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628 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the thoracic cage composed of?
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(1)sternum (2)12 ribs enwrapping the area from the vertebral column posteriorly to the sternum anteriorly
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NAME
this is composed of the sternum and 12 ribs enwrapping the area from the vertebral column posteriorly to the sternum anteriorly |
thoracic cage
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What are the functions of the thoracic cage?
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(1)respiration (2)protection of thoracic contents (3)regulation of intrathoracic and intrabdominal pressure (4)movement of the upper limb
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NAME
some of its function include respiration, protection of thoracic contents, regulation of intrathoracic and intrabdominal pressure,and movement of the upper limb |
thoracic cage
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What are the (3)parts of the sternum?
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(1)manubrium (2)body (3)xiphoid process
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NAME
this has three parts: manubrium, body, and xiphoid process |
sternum
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How many ribs does the rib cage have?
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12
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What are three kinds of ribs? (3)
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(1)true (2)false (3)floating
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NAME
there are three of kind of these: true, false, and floating |
ribs
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Where are the true ribs located?
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1st to 7th ribs
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NAME
these ribs are the 1st to 7th ribs |
true ribs
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Where are the false ribs located?
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8 to 10 ribs
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NAME
these ribs are the 8 to 10 ribs |
false ribs
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Where are the floating ribs located?
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11 to 12th ribs
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NAME
these ribs are the 11th to 12th ribs |
floating ribs
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What are the true ribs?
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these type of ribs connect anterior directly through the sternum through costal cartilage and posteriorl through the vertebral column through costal cartilage
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NAME
these kind of ribs connect anteriorly directly through the sternum through costal cartilage and posteriorly through the vertebral column via costal cartilage |
true ribs
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What are the floating ribs?
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are called floating ribs bc dont articulate w the sternum anteriorly but share a common cartilage that articulates the sternum
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NAME
these are ribs that dont atriculate w the sternum anteriorly but share a common cartilage that articulates w the sternum |
floating ribs
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(1)this refers to ribs
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costal
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costal refers to (1)
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ribs
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What is the sternum?
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is the breast bone
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NAME
this is the breast bone |
sternum
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How are ribs classifed? (2)
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(1)atypical (2)typical
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NAME
these can be classifed as ethier aytypical or typical |
ribs
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NAME
this is a landmark for CPR bc can fracture it |
xiphoid process
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What is the singificance of xiphoid process and CPR?
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is a landmark bc it can easily fracture
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T or F
the ribs are not easy to fracture |
false
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are the ribs easy to fracture?
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no
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WHat is the manubrium?
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is the most superior portion of the sternum
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NAME
this is the most superior portion of the sternum |
manubrium
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Describe what the manubrium is like
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the superiorly portion shows the jugluar notch on either side of which there is a articular surface for the corresponding clavicle
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NAME
its superior portion shows the jugular notch on either side of which there is a articular surface for the corresponding clavicle |
manubrium
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What is the body?
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is the largest part of the strenum
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NAME
this is the largest part of the sternum |
body
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What is the largest part of the sternum?
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body
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Where does the body of the sternum arituclate?
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it atriculates w the 3rd through 7th costal cartilages
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NAME
this articulates w the 3rd through 7th cartilages |
body of the sternum
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What is the angle of Louis?
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is a prominent ridge at the junction of the manubrium and body of the sternum
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NAME
this is a prominent ridge at the junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum |
angle of Louis
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Why is the angle of Louis important?
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bc it indicates the level of articulation of the costal cartilage of the 2nd rib to the sternum
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NAME
this is important bc it indicates the level of articulation of the costal cartilage of the 2nd rib to the sternum |
angle of Louis
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What is the xiphoid process?
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is the most inferior tip of the sternum that has a bifid
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NAME
this is the most inferior tip of the sternum that has a bifid |
xiphoid process
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What is a bifid?
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refers to a cleft in two
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NAME
this refers to cleft in two |
bifid
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Where does the xiphoid process articulate?
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it articules partially w the costal cartilage of the 7th rib
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NAME
this articulates partially w the costal cartilage of 7th rib |
xiphoid process
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What is each typical rib like? (6)
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(1)has a vertebral and sternal extermity w an intervening body (2)head w two demifacets (3)neck (4)tubercle (5)angle (6)costal groove along the internal surface
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NAME
these type of ribs have a vertebral and sternal extermity w an intervening body, a head w two demifacets, neck, tubercle, angle, and costal groove |
a typical rib
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What is each typical rib like? (6)
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(1)has a vertebral and sternal extermity w an intervening body (2)head w two demifacets (3)neck (4)tubercle (5)angle (6)costal groove along the internal surface
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What is each typical rib like? (6)
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(1)has a vertebral and sternal extermity w an intervening body (2)head w two demifacets (3)neck (4)tubercle (5)angle (6)costal groove on the internal surface
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a typical rib articules w both the body of its own verebra and w the body of the above vertebra via (1)
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demifacets
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a (1)rib articulaes w both the body of its own vertebra and w the body of the above veretbra via demifacets
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typical
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a typical rib articulates w both the (1) and (2) via demifacets
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(1)body of its own vertebra (2)body of the above vertebra
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the head of a typical rib's articular surface is divided into (1)by a samll ridge
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demifacets
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What is the tubercle?
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found at the junction of the neck and body of the rib and has a facet for articulation w the tranverse process of its won veretbra
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NAME
this is found at the junction of the neck and body of the rib and has a facet for articulation w the tranverse process of its own vertebra |
tubercle
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NAME
this type of ribs have costal groove on the internal surface |
typical
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How is the first rib aytpical ? (2)
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it is the shortest and has the greatest curvature (2)its flattened in a tranverse plane presenting superior and inferior sides
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NAME
this is one of the shortest rib and has the greatest curvature and its flattened in a tranverse plane presenting superior and inferior sides |
1st rib
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How is the first rib aytpical ? (2)
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it is the shortest and has the greatest curvature(2)its flattened in a tranverse plane presenting superior and inferior sides
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What are some distiguishing characterstics of the 1st rib? (5)
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(1)head showing no division of articular facet(2)neck (3)absence of an angle (4)two shallow grooves on the superior surface for the subclavian artery and vein (5)wan intervening tubercle for the attachment of the anterior scalene muscle
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What are some distiguishing characterstics of the 1st rib? (6)
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(1)head showing no division of articular fect (2)neck (3)absence of an angle (4)two shallow grooves on the superior surface for the subclavian artery and vein (5)wan intervening tubercle for the attachment of the anterior scalene muscle
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What are some distiguishing characterstics of the 1st rib? (6)
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(1)head showing no division of articular fect (2)neck (3)absence of an angle (4)two shallow grooves on the superior surface for the subclavian artery (5)and vein (6)wan intervening tubercle for the attachment of the anterior scalene muscle
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NAME
this has a head showing no division of artiucular facet, neck, absence of an angle, two shallow grooves on the superior surfce for the subclavien artery and vein and an intervening tubercle for the attachment of the anterior scalene muscle |
1st rib
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What is the 2nd rib like?
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is a transition form btwn the 1st rib and a typical rib (2)it has a curvature similar to the first rib but it is not quite as flattened (3)the angle is slight and close to the tubercle
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NAME
this rib is a transition form btwn the 1st rib and a typical rib, has a curvature similar to the first rib but it is not quite as flattened, and the angle is slight and close to the tubercle |
2nd rib
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How are the 11th and 12th rib alike?
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they share two structural similarities (1)a single articular facet on the head (2)a lack of either a neck or tubercle
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NAME (2)
these two ribs share two structural similarities : a single articualr facet on the head and a lack of either a neck or tubercle |
11th (2)12th ribs
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What is the 11th rib like?
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(3)a shallow costal groove
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NAME
this rib has a aritcular facet on the head, a lack of either a neck or tubercle, or a shallow costal groove |
11th rib
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What is the 12th rib like?
