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578 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the skeleton of the head called?
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CRANIUM
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What is the bony case of the brain which includes cranial meninges?
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NEUROCRANIUM
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What are the singular bones of the neurocranium?
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FRONTAL
ETHMOID SPHENOIDAL OCCIPITAL |
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What are the paired bones of neurocranium?
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TEMPORAL
PARIETAL |
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What is the dome-like roof of the neurocranium called?
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CALVARIA (SKULL CAP)
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What is the floor of the neurocranium called?
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CRANIAL BASE
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Anterior part of the cranium is called?
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VISCEROCRANIUM
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What are the singular bones of the viscerocranium?
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MANDIBLE
ETHMOID VOMER |
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What are the paired bones of viscerocranium?
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MAXILLAE
INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE ZYGOMATIC PALATINE NASAL LACRIMAL |
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What are the fibrous joint between cranial bones called?
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SUTURE
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What contains air spaces that increase with age?
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PNEUMATIZED BONES
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What is the unossified area is the infant's cranium?
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FONTANEL
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What is the skeleton of forehead and superior margin and root of orbit called?
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FRONTAL BONE
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What is smooth slightly depressed area between the supercillary arches called?
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GLABELLA
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What are the ridges extending on each side of glabella called especially in males?
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SUPERCILLARY ARCHES
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What are the angular boundary between squamous (flat) and orbital parts called?
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SUPRAORBITAL MARGIN
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What is located in the supraorbital margins?
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SUPRAORBITAL FORAMEN
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Frontal bone consists of?
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GLABELLA
SUPERCILIARY ARCHES SUPRAORBITAL MARGIN SUPRAORBITAL FORAMEN |
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What forms prominence of cheeks, lie inferolateral to orbits and rest on maxillae?
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ZYGOMATIC BONES
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What foramen are on facial side?
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ZYGOMATICOFACIAL FORAMEN
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What foramen is on temporal side?
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ZYGOMATICOTEMPORAL FOREMEN
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What are two foramen zygomatic bone consist of?
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ZYGOMATICOFACIAL FOREMEN
ZYGOMATICOTEMPORAL FOREMAN |
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What is quadrangular pyramid, with base anteriorly, apex posteriorly, and 4 walls?
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ORBIT
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Neurocranium consists of?
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SINGULAR BONES
PAIRED BONES CALVARIA CRANIAL BASE |
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Viscerocranium consist of?
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SINGULAR BONES
PAIRED BONES |
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What contributes to medial wall and contains fossa for lacrima sac?
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LACRIMAL BONE
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What is posterior to lacrimal bone, very thin bone, and contributes to medial wall?
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ORBITAL PLATE OF ETHMOID LAMINA (LAMINA PAPYRECEA-PAPER LIKE)
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What contributes to superior wall?
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FRONTAL BONE
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What bone consists of greater wing which contributes to later wall, while lesser wing contributes to superior wall near apex?
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SPHENOID BONE
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Greater bone contributes to what wall?
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LATERAL WALL
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Lesser wing contributes to what wall near the apex?
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SUPERIOR WALL
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What canal is through the lesser wing?
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OPTIC CANAL
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What bone contributes slightly to apex?
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ORBITAL PROCESS OF PALATINE BONE
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What bone contributes significantly to lateral wall?
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ZYGOMATIC BONE
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What contributes significantly to inferior wall?
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MAXILLA
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What is located between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid?
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SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
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What is between maxilla, zygomatic, and greater wing of the sphenoid?
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INFERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
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What lies over ridge nose, make up the base of the nose?
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NASAL BONE
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What is the pear-shaped anterior opening of the nose in the cranium?
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PIRIFORM APERTURE
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Nasal septum consist of?
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PERPENDICULAR PLATE OF ETHMOID
VOMER |
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Curvy bony plates on the lateral wall of each nasal cavity are called?
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NASAL CONCHAE
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What is an individual bone?
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INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE
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What is nasal conchae is part of the ethmoid bone?
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MIDDLE AND SUPERIOR NASAL CONCHAE
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What forms upper jaw and is the supporting bone for maxillary teeth?
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MAXILLAE
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What processes consists tooth sockets?
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ALVEOLAR PROCESSES
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What foramen is inferior to each orbit?
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INFRAORBITAL FORAMEN
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What process articulates with zygomatic bone?
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ZYGOMATIC PROCESS
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What is posterior on maxilla, behind last tooth. It's most prominent after growth of wisdom tooth?
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MAXILLARY TUBEROSITY
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What is U-shaped that supports the mandibular teeth?
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MANDIBLE
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Horizontal part of the mandible is called the?
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BODY
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Verticle part of the mandible is called?
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RAMUS
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What is union of body and ramus called in the mandible?
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ANGLE
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What forms prominence of chin in the mandible?
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MENTAL PROTUBERANCE
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Whats on the outside of body of mandible?
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MENTAL FORAMEN
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Anteriorly located on mandible?
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CORONOID PROCESS
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What is between coronoid and condylar process on mandible?
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MANDIBULAR NOTCH
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What inserts into mandibular fossa of the temporal bone to form the TMJ in mandible?
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CONDYLAR PROCESS
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What houses the lower teeth in mandible?
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ALVEOLAR PROCESS OF MANDIBLE
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What is the bony partitions separating tooth sockets in mandible?
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INTERALVEOLAR SEPTA
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What site of attachment for muscles in mandible?
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MENTAL SPINE
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What is next to and guarded by the lingula in mandible?
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MANDIBULAR FORAMEN
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Spinous process protecting the mandibular foramen and the nerve in mandible?
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LINGULA
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What is superior and lateral part of neurocranium?
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PARIETAL
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What lies inferior to parietal bones on both sides?
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TEMPORAL
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What is front boundary of mandibular fossa?
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ARTICULAR TUBERCLE
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What is anteromedial to mastoid process?
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STYLOID PROCESS
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What is posteroinferior to external acoustic meatus opening?
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MASTOID PROCESS
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What is external ear opening?
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EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS OPENING
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What forms part of zygomatic arch?
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ZYGOMATIC PROCESS
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What is anterior and upper part, contributes to temporal fossa?
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SQUAMOUS PART
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What is formed by the zygomatic process (temporal bone) and temporal process (zygomatic bone)?
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ZYGOMATIC ARCH
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What is anterior to temporal bone and inferior to frontal?
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GREATER WING OF SPHENOID BONE
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What is the weak area of bone junction?
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PTERION
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What is muscle filled space?
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TEMPORAL FOSSA
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Sphenoid bone consist of?
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INFRATEMPORAL CREST
LATERAL PTERYGOID PLATE |
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What is medial to ramus of mandible and zygomatic arch?
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INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA
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What communicates the infratemporal fossa with the orbit?
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INFERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
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What is the opening on medial wall of pterygopalatine fossa, leading to nasal cavity?
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SPHENOPALATINE FORAMEN
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What is pyramidal space, medial to pterygomaxillary fissure?
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PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA
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What connects infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa?
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PTERYGOMAXILLARY FISSURE
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What separates parietal and temporal bones from occipital bones?
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LAMBDOID SUTURE
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What suture separates parietal bones?
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SAGITTAL SUTURE
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What suture separates frontal and parietal bones?
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CORONAL SUTURE
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What is anterior to superior nuchal line and posterior to posterior rim of foramen magnum in occipital bone?
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INFERIOR NUCHAL LINE
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What extends laterally from external occipital protuberance. Marks the superior limit of neck posteriorly in occipital bone?
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SUPERIOR NUCHAL LINE
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What extends medially from external occipital protuberance to foramen magnum in occipital bone/
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EXTERNAL OCCIPITAL CREST
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What is muscle and ligament attach to in occipital bone?
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EXTERNAL OCCIPITAL PROTUBERANCE
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What is anterior to occipital condyles in occipital bones?
