Gross Anatomy Face And Scalp

Front 1

what are the two groups of muscles of the face?

Back 1

muscles of facial expression
muscles of mastication

Front 2

by which cranial nerve are the muscles of facial expression innervated?

Back 2

Facial Nerve (VII)

Front 3

by which cranial nerve are the muscles of mastication innervated?

Back 3

Mandibular division (V3) of Trigeminal Nerve (V)

Front 4

what is the general function of muscles of facial expression?

Back 4

move skin and fascia in various directions

Front 5

in which group of facial muscles are the sphincters and dilators of facial orifices?

Back 5

muscles of facial expression

Front 6

where are the two major groups of sphincters and dilators in the face?

Back 6

around eyes
around mouth

Front 7

what is the sphincter for the eyes?

Back 7

orbicularis oculi

Front 8

what muscle is in the eyelid, which closes it gently?

Back 8

palpebral part of orbicularis oculi (sphincter)

Front 9

where is the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi?

Back 9

surrounding the orbit, blending in with the anterior belly of the occipitofrontalis

Front 10

what muscle closes the eye forcibly?

Back 10

orbital part of orbicularis oculi
(sphincter)

Front 11

what muscle causes radiating skin wrinkles from the lateral corner of the eye?

Back 11

orbital part of orbicularis oculi

Front 12

what muscle is the dilator for the eye?

Back 12

levator palpebrae superioris

Front 13

what nerves innervates the levator palpebrae superioris?

Back 13

Occulomotor Nerve
(3rd cranial nerve)

sympathetic fibers from superior cervical ganglion

Front 14

what nerves innervate the orbicularis oculi muscle?

Back 14

temporal and zygomatic branches of facial nerve (7th cranial nerve)

Front 15

what is the sphincter muscle for the mouth?

Back 15

orbicularis oris

Front 16

what are the functions of the orbicularis oris muscle?

Back 16

closes lips
protrudes lips

Front 17

what muscle is involved in whistling or kissing?

Back 17

orbicularis oris

Front 18

what nerves innervate the orbicularis oris muscle?

Back 18

buccal branch of the facial nerve
(7th cranial nerve)

Front 19

what are the dilator muscles of the mouth (9)?

Back 19

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
levator labii superioris
levator anguli oris
zygomaticus minor
zygomaticus major
platysma (risorius)
depressor anguli oris
depressor labii inferioris
mentalis

Front 20

what is the main muscle of the cheek?

Back 20

buccinator

Front 21

what is the function of the buccinator muscle?

Back 21

keeps cheek in contact with gums, to keep food from collecting in vestibule of the mouth

Front 22

what causes Bell's palsy?

Back 22

lesions of facial nerve (7th cranial nerve)

Front 23

how can one test for Bell's palsy?

Back 23

asking patient to screw up their eye
asking patient to smile
asking patient to whistle

Front 24

what happens if muscles are not supported during recovery from Bell's palsy?

Back 24

stretch under gravity

permanent asymmetry in the face

Front 25

from where are the muscles of mastication derived?

Back 25

first branchial branch

Front 26

what nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

Back 26

anterior branch of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3)

Front 27

where does the masseter muscle attach?

Back 27

zygomatic arch
outer surface of mandible (near angle)

Front 28

what is the function of the masseter muscle?

Back 28

close the jaw

Front 29

what two parts compose the masseter muscle?

Back 29

superficial part
deep part

Front 30

what nerves innervate the masseter muscle?

Back 30

masseteric nerve from mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3)

Front 31

through what structure does the masseteric nerve pass?

Back 31

mandibular notch

Front 32

what are the attachments of the temporalis muscle?

Back 32

lateral side of skull below temporal line
coronoid process
anterior border of ramus of mandible

Front 33

how far anterior on the ramus of the mandible does the temporalis muscle attach?

Back 33

almost to the third molar tooth

Front 34

what is the function of the temporalis muscle?