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has no costal groove
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NAME
this rib has a articular facet on the head, lack of either a neck or tubercle, and no costal groove |
12th rib
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What is the differ btwn the 11th and 12th rib? (2)
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(1)the 11th rib has a very shallow costal groove (2)and the 12th rib has none
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What are the atypical ribs? (4)
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(1)1st (2)2nd (3)11th (4)12th ribs
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NAME
these ribs are the 1st, 2nd, 11th, and 12th ribs |
atypical ribs
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What is median sternotomy?
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is when they split the sternum to half to open the rib cage and perform open heart surgury
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NAME
this is when doctors split the sternum in half to open the rib cage and perform open heart surgury |
sternotomy
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What is costachondris?
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is inflammation of the cartilage of the ribs
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NAME
this is the inflammation of the cartilage of the ribs |
costachondris
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What are the symptoms of costachondris
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the same as heart attack
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NAME
the symptoms of this are similar to those of a heart attack |
costacondris
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What are the symptoms of a heart attack?
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radiating shooting pain in the thorax or central pain w pain in the left arm
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NAME
symptoms of this include radiating shooting pain in the thorax or central pain in the left arm |
heart attack
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What is the sternocostal joint?
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think about the name.....it is the joint btwn the sternum and the costal cartilage
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NAME
this is a the joint btwn the sternum and the costal cartilage |
sternocostal joint
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Where is the sternum located?
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T3/T4
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NAME
this is located at T3/T4 |
sternum
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Where is the body of the sternum located?
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T5/T9
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NAME
this is located btwn T5/T9 |
the body of the sternum
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Where is the xiphoid process located?
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T10
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NAME
this is located at T10 |
xiphoid process
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What is the intervertebral joint?
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think about the name.....it is the joint btwn the 2 veretbrae and has interveretbral disc in btwn
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NAME
this is a joint btwn 2 veretbrae and has interveretbral disc in btwn |
interveretbral joint
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What is the costovertebral joint?
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think about the name.....it is the joint btwn the rib and costal cartilage
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NAME
this joint is btwn the rib and the costal cartilage |
costovertebral joint
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What is the sternoclavicular joint?
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think about the name.....it is the joint btwn the sternum and the clavicle and acts on the arm for abduction
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NAME
this joint is btwn the sternum and the clavicle and acts on the arm for abduction |
sternoclavicular joint
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What is the interchondral joint?
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think about the name.....it is the joint btwn actual cartilages
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NAME
this is a joint btwn actual cartilages |
interchondral joint
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What is the manubiosternal joint?
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think about the name.....it is the joint btwn the angle of Louis and manubrium
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NAME
this is a joint btwn the angle of Louis and the manubrium |
manubiosternal
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What is a xiphisternal joint?
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think about the name......it is the joint btwn the xiphoid process and the body of the sternum
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NAME
this is a joint btwn the xiphoid process and the body of the sternum |
xiphisternal joint
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STOPED HERE FOR CARDS IN WORD
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STOPED HERE FOR CARDS IN WORD
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NAME
this is a joint btwn the xiphoid process and the body of the sternum |
xiphisternal joint
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What is one unqiue thing about the thoracic vertebrae?
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(1)are equipped w synovial joints costovertebral articulations sites w demifacets for the ribs
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NAME
these vertebrae are equipped w synovial joints costovertebral articulations sites w demifacets for ribs |
thoracic vertebrae
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What is the costotranverse joint?
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is the joint btwn the tubercle of a rib and the tranverse process of its vertebrea
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NAME
this joint is btwn the tubercle of a rib and the tranverse process of its vertebrae |
costotranverse joint
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NAME
these joints limit the movement of thoracic cage in inspiration and expiration |
costotranverse joint
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What does the costotranverse joint do?
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it limits the movement of the thoracic cage in inspiration and expiration
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What is the synchondrosis?
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is where the first pair of ribs unite w the manubirum of the sternum
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NAME
this is where the first pair of ribs unite the manubirum of the sternum |
synchondorsis
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NAME
this is most important muscle involved in respiration |
diaphragm
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What is the most important muscle in involved in respiration?
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the diaphargm
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The diaphragm is the most important muscle involved in(1)
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respiration
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What is respiration?
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inspiration/exspiration
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Do the veretbrae move during inspiration?
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no
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T or F
the vertebrae move during inspiration |
false
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Describe the movement of the bones during inspiration
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(1)the ribs move superiorly and anteriorly carrying costal cartilage w it (2)rib cage vol increases
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NAME
during this the ribs move superiorly and anteriorly carrying costal cartilage w it |
inspiration
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During inspiration, the (1)move superiorly and anteriorly carrying costal cartilage w it
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ribs
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DUring respiration, the ribs move (1)and (2) and (3)carrying the (3)w it
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(1)superiorly (2)anteriorly (3)inferiorly (4)costal cartilage
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What makes the air go in lungs?
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bc a air system that is high in pressure always moves to area of low pressure
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A air system of (1)pressure always goes to a (2)system of pressure
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(1)high (2)low
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An air system of high pressure always go to a (1)system of pressure
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low
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an air system of (1)pressure always goes to a low system of pressure
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high
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What is the pressure and vol like during inspiration?
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(1)vol increases (2)air pressure goes down
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NAME
during this the vol incresases of the rib cage and the air pressure goes down |
inspiration
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During inspiration, the vol (1)while the air pressure (2)
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(1)increases (2)goes down
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When inhale, the pressure changes to a (1)system so that air moves out of the lungs to a (1)system
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(1)high (2)low
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NAME
this is a active phenomen |
inspiration
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NAME
this is a passive phenomen |
expsiration
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Inspiration is a (1)phneomen
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active
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Exspiration is a (1)phneomne
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passive
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What is the differ btwn inspiration and expiration?
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(1)inspiration-is a active phenomen (2)exspiration is a passive phenomenon
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Why are exspiration and inspiration possible?
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bc of the recoiling and elasticity of the lungs
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NAME
this is possible bc of the recoiling and elascitiy of the lungs |
expsiration and inspiration
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(1)is also called respiration
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ventelation
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ventalition is also called (1)
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respiration
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you have a (1)and (2)phrenic nerve
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right and left
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How many phrenic nerves are there?
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a right and left
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How many diaphragms are there?
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a right and left domes
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What is the phrenic nerve?
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it supplies the diaphargm
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NAME
this supplies the diaphargm |
phrenic nerve
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THe diaphargm is has (1)and (2)inverted
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automatic and somatic
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give example of how the diaphargm is somaticly inverted?
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when you take a deep breath
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Give an example of how the diaphargm is automaticly inverted?
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when you are asleep
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T or F
a person can live w 1 phrenic nerve |
true
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What happens in a person only have 1 phrenic nerve?
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then only one dome of the diapharm contracts
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If you lungs are not working then the (1)
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diaphargm does not contract right and the accessary muscles enlarge
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What does hypertrophy refer to?
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when the muscle enlarges to much
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NAME
this is when a muscle enlarges to much |
hypertrophy
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What happens if your lungs are not working right?
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the diaphargm does not contract right and the acessary muscles have to work harder so they enlarge
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ventalition is also called (1)
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respiration
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you have a (1)and (2)phrenic nerve
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right and left
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How many phrenic nerves are there?
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a right and left
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How many diaphragms are there?
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a right and left domes
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What is the phrenic nerve?
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it supplies the diaphargm
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NAME
this supplies the diaphargm |
phrenic nerve
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THe diaphargm is has (1)and (2)inverted
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automatic and somatic
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give example of how the diaphargm is somaticly inverted?
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when you take a deep breath
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Give an example of how the diaphargm is automaticly inverted?
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when you are asleep
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T or F
a person can live w 1 phrenic nerve |
true
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What happens in a person only have 1 phrenic nerve?
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then only one dome of the diapharm contracts
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If you lungs are not working then the (1)
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diaphargm does not contract right and the accessary muscles enlarge
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What does hypertrophy refer to?
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when the muscle enlarges to much
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NAME
this is when a muscle enlarges to much |
hypertrophy
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What happens if your lungs are not working right?
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the diaphargm does not contract right and the acessary muscles have to work harder so they enlarge which cna compress the brachial plexus
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What happens if the lungs are not working right?
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the diaphargm does not contract right and the acessary muscles have to work harder so they enlarge which cna compress the brachial plexus
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What does TOS stand for?