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HYPOGLOSSAL CANAL
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What is contained in the condylar fossa in occipital bone?
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CONDYLAR CANAL
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What depression is posterior to foramen magnum and containing the condylar canal in occipital bone?
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CONDYLAR FOSSA
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What protuberance on each side of foramen magnum. Articulates cranium with vertebral column in occipital bone?
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OCCIPITAL CONDYLES
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What is the transition point between brain and spinal cord in occipital bone?
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FORAMEN MANGUM
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what is the most posterior bone?
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OCCIPITAL BONE
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What extends forward from the foramen magnum in occipital bone?
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BASILAR PART OF OCCIPITAL BONE
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What is eminence on basilar part. Attachment for pharyngeal wall in occipital bone?
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PHARYNGEAL TUBERCLE
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What exist only in the diseased, dry cranium. Between occipital, temporal, and sphenoid bone in occipital bone?
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FORAMEN LACERUM
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What is anterolateral to occipital and posterolateral to sphenoid?
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TEMPORAL BONE
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What is posterolateral to styloid process and anteromedially to mastoid process in temporal bone?
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STYLOMASOTID FORAMEN
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What is medial to the styloid process to temporal bone?
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CAROTID CANAL
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What is posterior to carotid canal in temporal bone?
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JUGULAR FORAMEN
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What is anterior to external acoustic meatus opening. Accommodates mandibular condyles in temporal bones?
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MANDIBULAR FOSSA
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What is anterior to external acoustic meatus opening on temporal bone?
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PETROTYMPANIC FISSURE
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What is front boundary of mandibular fossa in temporal bone?
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ARTICULAR TUBERCLE
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What is anterior to temporal and occipital bones and posterolateral to maxilla?
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SPHENOID BONE
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What is posterior to foramen spinosum, it guards it in sphenoid bone?
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SPINE
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What is posterior and slightly lateral to foramen ovale in sphenoid bone?
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FORAMEN SPINOSUM
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What is posterolateral to lateral pterygoid plate. opens into the infratemporal fossa in sphenoid bone?
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FORAMEN OVALE
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What is small hook-shape coming off the medial pterygoid plate that serves as muscle attachment in sphenoid bone?
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PTERYGOID HAMULUS
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What extend inferiorly from the junction of body and wings, lateral to medial pterygoid plate. contribute to infratemporal fossa in sphenoid bone?
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LATERAL PTERYGOID PLATE
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What extend inferiorly from the junction of body and wings, medial to lateral pterygoid plate in sphenoid bone?
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MEDIAL PTERYGOID PLATE
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What extends laterally from body of sphenoid in sphenoid bone?
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GREATER WING
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Maxilla consist of?
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PALATINE PROCESS
INCISIVE FOSSA |
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What is posterior to incisive teeth?
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INCISIVE FOSSA
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What contributes to nasal septum. Posterior to palatine bone?
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VOMER
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What is posterior opening of nasal cavity?
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CHOANAE
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What is anterior to vomer and posterior to maxilla?
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PALATINE BONE
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Palatine bones consists of?
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GREAT PALATINE FORAMEN
LESSER PALATINE FORAMINA |
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What is posterolateral to palatine bone?
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GREAT PALATINE FORAMEN
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What is posterior to greater palatine foramen?
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LESSER PALATINE FORAMINA
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What is formed by the frontal (anterior), ethmoid (middle), and sphenoid (posterior)?
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ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA
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What are the frontal bone consist of?
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FRONTAL CREST
FORAMEN CECUM |
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The median bony extension in the frontal bone is called?
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FRONTAL CREST
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What is at the base of the frontal crest in frontal bone?
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FORAMEN CECUM
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Ethmoid bone located in the anterior cranial fossa consists of?
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CRISTA GALLI
CRIBRIFORM PLATE |
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What is thick, median ridge posterior to foramen cecum in ethmoid bone?
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CRISTA GALLI
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What is sieve-like structure on each side of crista galli in ethmoid bone?
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CRIBRIFORM PLATE
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Anterior cranial fossa consists of?
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FRONTAL BONE
ETHMOID BONE |
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Middle cranial fossa consist of which bone?
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SPHENOID BONE
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What is between greater and lesser wings in the sphenoid bone?
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OPTIC CANAL
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What is formed in sphenoid bone by the lesser wings overhand the middle fossa anteriorly, and ends medially in the anterior clinoid processes?
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SPHENOIDAL CREST
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What guards hypophysial fossa anteriorly in the sphenoid bone?
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ANTERIOR CLINOID PROCESS
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Sella turcica consist of?
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TUBERCULUM SELLAE
HYPOPHYSEAL FOSSA SORSUM SELLAE |
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Elevation of bone, forming anterior boundary of hypophyseal fossa in sella turcica?
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TUBERCULUM SELLAE
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Median depression between the tuberculum and dorsum sellae. Houses the pituitary gland in sella turcica?
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HYPOPHYSEAL FOSSA (PITUITARY FOSSA)
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Elevation of bone, forming posterior boundary of hypophyseal fossa and ends laterally in the posterior clinoid processes in sella turcica?
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DORSUM SELLAE
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What guards hypophysial fossa in sphenoid bone?
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POSTERIOR CLINOID PROCESS
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What is between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid, and goes into the orbit ?
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SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
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what is posterior to medial end of superior orbital fissure in sphenoid bone?
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FORAMEN ROTUNDUM
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What is posterolateral to foramen rotundum in the sphenoid bone?
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FORAMEN OVALE
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What is posterolateral to foramen ovale in the sphenoid bone?
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FORAMEN SPINOSUM
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What is posterolateral to dorsum sellae in the sphenoid bone?
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FORAMEN LACERUM
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Lodges cerebellum, pons, and medulla is located in?
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POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA
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What divides the middle cranial fossa and posterior cranial fossa, and looks like a mountain range?
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PETROUS PART OF THE TEMPORAL BONE
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What is on the medial side of the posterior cranial fossa in the temporal bone?
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INTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS
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What is posteroinferior to internal auditory meatus in the temporal bone?
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JUGULAR FORAMEN
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What extends posteriorly from dorsum sellae to foramen magnum in occipital bone?
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CLIVUS
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What extends anteriorly from foramen magnum until the posterior end of sphenoid bone in occipital bone?
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BASILAR PART
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What is on lateral wall of the foramen magnum in occipital bone?
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HYPOGLOSSAL CANAL
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What is in the posterior part of occipital bone, related to the confluence on sinuses in the occipital bone?
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INTERNAL OCCIPITAL PROTUBERANCE
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What extends anteriorly from internal occipital protuberance in occipital bone?
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INTERNAL OCCIPITAL CREST
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What has no ramus at birth?
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MANDIBLE
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What processes are underdeveloped at birth?
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MASTOID AND STYLOID PROCESSES
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What halves are separated at birth?
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FRONTAL BONE
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What is between frontal and parietal bones of an infant?
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ANTERIOR FONTANEL
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What is between parietal and occipital bone of an infant?
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POSTERIOR FONTANEL
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Where does temporal, parietal, and occipital bones converge in infant?
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MASTOID FONTANEL
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Where does sphenoid, frontal, parietal, and temporal bones converge = Pterion in adults. One of the last areas in the skill to develop.
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SPHENOID FONTANEL
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Cylindrical, anterior part that supports body weight in a vertebrae?
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BODY
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Posterior to vertebral body?
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VERTEBRAL ARCH
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Vertebral arch consists of?
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2 PEDICLES
2 LAMINAE |
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What is short, cylindrical projecting posteriorly from body in vertebrae?
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2 PEDICLES
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What is flat plates continuous with pedicles that join posteriorly in the middle?
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2 LAMINAE
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What is formed by vertebral arch and posterior surface of vertebral body. The succession of vertebral foramina forms the vertebral canal?
