

Back 67

the site of anastomosis between the sphenopalatine artery and the greater palatine artery

Front 68

what are the names for hemorrhage of the blood vessels of the nose?

Back 68

epistaxis
nosebleed

Front 69

what five branches participate in the Kiesselbach plexus?

Back 69

anterior ethmoidal artery
posterior ethmoidal artery
sphenopalatine artery
greater palatine artery
septal branch of the superior labial artery

Front 70

what vascularizes the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

Back 70

anterior ethmoidal artery
greater palatine artery

following the terminal branches of the anterior ethmoidal nerve and greater palatine nerve with the same name

Front 71

how does the venous blood drain from the nose?

Back 71

parallels the arterial supply and forms a network overlying the inferior and middle conchae

Front 72

what is the function of the erectile tissue overlying the conchae?

Back 72

humidifies and warms the inspired air in the upper respiratory passage

Front 73

what are the names of the paranasal sinuses?

Back 73

sphenoid
ethmoid
frontal
maxillary

(all paired but asymmetrical)

Front 74

what type of epithelium lines the paranasal sinuses?

Back 74

respiratory epithelium

Front 75

what happens to the epithelium of the paranasal air sinuses with chronic respiratory irritation?

Back 75

converted to stratified squamous epithelium, possibly leading to chronic sinusitis

Front 76

what is a potential surgical approach to the pituitary?

Back 76

through the air sinuses and nasal cavities

Front 77

what are the ethmoidal air sinuses?

Back 77

anterior
middle
posterior

Front 78

via what structure does the frontal sinus empty into the superior extension of the hiatus semilunaris?

Back 78

the infundibulum

Front 79

through what does the maxillary sinus drain?

Back 79

into the middle meatus through the hiatus semilunaris

Front 80

what is at the level of the floor of the maxillary air sinus?

Back 80

hard palate

Front 81

why are there often drainage problems from the maxillary air sinus?

Back 81

the ostium is more superiorly located than its floor

Front 82

what is the maxillary sinus ostium?

Back 82

opening/canal which drains contents of the maxillary sinus into the nasal cavity

Front 83

what innervates the maxillary air sinus?

Back 83

infraorbital nerve
anterior alveolar nerve
middle alveolar nerve
posterior alveolar nerve

(maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve)

Front 84

through what do the mastoid air sinuses drain into the nasal cavity?

Back 84

middle ear and auditory tube