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thoracic outlet syndrome
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What is TOS?
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is when the brachial plexus is compressed
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NAME
this when the brachial plexus is compressed |
TOS
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What can TOS?
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can be caused by the lungs not working which causes the accesary muscles to hypertrophy thus compressing the brachial plexus
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NAME
this can be caused by the lungs not working which causes the acessary muscles to work harder and enlarging--thus compressing the brachial plexus |
TOS
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NAME
during this, the rib cage's vol decreased and air pressure increases |
expiration
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During expiration, the rib cage's vol (1)and air pressure (2)
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(1)decreases (2)increases
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What is the intercostal space?
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is the space btwn each pair of ribs
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NAME
this is the space btwn each pair of ribs |
intercostal space
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What are (3)muscles located in the intercostal space in order?
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(1)external intercostal (2)internal intercostal (3)innermost intercostal
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NAME
this has three muscles in it--the external intercostal, internal intercostal, and the innermost intercostal muscles |
intercostal space
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How many intercostal spaces are there?
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11
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There are (1)intercostal spaces
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11
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What is the external intercostal do?
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e for elevates the ribs abd i during inspiration
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NAME
during inspiration, this elevates the ribs |
external intercostal
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What kind of fibers does the external intercostal have?
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fibers passing inferiorly and medially from rib
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NAME
this has fibers passing inferiorly and medially from the rib |
the external intercostal
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How are the differ muscles found in the intercostal space different? (3)
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(1)external intercostal- the fibers run inferiorly and medially from the rib (2)iternal intercostal- the muscles run at right angles (3)innermost intercostal- fibers run inferiorly and mediallly and pass the intercostal arteries,veins, and nerves
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How are the differ muscles found in the intercostal space different? (3)
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(1)external intercostal- the fibers run inferiorly and medially from the rib (2)iternal intercostal- the muscles run at right angles (3)innermost intercostal- fibers run inferiorly and mediallly and pass the intercostal arteries,veins, and nerves
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NAME
in the most inferior intercostal spaces this muscle is continous w the external obliqe muscles of the abdomen |
external intercostal
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Describe what the internal intercostal muscles are like
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they course at right angles
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NAME
these intercostal muscles course at right angles |
iternal intercostal muscles
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the internal intercostal muscles course at (1)
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right angles
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NAME
this is the deepest layer of the intercostal space |
innermost intercostal space
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NAME
this can be found at the superfical layer of the intercostal space |
external intercostal sapce
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Describe what the fibers are like for the innermost intercostal muscle?
|
the fibers run inferiorly and medially but btwn the two layers pass the intercostal arteries, veins, and nerves
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NAME
this muscle has fibers that run inferiorly and medially but btwn the two layers pass the intercostal arteries, veins, and nerves |
innermost intercostal muscles
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Where are the subcostal muscles most often found?
|
in the inferior thorax
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NAME
these are found most often in the inferior thorax |
subcostal muscles
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Where is the tranverse thoracis muscle located?
|
on the deep surface of the sternum passing to the costal cartilage 2-6
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|
NAME
these muscles are found on the deep surface of the sternum passing to the costal cartilage 2-6 |
tranverse thoracis muscle
|
|
|
What does the levator costarum do?
|
elevates the ribs
|
|
|
NAME
this muscle elevates the ribs |
levatores costarum
|
|
|
Where can you find the levator costarum?
|
at the proximal attachment on the tranverse processes and btwn the tubercle and angle of eafch rib below
|
|
|
NAME
these muscles can be found at the proximal attachment on the tranverse processes and btwn the tubercle and angle of each rib below |
levator costarum
|
|
|
What are the additiontal muscles of respiration? (5)
|
(1)serratus posterior superior (2)serratus posterior inferior (3)scalenus anterior (4)scalenus medius (5)scalenus posterior
|
|
|
NAME
these muscles incude the serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior, scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior |
additional muscles of respiration
|
|
|
What are the additiontal muscles of respiration? (5)
|
(1)serratus posterior superior (2)serratus posterior inferior (3)scalenus anterior (4)scalenus medius (5)scalenus posterior
|
|
|
What are the main muscles of respiration? (5)
|
(1)diaphargm (2)external intercostal (3)internal intercostal (4)innermost intercostal (5)subcostal
|
|
|
NAME
these include the diaphargm, external innercostal, internal intercostal, the innermost intercostal, and the subcostal muscle |
the muscles of respiration
|
|
|
Where does the serratus posterior superior attach?
|
it attaches on the spinous processes of the last cervical vertebrae and the first two thoracic vertebrae (2)the angles of ribs 2-5
|
|
|
NAME
this muscles attaches on the spinous processes of the last cervical vertebrae and first 2 thoracic vertebrea and the angles of ribs 2-5 |
serratus posterior superior
|
|
|
What is the function of the serratus posterior superior?
|
it elevates the ribs 2-5
|
|
|
NAME
this elevates the ribs 2-5 |
serratus posterior superior
|
|
|
Where is the serratus posterior inferior attach?
|
the spinous process of T11-L2 and (2)inferior border of ribs 9-12
|
|
|
NAME
this muscle attaches at the spinous process of T11-L2 and inferior border of ribs 9-12 |
serratus posterior inferior
|
|
|
What does the serratus posterior inferior do?
|
it flexes the ribs aiding in inspiration
|
|
|
NAME
this muscle flexes the ribs aiding in inspiration |
serratus posterior
|
|
|
Make a chart of the muscles of respiration and accessary muscles of the respiration w functions
|
see notes
|
|
|
Make a chart of the muscles of respiration and accessary muscles of the respiration w functions
|
see notes
|
|
|
Make a chart of the muscles of respiration and accessary muscles of the respiration w functions
|
see notes
|
|
|
Where is the scalenus medius located?
|
it attachs on the tubercles of C2-7 to superior surface of the first rib
|
|
|
NAME
this attaches on the tubercle of C2-C7 to the superior surface of the first rib |
scalenus medius
|
|
|
Where does the scalneus anterior attach?
|
from the anterior tubercle of C3-6 and on the first rib
|
|
|
NAME
this attaches from the anterior tubercle of C3-C6 and on the first rib |
scalenus anterior
|
|
|
Where is the scalenus posterior located?
|
the posterior tubercles of C 4-6 to the 2nd rib
|
|
|
NAME
this attachs on the posterior tubercle of C4-C6 to the 2nd rib |
scalenus posterior
|
|
|
What does the scalenus posterior do?
|
elevate the first 2 ribs and are critcal in quiet respiration
|
|
|
NAME
these muscles elevate the first 2 ribs and are critical in quiet respiration |
scalenus posterior
|
|
|
What are the (3)scalene muscles in order?
|
(1)scalenus anterior (2)scalenus medius (3)scalenus posterior
|
|
|
NAME
there are three of this muscle: anterior, medius, and posterior |
scalenus
|
|
|
WHere is the brachial plexus located?
|
it is sandwiched in btwn the scalenus anterior and medius
|
|
|
NAME
this is sandwiched btwn the scalenus anterior and medius |
brachial plexus
|
|
|
What are the (5)andominal muscles? (from superfical to deep)
|
(1)rectus andominus (2)external oblique (3)internal oblique (4)tranverse abdominus (5)auadratus lumbroum
|
|
|
What are the (5)andominal muscles? (from superfical to deep)
|
(1)rectus andominus (2)external oblique (3)internal oblique (4)tranverse abdominus (5)auadratus lumbroum
|
|
|
What are the (5)andominal muscles? (from superfical to deep)
|
(1)rectus andominus (2)external oblique (3)internal oblique (4)tranverse abdominus (5)auadratus lumbroum
|
|
|
What is the rectus sheath?
|
is a sheath that encloses the rectus abdominus
|
|
|
NAME
this is sheath that encloses the rectus abdominus |
rectus sheath
|
|
|
What does the rectus abdominus do?
|
flexes the trunk
|
|
|
NAME
this muscle flexes the trunk |
rectus abdominus
|
|
|
NAME
this is the most powerful trunk flexor |
rectus abdominus
|
|
|
What is the most powerful trunk flexor?