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VERTEBRAL FORAMEN
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What is superior and inferior to each pedicle. Superior and inferior notches of adjacent vertebrae form the intervertebral foramina (exit for spinal nerves and accompanying vessels)
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2 VERTEBRAL NOTCHES
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What are the 7 processes?
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1 SPINOSUM PROCESS
2 TRAVERSE PROCESSES 4 ARTICULAR PROCESSES |
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What process is median and posteriorly?
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1 SPINOUS PROCESS
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What process is project posterolaterally from the junction of pedicles and laminae?
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2 TRANSVERSE PROCESSES
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What 2 superior and 2 inferior processes, project from the junction of pedicles and laminae. Each bears an articular surface (or facet)?
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4 ARTICULAR PROCESSES
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How many cervical vertebrae are there?
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7
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C1 and C2 are called?
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C1 = ATLAS and C2 = AXIS and C3-7
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Cervical Vertebrae are located between?
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CRANIUM AND THORACIC VERTEBRAE
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C1 Atlas has?
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NO MOVEMENT AND BODY
ANTERIOR ARCH ANTERIOR TUBERCLE ARTICULAR FACET FOR DENS LATERAL MASSES TRANSVERSE PROCESS TRANSVERSE FORAMEN SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACET INFERIOR ARTICULAR FACET TUBERCLE FOR TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT OF ATLAS POSTERIOR ARCH POSTERIOR TUBERCLE FROOVE FOR VERTEBRAL ARTERY |
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What is on the posterior surface of the anterior arch in C1?
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ARTICULAR FACET FOR DENS
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What bears the weight of cranium in C1?
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LATERAL MASSES
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What projects laterally, and are relatively flat in C1?
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TRANSVERSE PROCESS
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What passage for vertebral arteries and accompanying veins in C1?
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TRANSVERSE FORAMEN
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What articulates with occipital condyle in C1?
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SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACET
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What articulates with axis C2 in C1?
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INFERIOR ARTICULAR FACET
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What is the ligament helps to hold the dens of C2 in place in C1?
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TUBERCLE FOR TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT OF ATLAS
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What allows passage for vertebral artery into cranium in C1?
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GROOVE FOR VERTEBRAL ARTERY
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C2 has?
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- STRONGEST CERVICAL VERTEBRAE
- ATLAS C1 CARRIES THE CRANIUM AND ROTATE ON THE AXIS C2 - BODY - DENS - ANTERIOR ARTICULAR FACET - POSTERIOR ARTICULAR FACET - PEDICLES - LATERAL MASSES - SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACET - INFERIOR ARTICULAR FACET - TRANSVERSE PROCESS - TRANSVERSE FORAMEN - LAMINAE - SPINOUS PROCESS |
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What projects superiorly from the body, and articulates with the posterior surface of the anterior arch of the Atlas, forming a synovial joint. Embryologically, the dens represent the remnant of the body of the Atlas in C2?
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DENS
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What articulates with posterior surface of anterior arch of Atlas C1 in C2?
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ANTERIOR ARTICULAR FACET
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Where the dens is supported by transverse ligament of atlas in C2?
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POSTERIOR ARTICULAR FACET
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Where does the atlas C1 rotates in C2?
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SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACET
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What articulates with C3 in C2?
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INFERIOR ARTICULAR FACET
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What extends lateroinferior in C2?
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TRANSVERSE PROCESS
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What passage for vertebral arteries and accompanying veins in C2?
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TRANSVERSE FORAMEN
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What bifurcated in whites, but not as common in blacks or females in C2?
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SPINOUS PROCESS
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What does C3-C7 consists of?
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BODY
TRANSVERSE PROCESS TRANSVERSE FORAMINA ANTERIOR TUBERCLE POSTERIOR TUBERCLE PEDICLES LAMINA SUPERIOR ARTICULATE PROCESS INFERIOR ARTICULATE PROCESS VERTEBRAL FORAMEN UNCUS OF BODY SPINOUS PROCESS |
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What vertebral artery goes through C3 – C6, but no C7?
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TRANSVERSE FORAMINA
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What are muscle attached to in C3 - C7?
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ANTERIOR TUBERCLE
POSTERIOR TUBERCLE |
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What is more transverse plane to allow more articulation, gliding movement in C3 - C7?
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SUPERIOR ARTICULATE PROCESS
INFERIOR ARTICULATE PROCESS |
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What is triangular and large, contains large portion of spinal cord in C3 - C7?
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VERTEBRAL FORAMEN
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What raised lateral margins of the superior surface of cervical vertebrae in C3 – C7?
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UNCUS OF BODY
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What bifurcated in whites, but not as common in blacks or females. C7 (vertebra prominens): defines the inferior limit of the neck posteriorly in C3 - C7?
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SPINOUS PROCESS
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Where is the superior limit of the neck posteriorly in C3 - C7?
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-
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What is located anteriorly in the neck, at the level of C3. Suspended by muscles that connect it to mandible, styloid process, thyroid cartilage, manubrium, and scapula?
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HYOID BONE
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U-shaped?
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Body
Lesser horn Greater horn |
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What cartilaginous joints, connecting articulating surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies?
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INTERVERTEBRAL DISKS
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What are two support ligaments of joints of vertebral bodies called?
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ANTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT
POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT |
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What is strong, broad fibrous band covering and connecting the anterolateral aspects of vertebral bodies and IV disks. Extends from anterior aspect of FM to pelvic surface of sacrum. Limits extension (only ligament that limits extension)?
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ANTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT
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What is weaker, narrower band than ALL. Runs within vertebral canal along posterior aspect of vertebral bodies. Extends from body of C2 to sacrum. Limits flexion?
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POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT
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What synovial joint between superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae. Allows gliding movements in joints of vertebral arches?
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ZYGAPOPHYSIAL JOINTS
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What ligaments (accessory ligaments supporting the vertebral arches)?
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LIGAMENTA FLAVA
INTERSPINOUS LIGAMENTS NUCHAL LIGAMENT |
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What is broad, pale yellow band of elastic tissue joining the laminae of adjacent vertebrae. Form posterior wall of vertebral canal. Limit flexion and separation of vertebral laminae, protecting IV disks?
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LIGAMENTA FLAVA
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What is weak ligaments joining adjacent spinous processes. Inconsequential in the cervical region?
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INTERSPINOUS LIGAMENTS
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What is strong, broad, and thickened fibroelastic tissue. Extends from occipital protuberance and posterior border of FM to spinous processes of cervical vertebrae. Muscle attachment?
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NUCHAL LIGAMENT
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What synovial joint, with thin, loose capsule between superior articular surfaces of the lateral masses of Atlas and condyles of occipital bone. Flexion & extension (e.g. nodding). Anatomical equivalent of zygapophysial joint in craniovertebral joints?
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ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL JOINT
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What are two ligaments of craniovertebral joints called. These two membranes are strong sheets of connective tissue that extend laterally towards the atlanto-occipital joint, and help prevent excessive movement of atlanto-occipital joint?
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ANTERIOR ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL MEMBRANE
POSTERIOR ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL MEMBRANE |
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What extends from anterior arches of Atlas to anterior margin of FM. Merges with anterior longitudinal ligament in the center in craniovertebral joints?
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ANTERIOR ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL MEMB
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What extends from posterior arches of Atlas to posterior margin of FM. Perforated to allow passage of vertebral artery in craniovertebral joints?
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POSTERIOR ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL MEM
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What synovial, gliding joint, with thin, loose capsule between inferior articular surfaces of the lateral masses of Atlas (C1) and superior articular surfaces of Axis (C2). Anatomical equivalent of zygapophysial joint?
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2 LATERAL ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINTS
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What extends from anterior arches of Atlas to anterior arches of Axis. Merges with anterior longitudinal ligament in the center?
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ANTERIOR ATLANTO-AXIAL MEMBERANE
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What extends from posterior arches of Atlas to posterior arches of Axis. It’s a superior continuation of Ligamenta flava, but less elastic fibers?