Back 34

closes jaw

Front 35

ἢ

Back 35

or; than
(ἢ ... ἢ - either or)

Front 36

where does the lateral pterygoid muscle attach?

Back 36

lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
neck of mandible
intraarticular disc

Front 37

what is the function of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

Back 37

opens the jaw

Front 38

where does the medial pterygoid muscle attach?

Back 38

medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
deep surface of mandible (opposite to attachment of masseter)

Front 39

what structure lies between the medial pterygoid muscle and the masseter muscle?

Back 39

angle of the mandible

Front 40

what nerves innervate the pterygoid muscles (internal and external)?

Back 40

pterygoid nerves from mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3)

Front 41

what artery provides the main blood supply to the face?

Back 41

facial artery

Front 42

where does the facial artery pass over the lower border of the mandible?

Back 42

anterior border of masseter muscle

Front 43

where in the face can you feel a pulse from the facial artery?

Back 43

anterior border of the masseter muscle

Front 44

what facial structure receives blood from the facial artery first?

Back 44

angle of mouth

Front 45

what facial structure receives blood from the facial artery second?

Back 45

side of the nose

Front 46

what facial structure receives blood from the facial artery third?

Back 46

medial angle of eye

Front 47

from what artery are the superior and inferior labial arteries branches?

Back 47

facial artery

Front 48

from what artery is the superficial temporal artery a branch?

Back 48

external carotid artery

Front 49

where in the face can a pulse be felt from the superficial temporal artery?

Back 49

anterior to tragus of the ear

Front 50

what is the tragus of the ear?

Back 50

the small pointed eminence of external ear, anterior to the concha, and projecting back over the meatus

Front 51

where does the superficial temporal artery divide into anterior and posterior branches?

Back 51

above the ear

Front 52

with what artery does the superficial temporal artery anastomose?

Back 52

facial artery

Front 53

where do veins of the orbit lead?

Back 53

cavernous sinus

Front 54

where does the facial vein communicate with the veins of the orbit and other deep veins?

Back 54

medial angle of eye
pterygoid venous plexus

Front 55

what is a danger area in the face?

Back 55

central face

Front 56

with what illness does the parotid gland become inflamed?

Back 56

mumps

Front 57

what encloses the parotid gland?

Back 57

capsule formed by split layers of deep cervical fascia

Front 58

what is increased in the parotid gland as the result of its swelling?

Back 58

pressure
pain

Front 59

what is formed by the thickening in the parotid gland's capsule?

Back 59

stylomandibular ligament

Front 60

where is the parotid gland located?

Back 60

between sternocleidomastoid and back of mandible

molds itself to all adjacent structures

Front 61

from where in the parotid gland does its duct leave?

Back 61

anterior border

Front 62

what muscle is crossed by the parotid duct?

Back 62

masseter muscle

Front 63

what muscle is penetrated by the parotid duct?

Back 63

buccinator muscle

Front 64

opposite to what tooth does the parotid duct enter the mouth?

Back 64

2nd upper molar tooth

Front 65

when/how can the parotid duct be felt?

Back 65

can be rolled under the fingers when masseter is contracted (clenching teeth)

Front 66

with what structure of the ear is the parotid duct in line?

Back 66

tragus

Front 67

in order, from superficial to deep, what three structures pass through the parotid gland?

Back 67

facial nerve
retromandibular vein
external carotid artery

Front 68

from what structure in the skull does the facial nerve emerge (to the outside of the skull)?

Back 68

stylomastoid foramen

Front 69

what nerve gives off a posterior auricular branch?

Back 69

facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)

Front 70

where does the posterior auricular nerve branch from the facial nerve?
where does it go?

Back 70

close to stylomastoid foramen

goes to occipital belly of occipitofrontalis

Front 71

what nerve divides within the parotid gland, forming an intraglandular network?

Back 71

facial nerve

Front 72

what 5 branches from the facial nerve emerge from the anterior border of the parotid gland?

Back 72

temporal
zygomatic
buccal
marginal mandibular
cervical

Front 73

where does the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve run?