|
rectus abdominus
|
|
|
NAME
this muscle is known as the "6 pack" |
rectus abdominus
|
|
|
What gives the rectus abdominus its well developed appearance?
|
the tendious intersections of the rectus abdominus
|
|
|
The anterior rectus sheath of the rectus abdominous is bound to the rectus at several points called (1)
|
tendinous intersections
|
|
|
What are tendinous intersections?
|
is where the anterior rectus sheath is bound to the rectus andominous muscle
|
|
|
What does inferiormedially mean?
|
it means that the fibers run inferiorly and medially
|
|
|
NAME
this is jst another way of saying the fibers run inferiorly and medially |
inferiormedially
|
|
|
Where does the external oblique attach? (3)
|
(1)5th to 12th ribs on the iliac crest (2)rectus sheath
|
|
|
NAME
this attaches at the 5th to 12th ribs on the iliac crest and rectus sheath |
external oblique
|
|
|
What are the fibers like for the external oblique?
|
they run inferiorly and medially
|
|
|
NAME (2)
these have fibers that run inferiorly and medially |
extneral oblique and the external intercostal muscles
|
|
|
What are the fibers like for the internal oblique?
|
the fibers run at right angles
|
|
|
NAME (2)
this muslces fiber run at right angles |
(1)internal oblique (2)internal intercostal muscles
|
|
|
Where is the internal oblique loacted?
|
(1)ilaic crest and the inguinal ligament (2)cartilages of the ribs 10-12 and aponeurosis of the rectus sheath
|
|
|
NAME
this muscles attaches at the ilaic crest and the inguinal ligament and the cartilages of the ribs 10-12 and aponeurosis of the rectus sheath |
internal oblique
|
|
|
What are the fibers of the tranverse andominus like?
|
they run horziontally
|
|
|
NAME
this muscle has fibers that run horzionatally |
tranverse abdominus
|
|
|
Tranverse is another name for (1)
|
horziontal
|
|
|
(1)is another name for horziontal
|
tranverse
|
|
|
Where does the tranverse abdominus attach?
|
(1)off the deep surfaces of the costal cartilage of ribs 7-12
|
|
|
NAME
these muscles attach off the deep surfaces of the costal cartilage of ribs 7-12 |
tranverse abdominus
|
|
|
What does the tranverse abdominus do? (2)
|
it regulates the intraabdominal pressure (2) are active in forced expiration
|
|
|
NAME
this muscles regualtes the intraabdominal pressure and are active in forced expiration |
tranverse abdominus
|
|
|
Where does the quadratus lumborum attach?
|
at the iliac crest and tranverse process of lumbar vertebrae 1-4 and the 12th rib
|
|
|
NAME
this muscle attaches at the iliac crest and the tranverse process of the lumbar vertebrae 1-4 and the 12th rib |
quadratus lumborum
|
|
|
What does the each invidual quadratus lumbroum do?
|
invidually it laterally flexs the trunk
|
|
|
NAME
invidually this muscle laterally flexes the trunk |
quadratus lumbroum
|
|
|
What does the two paired muscles of the quadratus lumbroum do? (2)
|
stablize (2)slightly depress the 12th rib
|
|
|
NAME
these stablize and slightly depress the 12th rib |
quadratus lumborum
|
|
|
All visceral organs are supplied by the (1)
|
ANS
|
|
|
All (1)organs are supplied by the ANS
|
visceral
|
|
|
Draw a chart of the divisions of the ANS
|
see notes
|
|
|
Draw a chart of the divisions of the ANS
|
see notes
|
|
|
What is the cranial nerve 7?
|
is the facial nerve
|
|
|
NAME
this is the facial nerve |
cranial nerve 7
|
|
|
NAME
this is primarly motor to the muscles of facial expression |
cranial nerve 7
|
|
|
Where does the C nerve 7 exit?
|
the skull through the stylomastoid foramena
|
|
|
NAME
this nerve exits through the skill through the stylomastoid foramen, passes deep to the parotid gland and sends 5 branches to the face |
C nerve 7
|
|
|
Describe the path of the C7?
|
the nerve exits the (1)skull at the stylonmastoid foramen (2)passes deep to the parotid gland (3)sends 5 branches to the face
|
|
|
What are the (5)branches of the face that the C7 supplies?
|
(1)temporal (2)zygomatic (3)buccal (4)mandibular (5)cervical
|
|
|
NAME
this supplies these five branches--temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical |
C7
|
|
|
(1) pass from C7 to the pterygopalatine and the submandibular ganglia
|
paraysmpathic preganlinonic neurons
|
|
|
paraysmpathic preganlinonic neurons pass from the (1)to the pterygopalatine and the submandibular ganglia
|
C7
|
|
|
paraysmpathic preganlinonic neurons pass from the C7 to the (1)and (2)
|
pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia
|
|
|
paraysmpathic preganlinonic neurons pass from the C7 to the (1)and (2)
|
pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia
|
|
|
paraysmpathic preganlinonic neurons pass from the C7 to the (1)and (2)
|
pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia
|
|
|
what does the sensory component of the parasympathic pregalglionic neuron do?
|
it innervtes the tongue, palate, and external ear
|
|
|
NAME
this innervtes the tongue, palate, and external ear |
sensory component of the parasympathic preganglionic neruon?
|
|
|
What does the special sensory fiber of the parasympathic preganglionic neruon do?
|
are the fibers of taste and form the 2/3 of the tongue
|
|
|
NAME
these are the fibers from taste and form the 2/3 of the tongue |
special sensory fiber of the parasympathic preganglionic neruon
|
|
|
What is the chorda tympani?
|
is where the special sensory fiber of the parasympathic preganglionic neruon are carried
|
|
|
NAME
this is where the special sensory fiber of the parasympathic preganglionic neruon |
chorda tympani
|
|
|
Describe the path of the special sensory fiber of the parasympathic preganglionic neruons?
|
it hitches a ride from tongue w the lingual branch of V3 to the main nerve to and enters the skull through the stylomastoid forarmen
|
|
|
NAME
this it hitches a ride from tongue w the lingual branch of V3 to the main nerve to and enters the skull through the stylomastoid forarmen |
the speacil sensory fibers of the parasympathetic preganglionic neuron
|
|
|
C10 is also called the (1)
|
vagus nerve
|
|
|
(1)is also called the vagus nerve
|
C10
|
|
|
What is the vagus nerve?
|
is the wanderer
|
|
|
NAME
this nerve is the wanderer |
vagus nerve
|
|
|
Why is the vagus nerve the wanderer?
|
bc it arises from the medulla and branches throughout the neck, thorax, and abdomen and as far as the the distal end of the tranverse colon
|
|
|
NAME
this nerve arises from the medulla and branches throughout the neck, thorax, and abdomen and as far as the distal end of the tranverse colon |
vagus nerve
|
|
|
NAME
this nerve is latin for wanderer |
vagus nerve
|
|
|
What is vagus latin for?
|
wanderer
|
|
|
NAME
this nerve is primarly composed of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons |
vagus nerve
|
|
|
What is the vagus primarly composed of?
|
preganglionic parasympathic neurons
|
|
|
What is the vagus primarly composed of?
|
preganglionic parasympathic neurons
|
|
|
What is the vagus primarly composed of?
|
preganglionic parasympathic neurons
|
|
|
Draw a diagraphm abot the C7 and vagus nerve
|
see notes
|
|
|
Draw a diagraphm abot the C7 and vagus nerve
|
see notes
|
|
|
Draw a diagraphm abot the C7 and vagus nerve
|
see notes
|
|
|
Draw a diagraphm abot the C7 and vagus nerve
|
see notes
|
|
|
NAME
this begins in the alimentary canal and runs aprox 25 cm beginning at the level of the cricoid cartilage passing through the diaphragm and terminating at into the stomach |
esophagus
|
|
|
Where does the esophagus terminate?
|
in the stomach
|
|
|
Where does the esophagus begin?
|
at the cricoid cartilage
|
|
|
Aprox how long is the esophagus?