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POSTERIOR ATLANTO-AXIAL MEMBRANE
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What pivot joint between dens of C2 and anterior arch of C1?
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1 MEDIAN ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINT
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What does atlanto-axial joints consist of?
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2 LATERAL ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINTS
1 MEDIAN ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINT |
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What pivot joint between dens of C2 and anterior arch of C1 in atlanto-axial joints?
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1 MEDIAN ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINT
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What is superior continuation of posterior longitudinal ligament, starting at the body of Axis (C2) until anterior aspect of FM?
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TECTORIAL MEMBRANE
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What is strong band extending between tubercles on lateral masses of C1 in cruciate ligament?
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TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT OF ATLAS
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What from transverse ligament to occipital bone superiorly and to body of C2 inferiorly in cruciate ligament?
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SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR LONGITUDINAL VANDS
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What extend superolaterally from each side of dens to lateral margin of FM. Check ligaments, prevent excessive rotation of the joints in atlanto-axial joints?
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ALAR LIGAMENTS
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What are 3 ligaments of Atlanto-axial joints?
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TECTORIAL MEMBRANE
CRUCIATE LIGAMENT ALAR LIGAMENTS |
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What movements of cervical portion of vertebral column?
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ROTATION
LATERAL BENDING FLEXION EXTENTION |
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What joint has hinge, synovial joint. Only movable joint in the cranium?
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TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
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Movement of temporomandibular joint?
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- MODIFIED TO ALLOW GLIDING AND SLIGHT ROTATION (PROTRUSION AND RETRUSION)
- FLEXION (ELEVATION) - EXTENSION (DEPRESSION) |
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Components of temporomandibular joint?
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MANDIBULAR FOSSA OF TEMPORAL BONE
ARTICULAR TUBERCLE OF TEMPORAL BONE CONDYLAR PROCESS OF MANDIBLE ARTICULAR DISC OF THE TMJ |
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What separates the fibrous capsule into superior and inferior articular cavities in TMJ component?
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ARTICULAR DISC OF THE TMJ
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Ligaments of temporomandibular joint?
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LATEAL
SPHENOMANDIBULAR STYLOMANDIBULAR |
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What is intrinsic, strengthen the joint laterally and prevents posterior dislocation of TMJ. Attaches S: to articular tubercle and inferior surface of zygomatic arch and I: to neck of mandible in TMJ ligament?
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LATEAL
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What is extrinsic, attaches S: to spine of sphenoid bone and I: to lingula of mandible in TMJ ligament?
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SPHENOMANDIBULAR
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What is extrinsic, attaches S: to styloid process of temporal bone and I: to angle of mandible in TMJ ligament?
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STYLOMANDIBULAR
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Scalp has 5 layers and they are called
|
SCALP
CONNECTIVE TISSUE APONEUROSIS LOOSER AREOLAR TISSUE PERICRANIUM |
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What thin layer containing hair follicles, and sweat and sebaceous glands?
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SCALP
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What is thick, dense, and richly vascular subcutaneous layer with cutaneous nerves?
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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What is broad, strong tendon that serves as muscle attachment?
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APONEUROSIS
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What is sponge-like, allows free movement of above 3 layers. May swell due to infection or injury?
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LOOSER AREOLAR TISSUE
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What is dense layer of connective tissue forming the outer membrane of cranium (periosteum)?
|
PERICRANIUM
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5 layers of scalp?
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Skin
CONNECTIVE TISSUE APONEUROSIS LOOSE AREOLAR TISSUE PERICRANIUM |
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What is a think layer containing hair follicles, and sweat and sebaceous glands.
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SKIN
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What i thick, dense, and richly vascular subcutaneous layer with cutaneous nerves?
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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What is broad, strong tendon that serves as muscle attachment?
|
APONEUROSIS
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What is sponge-like, allows free movement of skin, connective tissue, and aponeurosis layers. May swell due to infection or injury?
|
LOOSE AREOLAR TISSUE
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What is dense layer of connective tissue forming the outer membrane of cranium (periosteum)?
|
PERICRANIUM
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What determines the potential direction in which an infection may spread?
|
FASCIAL PLANES
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What are the neck layers?
|
SKIN
PLATYSMA SUPERFICIAL FASCIA DEEP FASCIA |
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What is broad, think sheet of muscle. Cover anterolateral part of neck. external jugular vein and main cutaneous nerves of neck are deep to the platysma?
|
PLATYSMA
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What layer of fatty subcutaneous tissue surrounding the who neck. Located between skin and investing layer of deep cervical fascia?
|
SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
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What are the several layers that compartmentalize structures in the neck in deep fascia ?
|
INVESTING
PRETRACHEAL PREVERTEBRAL CAROTID SHEATH |
|
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What encircles the entire neck deep to superficial fascia?
|
INVESTING
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What are the superior attachment of the investing neck layer?
|
SUPERIOR NUCHAL LINE OF THE OCCIPITAL BONE
MASTOID PROCESS OF THE TEMPORAL BONE ZYGOMATIC ARCHES INFERIOR BORDER OF MANDIBLE HYOID BONE SPINOUS PROCESS OF CERVICAL VERTEBRAE |
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What are the inferior attachment of the investing neck layer?
|
MANUBRIUM
CLAVICLES ACROMIONS AND SPINES OF SCAPULA |
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What surrounds structures in the anterior part of neck?
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PRETRACHEAL
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What does pretracheal attachments?
|
EXTENDS FROM HYOID BONE TO THORAX, WHERE IT BLENDS WITH PERICARDIUM
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What are the pretracheal muscular part?
|
ENCLOSES INFRAHYOID MUSCLES
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What are pretracheal visceral part?
|
ENCLOSES THYROID GLAND, TRACHEA, ESOPHAGUS, AND PHARYNX
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What are pretracheal buccopharyngeal fascia?
|
POSTERIOR CONTINUATION OF VISCERAL PART OF PRETRACHEAL LAYER
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What surrounds vertebral column and associated muscles?
|
PREVERTRBRAL
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What are prevertebral attachments?
|
EXTENDS FROM CRANIAL BASE SUPERIORLY AND BLENDS INFERIORLY TO THE ENDOTHORACIS FASCIA, COMMUNICATING WITH THE MEDIASTINUM.
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What surrounds common and internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve?
|
CAROTID SHEATH
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|
What are the attachments of carotid sheath?
|
EXTENDS FROM CRANIAL BAST TO ROOT OF NECK, WHERE IT COMMUNICATES WITH THE MEDIASTINUM
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|
What layers contribute to the formation of the carotid sheath?
|
INVESTING, PRETRACHEAL, AND PREVERTEBRAL
|
|
|
What is the thin layer of fascia?
|
ALAR FASCIA
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What are the attachments of alar fascia?
|
EXTENDS FROM CRANIAL BASE TO ROOT OF NECK
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What is alar fascia attached at?
|
THE MIDLINE TO BUCCOPHARYNGEAL FASCIA AND LATERALLY TO CAROTID SHEATH
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What is interfascial space between pretracheal (anteriorly), prevertebral (posteriorly), and carotid sheaths (laterally)?
|
RETROPHARYNGEAL SPACE
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|
Where does the frontalis muscles of the forehead attaches?
|
SKIN OF EYEBROWS AND ROOT OF NOSE
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What is the function of the frontalis muscles of the forehead?
|
ELEVATES EYEBROW AND WRINKLES FOREHEAD
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Where does the occipitalis muscles of the scalp attaches?
|
THE LATERAL 2/3RDS OF THE SUPERIOR NUCHAL LINE
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What is the function of the occipitalis muscles of the scalp?
|
DRAWS SCALP BACK AND WRINKLES BACK OF HEAD
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Where does levator labii superioris muscle of the lip attachment?