Back 73

below border of mandible

Front 74

what is innervated by the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve?

Back 74

muscles of chin

Front 75

where should a skin incision be made in the chin?

Back 75

a finger's width below the line of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve

Front 76

what two veins unite to form the retromandibular vein?

Back 76

maxillary vein
superficial temporal vein

Front 77

where do the maxillary and superficial temporal veins meet to form the retromandibular vein?

Back 77

in the parotid gland

Front 78

where does the retromandibular vein emerge from the parotid gland?

Back 78

near the angle of the mandible

Front 79

what are the two branches of the retromandibular vein?

Back 79

anterior branch
posterior branch

Front 80

with what vein does the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein join?

Back 80

facial vein

Front 81

what vein is formed by the union of the retromandibular vein with the facial vein?

Back 81

internal jugular vein

Front 82

with what vein does the posterior branch of the retromandibular vein join?

Back 82

posterior auricular vein

Front 83

what vein is formed by the union of the posterior branch of the retromandibular vein with the posterior auricular vein?

Back 83

external jugular vein

Front 84

within the parotid gland, into what two arteries does the external carotid artery divide?

Back 84

maxillary artery
superficial temporal artery

Front 85

to what structure does the maxillary artery run deep?

Back 85

neck of the mandible

Front 86

to what region does the maxillary artery enter?

Back 86

infratemporal region

Front 87

into what two branches does the superficial temporal artery divide?

Back 87

anterior branch
posterior branch

Front 88

where does the superficial temporal artery lie/divide?

Back 88

in front of ear

Front 89

what does the anterior branch of the superficial temporal artery supply?

Back 89

side of forehead

Front 90

what does the posterior branch of the superficial temporal artery supply?

Back 90

side of scalp

Front 91

what are the layers of the scalp?

Back 91

S - skin
C - connective tissue
A - aponeurosis
L - lacuna (space)
P - periosteum

Front 92

what is the name for the epicranial aponeurosis?

Back 92

galea aponeurotica

Front 93

where is the posterior attachment of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

Back 93

occipital bone, above superior nuchal line

Front 94

where is the lateral attachment of the galea aponeurotica?

Back 94

zygomatic arch

Front 95

what muscle lies both posterior and anterior to the galea aponeurotica?

Back 95

occipitofrontalis muscle

Front 96

what is the most important layer of the scalp? why?

Back 96

lacuna (space)

because it is a plane of cleavage for injury and spread of blood

Front 97

to where does the lacuna extend?

Back 97

zygomatic arch
upper eyelids

Front 98

for what muscle is the galea aponeurotica a central tendon?

Back 98

occipitofrontalis

Front 99

what happens to the scalp when cut? why?

Back 99

bleeds profusely

heavily vascularized

Front 100

why is there no one vessel one can compress to stop bleeding to areas of the scalp?

Back 100

extensive anastomoses

Front 101

what valveless veins may spread scalp infections into cranium?

Back 101

emissary veins

Front 102

what is the normal blood flow of the emissary veins?

Back 102

from within cranium to outside

Front 103

from anterior to posterior, which nerves innervate the scalp?

Back 103

supratrochlear nerve
supraorbital nerve
zygomaticotemporal nerve
auriculotemporal nerve

Front 104

from which nerve does the supratrochlear nerve branch?

Back 104

ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (V1)

Front 105

from which nerve does the supraorbital nerve branch?

Back 105

ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (V1)

Front 106

from which nerve does the zygomaticotemporal nerve branch?

Back 106

maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (V2)

Front 107

from which nerve does the auriculotemporal nerve branch?

Back 107

mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3)

Front 108

where do branches of the trigeminal nerve lie?

Back 108

anterior to auricle

Front 109

to what does the word "auricle" refer in the head?

Back 109

the external ear

Front 110

what nerves, which innervate the scalp, arise and lie posterior to the auricle?

Back 110

lesser occipital nerve (C2, C3)
greater occipital nerve (C2)
third occipital nerve (C3)