|
25 cm
|
|
|
The abdominal cavity shows both (1)and (2)
|
parietal and visceral peritoneum
|
|
|
What is the perietal peritoneum?
|
lines the body wall and has a double layer
|
|
|
NAME
this lines the body wall of the abdominal cavity |
perietal peritoneum
|
|
|
What is the visceral peritoneum?
|
is attached to the external surface of a number of abdominal organs
|
|
|
NAME
this is attached to the external surface of a number of abdominal organs |
visceral peritoneum
|
|
|
What is mesentery?
|
is a double layer of visceral peritoneum through which nerves and vascular supply to reach organs
|
|
|
NAME
this is a double layer of visceral peritoneum |
mesentery
|
|
|
What is retroperitoneal mean?
|
refers to organ without a mesentery
|
|
|
NAME
this refers to organs without a mesentery |
retroperitoneal
|
|
|
Give a example of a retroperitoneal organ
|
kidney
|
|
|
The kidneyes are example of a (1)organ
|
retroperitoneal
|
|
|
What is the cardaic orifiace?
|
is the entrance of the esophagus into the stomach
|
|
|
NAME
this is entrance of the esophagus into the stomach |
cardiac orifiace
|
|
|
What is the fundus?
|
is the portion of the stomach superior to the entrance of the esophaguss
|
|
|
NAME
this is the portion of the stomach superior to the entrance of the esophaguys |
fundus
|
|
|
What is the body of the stomach?
|
is the central portion of the stomach
|
|
|
NAME
this is the central portion of the stomach |
body
|
|
|
What are the differ areas of the stomach? (3)
|
(1)fondus (2)body (3)pyloric
|
|
|
NAME
this has three parts: fondus, body, and pyloric |
stomach
|
|
|
What is the pyloric orifice?
|
is whre the stomach is continous w the duodenum
|
|
|
NAME
this is where the stomach is continous w the duoedenum |
pyloric orfice
|
|
|
What is pylroic sphincter?
|
is a circular layer of smooth muscle that controls the pyloric orfice
|
|
|
NAME
this is a circular layer of smooth muscle that controls the pyloric orfice |
pyloric sphincter
|
|
|
What kind of curvatures does the stomach have? (2)
|
(1)greater and lesser curvature
|
|
|
NAME
this organ has two curvatures: greater and lesser |
stomach
|
|
|
NAME
this organ has a lesser and greater omentum |
stomach
|
|
|
What is the lesser omentum?
|
it connects the liver w the proximal duodenum and the lesser curve of the stomach
|
|
|
NAME
this connects the liver w the proximal duodenum and the lesser curve of the stomach |
lesser omentum
|
|
|
What is the greater omentum?
|
it hangs like an apron from the greater curvature, obscuring the small intestine
|
|
|
NAME
this hangs like an apron from the greater curvature, obscuring the small intestine |
greater omentum
|
|
|
What is the duodenum?
|
is the c chaped structure at the orgin of the small intestine
|
|
|
NAME
this the C shaped structure at the orgin of the small intestine |
duodenum
|
|
|
What are the differ parts of the duodenum(4)
|
(1)superior (2)ascending (3)horizonral (4)ascending
|
|
|
NAME
this has four parts: superior, ascending, horizontal, and ascending |
duodenum
|
|
|
What is the major duodenal papilla?
|
presents the joint opening of the greater pancreatic and common bile ducts
|
|
|
NAME
this presents the joint opening of the greater pancreatic and common bile ducts |
major duodenal papilla
|
|
|
What is the duodenojejunal flexure?
|
is where the duodenum ends
|
|
|
nAME
this is where the duodenum ends |
duodenojejunal flexure
|
|
|
Is the duodenum a true muscle?
|
no
|
|
|
Why is the duodenum not a true muscle?
|
bc the it is composed of skeletal, elastic fibers, and smooth muscle
|
|
|
T or F
the duodenum is true muscle |
false
|
|
|
What are (3)parts of the small intestine?
|
(1)duodenum (2)jejunum (3)ileum
|
|
|
NAME
this has three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum |
small intestine
|
|
|
What is the jejunum?
|
comprises 40% of the remaining length of the small intestine
|
|
|
NAME
this comprises 40% of the remaining length of the small intestine |
jenunum
|
|
|
jenunum comprises (1)of the remaining length of the small intestine
|
jenunum
|
|
|
T or F
there is a clear junction btwn the jejunum and the illeum |
false
|
|
|
is there a clear junction btwn the jejunum and the illeum?
|
no
|
|
|
What is the ileum?
|
is a terminal portion of the small intestine composing 60% of it
|
|
|
NAME
this is a terminal portion of the small intestine composing of the 60% of it |
ileum
|
|
|
What is the ileoceceal orfice?
|
is where the ileum joints the beginning of the large intestine
|
|
|
the large intestine is also called the (1)
|
colon
|
|
|
the (1)is also called the colon
|
large intestine
|
|
|
What is the large intestine?
|
surrounds the small intestine on 3 sides like an inverted U
|
|
|
NAME
this surrounds the small intestine on 3 sides like an inverted U |
large intestine
|
|
|
What is the teniae coli?
|
are 3 longitudinal bands of muscle
|
|
|
NAME
these are three longitudinal bands of muscle |
teniae coli
|
|
|
Where are the teniae coli located?
|
on the colon
|
|
|
Are there teniae coli on the jejunum and the ileum?
|
no
|
|
|
T or F
there are teniae coli on the jejunum and the ileum |
false
|
|
|
How can u clear id the colon from the jejunum and the ileum?
|
yes bc the jejunum and the ileum do not have a teniae coli while the colon does
|
|
|
What are appendices epipploicae?
|
are small pouches of fat-filled peritoneum seen through the colon
|
|
|
NAME
these are small pouches of fat-filled peritoneum seen through out the colon |
appendices epipploicae
|
|
|
What is the cecum?
|
is a blind pouch at the inferior end of the ascending colon
|
|
|
NAME
this is a blind pouch at the inferior end of the ascending colon |
cecum
|
|
|
NAME
this has a pouch called a cecum and the appendix |
the large intestine
|
|
|
The colon has a (1)and (2)
|
a pouch called cecum and appendix
|
|
|
NAME
this has a pouch called cecum and appendix |
colon
|
|
|
NAME
this is about 9 cm long and contains abundant amounts of lymphatic tissues |
appendix
|
|
|
What is the appendix?
|
is about 9 cm long and contains abundant amounts of lymathic tissue
|
|
|
What is the mesoappendix?
|
refers to how the appendix has its own mesentery
|
|
|
NAME
this refers to how the appendix has its own mesentery |
mesoappendix
|
|
|
The hepatic flexure is also called the (1)
|
right colic flexure
|
|
|
the (1)is also called the right colic flexure
|
hepatic flexure
|
|
|
the ascending colon passes retroperitoneally to a point jst inferior to the liver where it bends sharply to the left to become the (1)
|
tranverse colon
|
|
|
the (1)passes retroperitoneally to point jst inferior to the liver where it bends sharply to the left to become the tranverse colon
|
ascending colon
|
|
|
The ascending colon passes retroperitoneally to a point jst inferior to the (1)where it (2)to become the tranverse colon
|
(1)liver (2)bends sharply to the left
|
|
|
What is the hepatic flexure?
|
refers to where the ascending colon bends sharply to become the tranverse colon
|
|
|
NAME
this refers to where the ascending colon bends sharply to become the tranverse colon |
hepatic flexure
|
|
|
Explain how the large intestine changes (3)
|
(1)the ascending colon bends passes to a point inferiorly past the liver to bend sharply to the left to become the tranverse colon (2)tranverse colon passes to the left to become toward the spleen where it again bends sharply to become the descending colon (3)the descending colon then contintues as the sigmoid colon
|
|
|
Explain how the large intestine changes (3)
|
the colon goes from (1)ascending (2)tranverse (3)descending (4)sigmoid
|
|
|
Explain how the large intestine changes (3)
|
(1)the ascending colon bends passes to a point inferiorly past the liver to bend sharply to the left to become the tranverse colon (2)tranverse colon passes to the left to become toward the spleen where it again bends sharply to become the descending colon (3)the descending colon then contintues as the sigmoid colon
|
|
|
The (1)colon continues as the sigmoid colon
|
descending
|
|
|
the descending continues as the (1)colon
|
sigmoid
|
|
|
the (1)colon passes to the left toward the spleen where it bends sharply to become the descending colon
|
tranverse colon
|
|
|
the tranverse colon passes to the left toward the spleen where it bends sharply to become the (1)colon
|
descending
|
|
|
the tranverse colon passes to the left toward the (1)where it (2)sharply to become the descending colon
|
(1)spleen (2)bends
|
|
|
What is the splenic flexure?