|
FROM INFRAORBITAL MARGIN TO SKIN OF UPPER LIP
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What is the function of levator labii superioris muscle of the lip?
|
ELEVATES UPPER LIP
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Where does zygomaticus major muscle of the mouth attachment?
|
ZYGOMATIC BONE TO ANGLE OF MOUTH
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What is the function of zygomaticus major muscle of the cheek?
|
ELEVATES THE CORNER OF MOUTH
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Where does depressor anguli oris muscle of the cheek attachment?
|
ANTEROLATERAL BASE OF MANDIBLE TO ANGLE OF MOUTH
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What is the function of depressor anguli oris muscle of the mouth?
|
DEPRESSES CORNER OF MOUTH
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Where does depressor labii inferioris muscle of the lip attachment?
|
FROM MANDIBLE TO SKIN OF LOWER LIP
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What is the function of depressor labii inferioris muscle of the lip?
|
DEPRESSES LOWER LIP
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Where does platysma muscle of the neck attachment?
|
FROM FASCIA AND SKIN OVER CLAVICULAR REGION TO BASE OF MANDIBLE, ANGLE MOUTH, LOWER PART OF FACE
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What is the function of platysma muscle of the neck?
|
DEPRESSES MANDIBLE, TENSES SKIN OF INFERIOR FACE AND NECK
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What is deep to levator labii superioris muscle and accessory muscle to zygomaticus major?
|
LEVATOR ANGULI ORIS
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Where does levator anguli oris muscle of the mouth attachment?
|
FROM MAXILLA (JUST BELOW INFRAORBITAL FORAMEN) TO ANGLE OF MOUTH
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|
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What is the function of levator anguli oris muscle of the mouth?
|
ELEVATES CORNER OF THE MOUTH
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|
|
What is deep to the masseter. forms principal substance of cheeks?
|
BUCCINATOR
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Where does buccinator muscle of the cheek attachment?
|
ANTERIORLY ANGLE OF MOUTH AND POSTERIORLY TO MANDIBLE, MAXILLA AND PTERYGOMANDIBULAR RAPHE TENDON, A TENDINOUS EXTENSION OF BUCCOPHARYNGEAL
|
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What is the function of buccinator muscle of the cheek?
|
MASTICATION (KEEPS CHEEKS TAUT), SMILING
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Where does orbicularis oris muscle of the lip attachment?
|
ENCIRCLES MOUTH AND ATTACHES INTO UPPER AND LOWER LIPS. ORAL SPHINCTER
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|
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What is the function of orbicularis oris muscle of the lip?
|
ARTICULATION AND MASTICATION
|
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Where does orbicularis oculi muscle of the eyes attachment?
|
CIRCULAR MUSCLE AROUND ORBITAL MARGIN INTO EYELIDS, SPHINCTER OF EYES
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|
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What is the function of orbicularis oculi muscle of the eyes?
|
CLOSES ORBITAL OPENING, ENCOURAGES FLOW OF TEAR BY HELPING EMPTY LACRIMAL SACK
|
|
|
What are the muscles of the ears?
|
AURICULARIS ANTERIOR
AURICULARIS POSTERIOR AURICULARIS SUPERIOR |
|
|
Where does auricularis superior muscle of the ear attachment?
|
SKIN OF AURICLE OF EAR
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|
|
Where does procerus of the nose attachment?
|
FROM FOREHEAD TO SKIN OVER BRIDGE OF NOSE
|
|
|
What is the function of procerus muscle of the nose?
|
DEPRESSES MEDIAL ANGLE OF EYEBROWS (WHEN VERY SERIOUS)
|
|
|
Where does nasalis muscle of the nose attachment?
|
FROM MAXILLA TO BRIDGE AND ALAR CARTILAGE OF NOSE
|
|
|
What is the function of nasalis muscle of the nose?
|
WIDEN NASAL APERTURE
|
|
|
Where does depressor septi muscle of the nose attachment?
|
FROM INCISIVE FOSSA OF MAXILLA TO NASALS SEPTUM
|
|
|
What is the function of depressor septi muscle of the nose?
|
DEPRESSES AND WIDEN NASAL APERTURE
|
|
|
What muscle of mastication occupies temporal fossa?
|
TEMPORALIS
|
|
|
Where does temporalis muscle of mastication attachment?
|
FROM TEMPORAL FOSSA TO CORONOID PROCESS OF MANDIBLE
|
|
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What is the function of temporalis muscle of mastication?
|
ELEVATION, RETRACTION, LATERAL EXCURSION OF MANDIBLE
|
|
|
What muscle of mastication is very strong, thick muscle?
|
MASSETER
|
|
|
Where does masseter muscle of mastication attachment?
|
ZYGOMATIC ARCH TO LATERAL SURFACE OF RAMUS AND ANGLE OF MANDIBLE
|
|
|
What is the function of masseter muscle of mastication?
|
ELEVATION, AND PROTRACTION OF MANDIBLE, CLENCHES TEETH
|
|
|
What muscle of mastication is located in the infratemporal fossa?
|
MEDIAL PTERYGOID
|
|
|
Where does masseter muscle of medial pterygoid attachment?
|
FROM LATERAL PTERYGOID PLATE AND MAXILLARY TUBEROSITY TO MEDIAL (OR INTERNAL) SURFACE OF RAMUS
|
|
|
What is the function of medial pterygoid muscle of mastication?
|
ELEVATION, PROTRACTION, AND LATERAL EXCURSION OF MANDIBLE. SYNERGISTIC WITH MASSETER MUSCLE.
|
|
|
What muscle of mastication is deep in the temporal fossa. Short, strong, and runs horizontally?
|
LATERAL PTERYGOID
|
|
|
Where does lateral pterygoid muscle of mastication attachment?
|
LATERAL PTERYGOID PLATE AND GREATER WING OF SPHENOID TO NECK OF MANDIBLE AND PENETRATING THE TMJ CAPSULE INSERTS ON THE ARTICULAR DISC
|
|
|
What is the function of lateral pterygoid muscle of mastication?
|
DEPRESSION, PROTRACTION, AND LATERAL EXCURSION OF MANDIBLE
|
|
|
What muscle of neck bisects the neck diagonally?
|
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (SCM)
|
|
|
Where does sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle of neck attachment?
|
FROM MASTOID PROCESS AND LATERAL 1/2 OF SUPERIOR NUCHAL LINE TO MANUBRIUM OF STERNUM AND MEDIAL 1/3RD OF CLAVICLE
|
|
|
What is the function of sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle of neck?
|
UNILATERALLY - ROTATING HEAD TO LEFT AND RIGHT
BILATERALLY - FLEXES NECK |
|
|
Where does sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle of neck innervate ?
|
ACCESSORY NERVE (CN11)
|
|
|
Where does digastric of suprahyoid muscle attachment?
|
MANDIBLE AND MASTOID PROCESS OF TEMPORAL BONE.
BOTH BELLIES ATTACH TO INTERMEDIATE TENDON, WHICH IS TIED DOWN TOT HE HYOID BONE BY A SLING OF FASCIA |
|
|
What is the function of digastric suprahyoid muscle?
|
DEPRESS MANDIBLE, OPEN MOUTH, AND ELEVATE HYOID BONE
|
|
|
Where does digastric of suprahyoid muscle innervate ?
|
POSTERIOR BELLY - FACIAL NERVE (CN 7)
ANTERIOR BELLY - TRIGEMINAL NERVE (CN ) |
|
|
Where does mylohyoid of suprahyoid muscle attachment?
|
MEDIAL SURFACE OF MANDIBLE TO HYOID BONE
|
|
|
What is the function of mylohyoid suprahyoid muscle?
|
ELEVATES HYOID, FLOOR OF MOUTH, AND TONGUE DURING SWALLOWING AND SPEAKING
|
|
|
Where does mylohyoid of suprahyoid muscle innervate ?
|
TRIGEMINAL NERVE (CN )
|
|
|
Where does geniohyoid of suprahyoid muscle attachment?
|
FROM GENIO (OR BEND) OF MANDIBLE TO HYOID BONE
|
|
|
What is the function of geniohyoid of the suprahyoid muscle?
|
ELEVATE HYOID, SHORTENS FLOOR OF MOUTH
|
|
|
Where does geniohyoid of suprahyoid muscle innervate?
|
C1 VIA HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN 12)
|
|
|
Where does omohyoid (S) of infrahyoid muscle attachment?
|
SUPERIOR BORDER OF SCAPULA AND HYOID BONE
|
|
|
What is the function of omohyoid (S) of infrahyoid muscle?
|
DEPRESS, RETRACTS, AND STEADIES HYOID
|
|
|
Where does omohyoid (S) of infrahyoid muscle innervate?
|
ANSA CERVICALIS
|
|
|
Where does sternohyoid (S) of infrahyoid muscle attachment?
|
FROM MANUBRIUM OF STERNUM AND MEDIAL END OF CLAVICLE TO HYOID
|
|
|
What is the function of sternohyoid (S) of infrahyoid muscle?
|
DEPRESS HYOID BONE AFTER ELEVATING DURING SWALLOWING
|
|
|
Where does sternohyoid (S) of infrahyoid muscle innervate?
|
ANSA CERVICALIS
|
|
|
Where does sternothyroid (D) of infrahyoid muscle attachment?
|
FROM MANUBRIUM OF STERNUM TO THYROID CARTILAGE OF LARYNX
|
|
|
What is the function of sternothyroid (D) of infrahyoid muscle?
|
DEPRESS HYOID AND LARYNX
|
|
|
Where does sternothyroid (D) of infrahyoid muscle innervate?
|
ANSA CERVICALIS
|
|
|
Where does thyrohyoid (D) of infrahyoid muscle attachment?
|
FROM THYROID CARTILAGE OF LARYNX TO HYOID BONE
|
|
|
What is the function of thyrohyoid (D) of infrahyoid muscle?
|
DEPRESS HYOID BONE AND ELEVATE LARYNX
|
|
|
Where does thyrohyoid (D) of infrahyoid muscle innervate?
|
C1 VIA HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN 12)
|
|
|
Where does anterior scalene of prevertebral muscle attachment?
|
FROM TRANSVERSE PROCESS OF C3 - C6 TO 1ST RIB
|
|
|
What is the function of anterior scalene of prevertebral muscle?
|
FLEX NECK, AND ELEVATES 1ST RIB
|
|
|
Where does anterior scalene of prevertebral muscle innervate?
|
CERVICAL SPINAL NERVES C4 - C6
|
|
|
Where does middle scalene of prevertebral muscle attachment?
|
FROM POSTERIOR TUBERCLE OF TRANSVERSE PROCESS OF C5 - C7 TO 1ST RIB
|
|
|
What is the function of middle scalene of prevertebral muscle?
|
FLEX NECK LATERALLY AND ELEVATES 1ST RIB
|
|
|
Where does middle scalene of prevertebral muscle innervate?
|
ANTERIOR RAMI OF CERVICAL SPINAL NERVES
|
|
|
Where does posterior scalene of prevertebral muscle attachment?
|
FROM POSTERIOR TUBERCLE OF TRANSVERSE PROCESS OF C5 - C7 TO 2ND RIB
|
|
|
What is the function of posterior scalene of prevertebral muscle?
|
FLEX NECK LATERALLY AND ELEVATES 2ND RIB
|
|
|
Where does posterior scalene of prevertebral muscle innervate?
|
ANTERIOR RAMI OF SPINAL NERVES C7 - C8
|
|
|
Where is prevertebral muscles located?
|
DEEP TO PREVERTEBRAL FASCIA AND POSTERIOR TO RETROPHARYNGEAL SPACE
|
|
|
Where does longus capitis of prevertebral muscle attachment?
|
FROM BASILAR PART OF OCCIPITAL BONE TO ANTERIOR TUBERCLES OF C3 - C6 TRANSVERSE PROCESSES
|
|
|
What is the function of longus capitis of prevertebral muscle?
|
FLEXION OF HEAD
|
|
|
Where does longus capitis of prevertebral muscle innervate?
|
ANTERIOR RAMI OF SPINAL NERVES C1 - C3
|
|
|
Where does longus colli of prevertebral muscle attachment?
|
FROM ANTERIOR RUBERCLE OF C1, BODIES OF C1 - C3, AND TRANSVERSE PROCESSES OF C3 - C6 TO BODIES OF C5 - T3, AND TRANSVERSE PROCESSES OF C3 - C5
|
|
|
What is the function of longus colli of prevertebral muscle?
|
FLEXION OF THE NECK (BILATERAL) AND SLIGHT ROTATION OF NECK TO CONTRALATERAL SIDE (UNILATERAL)
|
|
|
Where does longus colli of prevertebral muscle innervate?
|
ANTERIOR RAMI OF SPINAL NERVES C2 - C6
|
|
|
Where does trapezius of posterior cervical muscle attachment?
|
MEDIAL THIRD OF SUPERIOR NUCHAL LINE, NUCHAL LIGAMENT, SPINOUS PROCESSES OF CERVICAL, THORACIC, LUMBAR AND SACRAL SPINOUS PROCESSES TO LATERAL THIRD OF CLAVICLE, AND ACROMION AND SPINE OF SCAPULA
|
|
|
What is the function of trapezius of posterior cervical muscle?
|
ELEVATE RETRACT, AND ROTATE SCAPULA SUPERIORLY
|
|
|
Where does trapezius of posterior cervical muscle innervate?
|
ACCESSORY NERVE (CN 11)
|
|
|
Where does splenius capitis of posterior cervical muscle attachment?
|
FROM NUCHAL LIGAMENT AND SPINOUS PROCESSES OF C7 - T6 TO MASTOID PROCESS OF TEMPORAL BONE AND LATERAL THIRD OF SUPERIOR NUCHAL LINE
|
|
|
What is the function of splenius capitis of posterior cervical muscle?
|
EXTEND H&N (BILATERALLY), ROTATE AND FLEX THE HEAD TO SAME SIDE
|
|
|
Where does splenius capitis of posterior cervical muscle innervate?
|
POSTERIOR RAMI OF CERVICAL SPINAL NERVES
|
|
|
Where does splenius cervicis of posterior cervical muscle attachment?
|
FROM NUCHAL LIGAMENT AND SPINOUS PROCESSES OF C7 - T6 TO TRANSVERSE PROCESSES OF C1 - C4
|
|
|
What is the function of splenius cervicis of posterior cervical muscle?
|
EXTEND H&N (BILATERALLY), ROTATE AND FLEX THE HEAD TO SAME SIDE
|
|
|
Where does splenius cervicis of posterior cervical muscle innervate?
|
POSTERIOR RAMI OF CERVICAL SPINAL NERVE
|
|
|
Where does semispinalis captis of posterior cervical muscle attachment?
|
FROM TRANSVERSE PROCESSES OF C4 - T12 TO OCCIPITAL BONE AND SPINOUS PROCESSES OF CERVICAL AND THORACIC VERTEBRAE
|
|
|
What is the function of semispinalis captis of posterior cervical muscle?
|
EXTEND HEAD AND NECK, AND ROTATE THEM CONTRALATERALLY
|
|
|
Where does semispinalis captis of posterior cervical muscle innervate?
|
POSTERIOR RAMI OF SPINAL NERVES
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Where does rectus capitis posterior major of posterior cervical muscle attachment?
|
FROM SPINOUS PROCESS OF C2 TO INFERIOR NUCHAL LINE
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Where does rectus capitis posterior minor of posterior cervical muscle attachment?