|
is where the tranverse colon bends to become the descending colon
|
|
|
NAME
this refers to where the tranverse colon bends to become the descending colon |
splenic flexure
|
|
|
NAME
this connects the colon to the rectum and has mesentery |
mesocolon
|
|
|
What does the word vagus mean in latin?
|
wanderer
|
|
|
NAME
this is latin for wanderer |
vagus
|
|
|
Where does the vagus nerve arive from?
|
medulla and branches throughout the thorax and abdomen as distal as the colon
|
|
|
NAME
this nerve arises from the medulla and branches throughout the thorax and the abdomen as distal as the colon |
vagus nerve
|
|
|
What is the vagus nerve composed of for the most part?
|
preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
|
|
|
NAME
this nerve is composed primarly of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons |
the vagus nerve
|
|
|
What do the preganglionic parasympathic nerusons do?
|
affect the carotid sinus, heart lungs, digestive organs, and associative glands that contain some of each of the other three type of neurons
|
|
|
NAME
this type of neuron affects the cartoid singus, heart, lungs, digestive organs, and associative organs that contain some of each of the other three types of neurons |
preganglionic parasympathic neurons
|
|
|
What do the motor fibers of the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons do?
|
they pass to the muscles of the larnyx and the pharynx
|
|
|
NAME
this fibers of pass to the muscles of the larnyx and the pharynx |
motor fibers of the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
|
|
|
What are the sensory fibers of the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons do?
|
sense the organs for pain in the skin of the external auditory meatus
|
|
|
NAME
these sense the organs for pain in the skin of the external auditory meatus |
sensory fibers of the preganlgionic parasympathetic neurons
|
|
|
What are the speacil sensory fibers of the preganglionic parasympathic neurons?
|
fibers for taste from the epiglottis and strech receptors in the walls of the great vessels and the lung
|
|
|
NAME
these are fibers for taste from the epiglottis and sterch receptors in the walls of the great vessels and the lungs |
speacil sensory fibers of the preganglionic parasympathic neurons?
|
|
|
The (1)covers the exterior of the heart
|
visceral pericardium
|
|
|
NAME
this recieves venous blood from the venae cavae |
right atrium
|
|
|
What is the fossa ovalis?
|
is part of the right atrium that is a prenatal shunt btwn the atria
|
|
|
NAME
this part of the right atrium that acts as a prenatal shunt btwn the atria |
fossa ovalis
|
|
|
What is the coronary sinus?
|
is the main venous drainage of the heart
|
|
|
NAME
this is the main venous drainage of the heart |
coronary sinus
|
|
|
What are (3)important features of the right atrium?
|
(1)fossa ovalis (2)has opening of the inferior vena ova w its valve or lip which serves to direct the blood toward the foramen ovale during the fetal period (3)coronary sinus
|
|
|
NAME
this has fossa ovalis, an openin of the inferior vena cava w its valve or lip which serves to direct the blood toward the foramen ovale during the fetal period and the coronary sinus |
right atrium
|
|
|
What is the right veentricle characterized by?
|
an atrioventricular valve w three cusps
|
|
|
NAME
this is characterized by an atrioventricular valve w three cusps |
right ventricle
|
|
|
What are three cusps of the atrioventricular valve? (3)
|
(1)anterior (2)posterior (3)medial
|
|
|
NAME
this has three cusps: anterior, posterior, and medial |
atrioventricular valve of the right ventricle
|
|
|
What does the pulomarny semilunar valve do?
|
prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle during ventricular filling
|
|
|
NAME
this prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle during ventricular filling |
pulmonary semilunar valve
|
|
|
the left atrium is also called the (1)
|
posterior atrium
|
|
|
(1)is also called the posterior atrium
|
left atrium
|
|
|
the left atrium is also called the (1)
|
posterior atrium
|
|
|
NAME
oxygen rich blood from the lungs enters this chamber via 4 pulmonary viens |
left atrium
|
|
|
Left atrium is charactered by a (1)
|
bicuspid valve
|
|
|
(1)is characterized by a bicuspid valve
|
left atrium
|
|
|
The bicuspid valve is also called the (1)
|
mitral valve
|
|
|
The (1)is also called the mitral valve
|
bicuspid valve
|
|
|
Why is the bicuspid valve called the mitral valve?
|
bc of its fancied resemblance to a biship's mitre
|
|
|
NAME
this is called the mitral valve bc of its resemblance to a bishop's mitre |
bicuspid valve
|
|
|
Opening of the (1)is via bicuspid valve
|
left ventricle
|
|
|
the anterior cusp of the bicuspid valve is sometimes called the (1)
|
aortic cusp
|
|
|
The (1)of the biscuspid valve is sometimes called teh aortic cusp
|
anterior
|
|
|
Why is the anterior cusp of the biscuspid valve sometimes called the aortic cusp?
|
bc anterior cusp faces both the inflow of blood from the atrium and the outflow of blood from the ventricle
|
|
|
NAME
this is sometimes called the aortic cusp bc faces both the inflow of the blood from the atrium and the outflow of blood from the ventricle |
anterior cusp of the biscuspid valve
|
|
|
What are some unique characteristics of the left ventricle?
|
(1)has a vicupsid valve (2)has many travercule carnae (3)aortic sinuses
|
|
|
NAME
this has a bicsupid valve, has many trabeculae caranae, a semilunar vavle, and aortic sinuses |
left ventricle
|
|
|
What does the aortic semilunar valve do when it closes?
|
the closure of the valve is assisted by retrograde accumulation of the last portion of blood ejected from the ventricle
|
|
|
What does the aortic semilunar valve do when it opens?
|
opening of the semiulnar valve during the next ventricular contraction assists in pushing blood in the aortic sinuses into the coronary arteries
|
|
|
What does the aortic semilunar valve do when it opens?
|
opening of the semiulnar valve during the next ventricular contraction assists in pushing blood in the aortic sinuses into the coronary arteries
|
|
|
Draw a diagraphm of the bronchi tree
|
see notes
|
|
|
Draw a diagraphm of the bronchi tree
|
see notes
|
|
|
What is the trachea?
|
is a cartilinious ring that has the adam's apple on top of it
|
|
|
NAME
this is a cartilingious ring that has the adam's apple on top of it |
trachea
|
|
|
The (1)lies posterior to the trachea
|
esophagus
|
|
|
the esophagus lies posterior to the(1
|
trachea
|
|
|
the esophaguys lies (1)to the trachea
|
posterior
|
|
|
NAME
the posterior wall of the this i s a flattened membrane that can stretch during the passage of food |
trachea
|
|
|
the trachea is in intimate relationship w the (1)
|
thyroid gland
|
|
|
the (1)is in intimate relationship w the thyroid gland
|
trachea
|
|
|
What is the isthums?
|
this is where the first 4 tracheal cartilages meet in the midline
|
|
|
NAME
this is where the first 4 tracheal cartilages meet in the midline |
isthums
|
|
|
What is trachemotomy?
|
is an emergency procedure to create incesion so air can get into the lungs
|
|
|
NAME
this an emergency procedure to create an incesion so air can get into the lungs |
trachemotomy
|
|
|
NAME
this structure is of significance bc its mucous membrane is quite senstive and is intimately involved in the cough reflex |
carina
|
|
|
What is the carnia
|
is a structure that is significant bc it mucous membrane is quite senstive and is intimately involved in the cough reflex
|
|
|
NAME
this ends at approximately the level of T4 by bifurcating into the left and right primary bronchi |
trachea
|
|
|
What is the apex?