|
FROM TUBERCLE ON POSTERIOR ARCH OF ATLAS TO INFERIOR NUCHAL LINE
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Where does obliquus capitis inferior of posterior cervical muscle attachment?
|
FROM SPINOUS PROCESS OF AXIS TO LATERAL MASS OF ATLAS
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Where does obliquus capitis superior of posterior cervical muscle attachment?
|
FROM LATERAL MASS OF ATLAS TO INFERIOR NUCHAL LINE
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What are the suboccipital triangle boundaries?
|
OBLIQUUS CAPITIS INFERIOR, OBLIQUUS CAPITIS SUPERIOR, AND RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR
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What does suboccipital triangle contain?
|
VERTEBRAL ARTERY AND SUBOCCIPITAL NERVE
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Where does stylohyoid muscle of attachment?
|
FROM STYLOID PROCESS TO HYOID BONE
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What is the function of stylohyoid muscle?
|
ELEVATES AND RETRACTS HYOID BONE
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Where does stylohyoid muscle innervate?
|
FACIAL NERVE (CN 7)
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Where does styloglossus extrinsic tongue muscle attachment?
|
FROM STYLOID PROCESS TO TONGUE
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What is the function of styloglossus extrinsic tongue muscle?
|
RETRACT AND CURLS (ELEVATES SIDES) TONGUE
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Where does styloglossus extrinsic tongue muscle innervate?
|
HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN 12)
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Where does stylopharyngeus muscle attachment?
|
FROM STYLOID PROCESS TO THYROID CARTILAGE OF PHARYNX
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What is the function of stylopharyngeus muscle?
|
ELEVATES PHARYNX
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Where does stylopharyngeus muscle innervate?
|
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (CN 9)
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Where does genioglossus extrinsic tongue muscle attachment?
|
FROM MENTAL SPINE TO DORSUM OF TONGUE
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What is the function of genioglossus extrinsic tongue muscle?
|
PROTRUDES AND DEPRESSES TONGUE
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Where does genioglossus extrinsic tongue muscle innervate?
|
HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN 12)
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Where does hyoglossus extrinsic tongue muscle attachment?
|
FROM HYOID BONE TO INFEROLATERAL ASPECT OF TONGUE
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What is the function of hyoglossus extrinsic tongue muscle?
|
RETRUDES AND DEPRESSES TONGUE
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Where does hyoglossus extrinsic tongue muscle innervate?
|
HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN 12)
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What is the area of submental triangle of anterior neck region?
|
INFERIOR TO CHIN
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What are the boundaries of submental triangle of anterior neck region?
|
BETWEEN RIGHT AND LEFT ANTERIOR BELLY OF DIGASTRIC MUSCLE AND BODY OF HYOID
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What are the content of submental triangle of anterior neck region?
|
SUBMENTAL LYMPH NODES, SMALL VEINS JOINING TO FORM ANTERIOR JUGULAR VEIN
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What is the area of submandibular triangle of anterior neck region?
|
GLANDULAR AREA
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What are the boundaries of submandibular triangle of anterior neck region?
|
BETWEEN ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR BELLIES OF DIAGASTRIC AND INFERIOR BORDER OF MANDIBLE
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What are the content of submandibular triangle of anterior neck region?
|
SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND, SUBMANDIBULAR LYMPH NODES, HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN 12), MYLOHYOID NERVE, PARTS OF FACIAL ARTERY AND VEIN
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What is the area of carotid triangle of anterior neck region?
|
VASCULAR AREA
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What are the boundaries of carotid triangle of anterior neck region?
|
BETWEEN ANTERIOR BORDER OF SCM, SUPERIOR BELLY OF OMOHYOID, AND POSTERIOR BELLY OF DIGASTRIC
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What are the content of carotid triangle of anterior neck region?
|
COMMON CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN, VAGUS NERVE (CN 10), EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY, HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN 12), BRANCHES CERVICAL PLEXUS, THYROID GLAND, LARYNX, AND PHARYNX
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What are the boundaries of muscular triangle of anterior neck region?
|
ANTERIOR BORDER OF SCM, SUPERIOR BELLY OF OMOHYOID, AND MEDIAN PLANE OF NECK
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What are the content of muscular triangle of anterior neck region?
|
INFRAHYOID MUSCLES, THYROID, AND PARATHYROID GLANDS
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What are the content of occipital triangle of posterior neck region?
|
PART OF EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN, POSTERIRO BRANCHES OF CERVICAL PLEXUS, ACESSORY NERVE (CN 11), BRACHIAL PLEXUS, CERVICAL LYMPH NODE
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What are the content of omoclavicular (subclavian) triangle of anterior neck region?
|
SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY, SUBCLAVIAN VEIN, AND SUPRASCAPULAR ARTERY
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What is the origen of subclavian artery?
|
RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN FROM RIGHT BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK, LEFT SUBCLAVIAN FROM AORTIC ARCH
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What is the course of subclavian artery?
|
ASCEND THROUGH SUPERIOR THORACIC APERTURE TO ENTER ROOT OF NECK POSTERIOR TO CLAVICLE, ARCH OVER 1ST RIB, THEN CHANGE NAME TO AXILLARY ARTERY, LATERAL TO ANTERIOR SCALENE MUSCLE
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What does subclavian artery supply to?
|
UPPER LIMBS AND NECK AND BRAIN
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What are subclavian artery that are divided in three parts in reference to anterior scalene?
|
1ST PART - MEDIAL TO ANTERIOR SCALENE
2ND - POSTERIOR (DEEP) TO ANTERIOR SCALENE 3RD - LATERAL TO ANTERIOR SCALENE |
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What is the origin of internal thoracic branch of subclavian artery?
|
ARISES FROM THE ANTEROINFERIOR ASPECT OF THE 1ST PART OF THE SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
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What is the course of internal thoracic branch of subclavian artery?
|
DESCENDS INTO THORAX POSTERIRO TO CLAVICLE AND 1ST COSTAL CARTILAGE --> THEN DESCENDS ON EACH SIDE OF STERNUM INTO THE ANTERIOR WALL OF THE THORACIC CAVITY --> GIVES RISE TO ANTERIOR INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES AND VESSELS TO THE BREAST (HISTORICALLY KNOWN AS INTERNAL MAMMARY ARTERY)
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What does the internal thoracic branch of subclavian artery supply to?
|
ANTERIOR THORACIC WALL AND BREAST
|
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|
What is the origin of vertebral artery branch of subclavian artery?
|
FROM 1ST PART OF SUBCLAVIAN
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|
|
What is the course of vertebral artery branch of subclavian artery?
|
ASCENDS THROUGH TRANSVERSE FORAMINA OF CERVICAL VERTEBRAE (ENTERS AT C6) --> COMES OUT OF TRANSVERSE FORAMINA OF C1 (ATLAS) --> GOES AROUND LATERAL MASS OF ATLAS --> COMES POSTERIOR ARCH (ON GROOVE OF THE C1) --> THEN PENETRATES THE POSTERIOR ATLANTOOCCIPITAL MEMBRANE (AT THE LEVEL OF THE SUBOCCIPITAL TRIANGLE) AND ENTERS CRANIAL CAVITY THROUGH FORAMEN MAGNUM.