|
is the most superior tip of the lungs
|
|
|
NAME
this is the most superior tip of the lung |
apex
|
|
|
What is the base of the lung?
|
is the most inferior portion of the lung
|
|
|
NAME
this is the most inferior portion of the lung |
base of the lung
|
|
|
What are the parts of the lung? (2)
|
(1)apex (2)base (3)root
|
|
|
Each lung is coverted intimately w (1)
|
visceral pleura
|
|
|
What is the root of the lung?
|
is the point of entry/exit of the primary bronchi and vessels
|
|
|
NAME
this is the point of entry/exit of the primary bronchi vessels |
lung
|
|
|
NAME
this has 3 parts:apex, base, and root |
lung
|
|
|
What are (2)unique features of the left lung?
|
they are associated w the position of heart (1)cardiac notch (2)cardiac impression
|
|
|
NAME
this has two unique features bc of its position to the heart: cardiac notch and the cardaic impression |
left lung
|
|
|
What is the pleural cavity?
|
is a potential space btwn the visceral and parietal pleuras
|
|
|
NAME
this is a potential space btwn the visceral and parietal pleuras |
pleural cavity
|
|
|
What are some unqiue features about the rectum? (3)
|
(1)it has neither teniae coli or mesentery (2)2 flexures (3)three folds
|
|
|
NAME
this has neither teniae coli, 2 flexures, and three folds |
rectum
|
|
|
T or F
the rectum has teniae coli and mesentery |
false
|
|
|
Does the rectum have teniae coli and mesentery?
|
no
|
|
|
What are the (2)flexures of the rectum?
|
(1)anteriorly concanve sacral flexure to conform w the curve of the sacrum (2) anteriorly convex perineal flexure for passage through the pelvic diaphragm and continuation w the anal canal and (2)
|
|
|
NAME
this has two flexures: an anteriorly concave sacral flexure to conform w the curve of the sacrum and an anteriorly convex perineal flexure for passage through the pelvic diaphargm and continuation w the anal canal |
rectum
|
|
|
What are the (3)folds of the rectum?
|
(1)superior (2)middle (3)inferior folds
|
|
|
NAME
this three folds: superior, middle, and inferior |
rectum
|
|
|
Describe the anal canal (2)
|
(1)features a large plexus of hemorrhoidal veins, (2)external and internal sphinctor muscles (3)anal columns richly endowed w venous plexues
|
|
|
NAMe
this has a large plexus of homorrhiodal veins and external and internal sphinctor muscles and anal columns richly endowed a venous plexues |
anal canal
|
|
|
What is the anus?
|
is the inferior opening of the anal canal
|
|
|
NAME
this is the inferior opening of the anal canal |
anus
|
|
|
Describe the pancreas
|
the head of the pancreas is nestled in the curvature of the dyodenum while the the body and tail point to the left and the spleen
|
|
|
NAME
the head of this is nestled in the curvature of the duodenum while the body and tail point to the left and the spleen |
pancreas
|
|
|
Where is the head of the pancreas located?
|
it is nestled in the curvature of the dduodenum
|
|
|
What is carina?
|
this is where the primary bronchi splits
|
|
|
NAME
this is where the primary bronchi splits |
carina
|
|
|
As you go proximal on the bronchi tree, tissues loses (1) and becomes (2)and then (3)
|
cartilage (2)muscle (3)pure pulomary lung tissue
|
|
|
Where does gas exchange occur?
|
at the alveoli
|
|
|
NAME
gas exchange occurs here |
alevoli
|
|
|
What is the alevoli?
|
is where gas exchange occurs
|
|
|
What is bronchiitis?
|
is inflammation of the lungs
|
|
|
NAME
this inflammation of the lungs |
bronchitis
|
|
|
Bronchitis is considered a (1)infection
|
lower respiratory
|
|
|
If bronchitis is big enought it might (1)
|
comprose a whole lung and become phenumena
|
|
|
if (1)is big enough it might comprose a whole lung and become phenumena
|
bronchitis
|
|
|
the lungs are divided up into (1)
|
segments
|
|
|
T or F
bc the lungs are divided up into segements you can remove a segment if its collapsed |
true
|
|
|
NAME
this type of tissue is highly elastic and recoils |
lung tissue
|
|
|
EACh lung has two layer covering it (1)and (2)
|
(1)parietal (2)viesceral layer
|
|
|
Digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas enter the duodenum via the (1)
|
greater and accessary pancreatic ducts
|
|
|
Where is the liver located?
|
superior to the first portion of the duodenum
|
|
|
NAME
this is located superior to the first portion of the duodenum |
liver
|
|
|
What are (2)subdivision of the right lobe of the liver?
|
(1)quadrate (2)caudate
|
|
|
NAME
this lobe of the liver--has two divisions: quadrate and caudate |
right
|
|
|
What are the (2)lobes of the liver?
|
(1)larger right lobd (2)smaller left lobe
|
|
|
NAME
this has a larger right lobe and smaller left lobe |
liver
|
|
|
right and left hepatic ducts leave thier respective lobe to unite as the (1)
|
common hepatic duct
|
|
|
What are is the subphrenic recess?
|
is a blind peritoneal pouch found btwn the deep surface of the diaphragm and superior surface of the liver
|
|
|
NAME
this is a blind peritoneal pouch found btwn the deep surface of the diaphargm and the superior surface of the liver |
subphrenic recess
|
|
|
What is the coronary ligament?
|
is where the subphrenic recess ends
|
|
|
NAME
this is where the subphrenic recess ends |
coronary ligament
|
|
|
What is the hepatorenal recess?
|
is a peritioneal pouch btwn the right kidney and the liver
|
|
|
NAME
this is a peritioneal pouch btwn the right kidney and the liver |
hepatorneal recess
|
|
|
What is the differ bwtn the subphrenic recess and the hepatorenal recess?
|
(1)subphrenic recess-is a peritoneal pouch found btwn the deep surface of the diaphragm and the superior surface of the liver (2)hepatorenal recess=is a peritoneal pouch btwn the right kidney and the liver
|
|
|
What is the hepatorenal ligament?
|
is found at the superior end of the hepatorenal recess
|
|
|
NAME
this is found at the superior end of the heptatorenal recess |
hepatorenal ligament
|
|
|
What is the bare area?
|
an area devoid of pertioneum found on the liver btwn the the heptaorenal ligament and the coronary ligament
|
|
|
NAME
this an area devoid of the pertioneum found on the liver btwn the heptaorenal ligament and the coronary ligament |
bare area
|
|
|
Where is the gall bladder found?
|
btwn the inferior surface of the liver
|
|
|
NAME
this is found btwn the inferior surface of the liver |
gall bladder
|
|
|
NAME
this is the outer layer of pleura covering the lung |
pariteal layer
|
|
|
What is the parietal pleura of the lung?
|
is the outer layer of the lung
|
|
|
NAME
this is the inner pleura layer of the lung |
visceral layer
|
|
|
What is the visceral layer of the lung?
|
is the inner layer of the lung
|
|
|
What is the pleura cavity?
|
is a cavity in btwn the visceral and periatel pleura
|
|
|
NAME
this is a cavity in btwn the visceral and the perietal pleura |
pleura cavity
|
|
|
What is the hilus?
|
is th3 point of entry and exit of vessels and bronchi
|
|
|
NAME
this is the point of entry and exit of vessels and bronchi |
hilus
|
|
|
NAME
this proviedes negative pressure during inspiration |
tension btwn 2 pleura layers
|
|
|
tension btwn 2 pleura layers provides (1)
|
negative pressure during inspiration
|
|
|
The cystic duct meets the common (1)duct to form the (2)which usally unites w (3)for a joint opening into the descending portion of the duodenum
|
(1)hepatic duct (2)common bile duct (3)pancreatic duct
|
|
|
the (1)meets the common (2)to form the (3)which usallly unites w the (4)for a joint opening into the descending portion of the duodenum
|
(1)cystic duct (2)heptic duct (3)common bile duct (4)pancreatic duct
|
|
|
Describe the flow of waste from the gall bladder (4)
|
it goes from the (1)cystic duct (2)heptic duct (3)common bile duct (4)pancreatic duct
|
|
|
Where is the spleen located?
|
it is appended to the greater curvature of the stomach (2)and anchored to the left kidney
|
|
|
NAME
this is appended to the greater curvature of the stomach and anchored to the left kidney |
spleen
|
|
|
What keeps the spleen appended to the greater curvature of the stomach?
|
gastrolienal ligament
|
|
|
What is the gastrolienal ligament?
|
keeps the spleen appended to the greater curvature of the stomach
|
|
|
NAME
this keeps the spleen appended to the greater curvature of the stomach |
gastrolienal ligament
|
|
|
What anchors the spleen to the left kidney?
|
the lienorenal ligament
|
|
|
NAME
this anchors the spleen to the left kidney |
lienorenal ligament
|
|
|
What is the lienorenal ligament?
|
it anchors the spleen to the left kidney
|
|
|
What are the functions of the liver?
|
(1)desctruction and removal of old red blood cells
|
|
|
NAME
its function is to destroy and remove old red blood cells |
spleen
|
|
|
What is bilirubin? (2)
|
it helps to break down old red blood cells (2)the livers uses it in production of bile
|
|
|
NAME
this helps in the break down of old red blood cells and the liver uses it in the production of bile |
bilirubin
|
|
|
What does it mean that the lung collapsed? (2)
|
it means that the lung loses negative presssure and the pleural cavity collapses (2)this causes 2 pleura layers to wrap around the lung==preventing it from expanding
|
|
|
What does it mean that the lung collapsed?(2)
|
it means that the lung loses negative presssure and the pleural cavity collapses (2)this causes 2 pleura layers to wrap around the lung==preventing it from expanding
|
|
|
What are the (4)chambers of the heart?
|
(1)2 atrium-left and right
(2)2 ventricles=left and right |
|
|
NAME
this has 4 chambers--2 atrium (left and right) and 2 ventricles (left and right) |
heart
|
|
|
Draw a diaphgram of the flow of blood to the heart
|
see notes
|
|
|
Draw a diaphgram of the flow of blood to the heart
|
see notes
|
|
|
NAME
this recieves venous blood from the superior and inferior vena cava |
right atrium
|
|
|
the right atrium recieves (1)blood from the superior and inferior vena cava
|
venous
|
|
|
the right atrium recives venous blood from the (1)and (2)
|
(1)superior and inferior vena cava
|
|
|
What does the right atricle valve do?
|
it opens/closes to allow blood into the right atrium and right ventricle
|
|
|
NAME
this opens/closes to allow blood into the right atrium and right ventricle |
right atrictle valve
|
|
|
What happens when the right atrictle valve closes?
|
the right ventricle contracts and ejects blood through the pulmonary trunk
|
|
|
the pulmonary trunk splits into the (1)and (2)that go to the (3)
|
right and left pulmonary arteries (3)lungs
|
|
|
NAME
this splits into the right and left pulomanary arteries that go to the lungs |
pulmonary trunk
|
|
|
blood goes through (1)drain into the left atrium
|
left atrium
|
|
|
blood goes from the 4 pulmonary veins to the (1)
|
left atrium
|
|
|
blood moves to the left atrium to the (2)
|
left ventricle
|
|
|
blood moves from the (1) to the left ventricle
|
left atrium
|
|
|
blood moves from the left ventricle going through the (1)which is then ejected into the aorta as it leaves the left ventricle, it forms the aortic arch
|
atrenticular valve
|
|
|
blood going through the (1)throuhg the atrenticular valve is ejected into the aorta as it leaves the (2)it forms the aortic arch
|
left ventricle
|
|
|
blood going through the left ventricle, through the atrenticular valve is ejected into the (1)as it leaves the left ventricle to form the (20
|
(1)aorta (2)aortic arch
|
|
|
the aortic arch then becomes the (1)
|
descending aorta
|
|
|
How far does the descending aorta go?
|
descends down the thorax and pierces the diaphargm but does not go through the pelvis
|
|
|
Is there communication btwn the left and righ atrium?
|
no
|
|
|
T or F
there is communication btwn the left and right atrium |
false
|
|
|
T or F
some people can communicate btwn the left and right atrium |
true
|
|
|
the left ventricle is (1)than the right ventricle
|
thicker
|
|
|
how is the left and right ventricle different?
|
the left is thicker than the right
|
|
|
What are the affects of having a right and left atrium that can communicate btwn each other?
|
the heart works harder and delivers less quality blood
|
|
|
What are the coronary arteries?
|
they supply the heart muscle w blood or mycardium
|
|
|
NAME
these supply the heart muscle w blood or mycardium |
coronary arteries
|
|
|
the (1)gets the best blood to the supercial myocardium
|
1st branch of the aorta
|
|
|
the first branch of the aorta gets the (1)blood to superifical (2)
|
(1)best (2)myocardium
|
|
|
What does MI stand for?
|
myocardio infract
|
|
|
MI is jst another name for (1)
|
heart attack
|
|
|
(1)is jt another name for heart attack
|
MI
|
|
|
How does a MI occur?(2)
|
occurs when fat blocks a coronary artery amd the heart cant get enough O2 (2)next the heart stops, heart tissue dies and is replaced by scar tisssue
|
|
|
How does a MI occur?(2)
|
occurs when fat blocks a coronary artery amd the heart cant get enough O2 (2)next the heart stops, heart tissue dies and is replaced by scar tisssue
|
|
|
Is stomach pain where people think it is?
|
unlike what people think when u have a stomach pain...the stomach is reallly posterior to the xphoid process and the pain is felt else where bc it radiates
|
|
|
the stomach is filled w (1)
|
HCL
|
|
|
NAME
this is filled w HCL |
stomach
|
|
|
the stomach has (1)
|
2 sphinctors
|
|
|
HCL is a (1)
|
strong acid
|
|
|
NAME
this is an example of a strong acid |
HCL in the stomach
|
|
|
NAME
this supplies the intercostal muscles, and the serratus posterior superior |
intercostal nerve
|
|
|
What is the intercostal nerve? (4)
|
it supplies the (1)intercostal muscles (2)tranverse thoracic subcostal muscle (3)serratus superior(4)serratus inferior
|
|
|
NAME
this supplies the intercostal muscles, tranveres thoracic subcostal muscle, serratus superior and serratus inferior |
intercostal muscle
|
|
|
What is the intercostal nerve? (4)
|
it supplies the (1)intercostal muscles (2)tranverse thoracic subcostal muscle (3)serratus superior(4)serratus inferior
|
|
|
the levator costarum is supplied by the (1)
|
posterior rami
|
|
|
Why do people who are taking chemo throw up and lose theeir hair ?
|
(1)bc HCl is a strong acid, stomach cells need to reproduce really fast (2)hair follices do this too (3)chemo kills cells that are highly mititoic
|
|
|
NAME
this kills cells that are highly mitotic |
chemo
|
|
|
chemo kills cells that are highly (1)
|
mitioic
|
|
|
NAME
most digestion occurs here |
small intestine
|
|
|
Most (1)occurs in the small intestine
|
digestion
|
|
|
Most (1)occurs in the large intestine
|
water absobrtion
|
|
|
NAME
most water absorbtion occurs here |
large intestine
|
|
|
Where does most water absorbation occur?
|
large intestine
|
|
|
Where does most digestion occur?
|
small intestine
|
|
|
NAME
this acts as the body's buffer |
bicarbonate
|
|
|
bicarbonate is the body's (1)
|
buffer
|
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NAME
this is the body's buffer |
bicarbonate
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What are some functions of the liver? (3)
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(1)synthesis digestive hormones (2)stores glucose in the form of glucogen (3)detoxifying properties
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NAME
this has syntehsis digestive hormones, stores glucose in the form of the glucogen, and detoxifying properties |
liver
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What is unique about the liver?
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it regenerates
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NAME
this gland is unique bc it regenerates |
liver
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What are the only organs u can live w out? (3)
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(1)gallbladder (2)spleen (3)appendex
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T or F
you can live out your gallbladder, spleen, and appendex |
true
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