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What does the vertebral artery branch of subclavian artery supply to?
|
BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
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What is the origin of thyrocervical trunk branch of subclavian artery?
|
ARIESES FROM ANTERIOSUPERIOR ASPECT OF THE 1ST PART OF THE SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
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|
What is the course of thyrocervical trunk branch of subclavian artery?
|
IMMEDIATELY SEPARATES INTO 4 BRANCHES
|
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|
What is the origin of inferior thyroid artery (primary visceral artery of the neck) terminal branch of thyrocervical trunk ?
|
THYROCERVICAL TRUNK
|
|
|
What does the inferior thyroid artery (primary visceral artery of the neck) terminal branch of thyrocervical trunk supply to?
|
LARYNX, TRACHEA, ESOPHAGUS, THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS, AND ADJACENT MUSCLES
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|
What is the origin of ascending cervical artery terminal branch of thyrocervical trunk?
|
INFERIOR THYROID ARTERY
|
|
|
What is the course of ascending cervical artery terminal branch of thyrocervical trunk?
|
ASCENDS ANTERIORLY TO CERVICAL TRANSVERSE PROCESSES. DEEP TO PREVERTEBRAL FASCIA
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|
What does the ascending cervical artery terminal branch of thyrocervical trunk supply to?
|
LATERAL MUSCLES OS UPPER NECK
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|
|
What is the origin of suprascapular artery branch of thyrocervical trunk?
|
THYROVERVIAL TRUNK
|
|
|
What is the course of suprascapular artery branch of thyrocervical trunk?
|
INFEROLATERALLY ACROSS ANTERIOR SCALENE MUSCLE AND PHRENIC NERVE --> POSTERIOR TO CLAVICLE --> POSTERIOR ASPECT OF SCAPULA
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|
What does the suprascapular artery branch of thyrocervical trunk supply to?
|
MUSCLES ALONG POSTERIOR ASPECT OF SCAPULA
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|
What is the origin of cervicodorsal trunk (Transverse cervical artery) branch of thyrocervical trunk?
|
THYROVERVICAL TRUNK
|
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|
What is the course of cervicodorsal trunk (Transverse cervical artery) branch of thyrocervical trunk?
|
CROSSES SUPERFICIAL TO ANTERIOR SCALENE MUSCLE AND 2-3 CM SUPERIOR TO CLAVICLE
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|
|
What does the cervicodorsal trunk (Transverse cervical artery) branch of thyrocervical trunk supply to?
|
VASA NERVORUM OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS, MUSCLES ALONG POSTERIOR ASPECT OF SCAPULA
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|
|
What are the branches of cervicodorsal trunk (Transverse cervical artery)?
|
SUPERFICIAL CERVICAL ARTERY
DORSAL SCAPULAR ARTERY |
|
|
What is the origin of costocervical trunk branch of subclavian artery?
|
ARISES FROM POSTERIOR ASPECT OF 2ND PART OF THE SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
|
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|
What is the course of costocervical trunk branch of subclavian artery?
|
POSTERIOR TO ANTERIOR SCALENE AND GOES SUPERIORLY BEFORE IT DIVIDES
|
|
|
What are the branches of costocervical trunk?
|
SUPERIOR (SUPREME) INTERCOSTAL ARTERY
DEEP CERVICAL ARTERY |
|
|
What artery supplies to first two intercostal spaces?
|
SUPERIOR (SUPREME) INTERCOSTAL ARTERY
|
|
|
What artery supplies posterior deep cervical muscles?
|
DEEP CERVICAL ARTERY
|
|
|
What is the origin of common carotid artery?
|
RIGHT COMMON CAROTID ARTERY FROM RIGHT BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK, LEFT COMMON CAROTID ARTERY FROM AORTIC ARCH
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|
|
What is the course of common carotid artery?
|
ASCEND WITHIN THE CAROTID SHEATH UNTIL SUPERIOR BORDER OF THYROID CARTILAGE WHERE IT DIVIDES
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|
|
What does the common carotid artery supply to?
|
HEAD AND NECK
|
|
|
What are the branches of common carotid artery?
|
INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY |
|
|
What artery has no branches in the neck. Ascends in the carotid sheath?
|
INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
|
|
|
What artery has numerous branches in the neck?
|
EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
|
|
|
What is the origin of internal carotid artery?
|
ARISE FROM AND IS A DIRECT CONTINUATION OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY
|
|
|
What is the course of internal carotid artery?
|
ASCENDS THROUGH NECK WITHOUT BRANCHING --> ENTERS CRANIAL CAVITY THROUGH CAROTID CANAL --> RUNS ANTERIORLY THROUGH CAVERNOUS SINUS, WHERE IT DIVIDES
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|
|
What does the internal carotid artery supply to?
|
BRAIN AND ORBIT
|
|
|
What are the branches of internal carotid artery?
|
ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY
MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY (***)OPHTHALMIC ARTERY(***) |
|
|
What is the course of ophthalmic artery branch of internal carotid artery?
|
PASSES THROUGH OPTIC CANAL AND ENTERS ORBIT
|
|
|
What does the ophthalmic artery branch of internal carotid artery supply to?
|
EYEBALL AND EXTRA -OCULAR MUSCLES AND STRUCTURES
|
|
|
What has slight dilation of the proximal part of the internal carotid artery. its a baroreceptro and reacts to changes in blood pressure?
|
CAROTID SINUS
|
|
|
What ovoid mass of tissue located on the medial side of the bifurcation of the common carotid. It's chemoreceptor and monitors oxygen blood levels?
|
CAROTID BODY
|
|
|
What is the origin of external carotid artery?
|
ARISE FROM THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY
|
|
|
What is the course of external carotid artery?
|
ASCENDS POSTEROSUPERIORLY TO THE CONDYLAR PROCESS OF THE MANDIBLE, WHERE IT DIVIDES INTO THE TWO TERMINAL BRANCHES (MAXILLARY ARTERY AND SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERY)
|
|
|
What does the external carotid artery supply to?
|
MOST STRUCTURE EXTERNAL TO THE CRANIUM, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE ORBIT AND PART OF THE FOREHEAD. IT ALSO SUPPLIES DEEP STRUCTURES OF THE CRANIUM (EG: MIDDLE MENINGEAL ARTERY)
|
|
|
What are the anterior branches of external carotid artery?
|
SUPERIOR THYROID ARTERY
LINGUAL ARTERY FACIAL ARTERY |
|
|
What are the medial branches of external carotid artery?
|
ASCENDING PHARYNGEAL ARTERY
|
|
|
What are the posterior branches of external carotid artery?
|
OCCIPITAL ARTERY
POSTERIOR AURICULAR ARTERY |
|
|
What are the terminal branches of external carotid artery?
|
SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERY
MAXILLARY ARTERY |
|
|
What is the course of the superior thyroid artery anterior branch of the external carotid artery?
|
RUNS ANTEROINFERIORLY DEEP TO INFRAHYOID MUSCLE
|
|
|
What does the superior thyroid artery anterior branch of the external carotid artery supply to?
|
THYROID GLAND, INFRAHYOID MUSCLE AND SCM
|
|
|
What is the branch of superior thyroid artery anterior branch of the external carotid artery? What does it supply to?
|
SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL ARTERY
SUPPLY: LARYNX |
|
|
What is the course of the lingual artery anterior branch of the external carotid artery?
|
RUNS SUPEROANTERIORLY DEEP TO HYOPGLOSSAL NERVE (CN 120 AND DISAPPEARS UNDER THE HYOGLOSSUM MUSCLE --> ASCENDS TOWARDS TIP OF TONGUE
|
|
|
What does the lingual artery anterior branch of the external carotid artery supply to?
|
TONGUE
|
|
|
What are the branches of lingual artery anterior branch of the external carotid artery?
|
DEEP LINGUAL ARTERY
SUBLINGUAL ARTERY |
|
|
What is the course of the facial artery anterior branch of the external carotid artery?
|
RUNS ANTERIORLY (DEEP TO POSTERIOR BELLY OF DIGASTRIC MUSCLE AND STYLOHYOID MUSCLE) --> HOOKS AROUND THE MIDDLE OF THE INFERIOR BORDER OF MANDIBLE, EMERGING ONTO THE FACE --> DIAGONAL COURSE TOWARDS MEDIAL ASPECT OF ORBIT
|
|
|
What does the facial artery anterior branch of the external carotid artery supply to?
|
SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND, MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION, AND FACE (LIPS, NOSE, AND ORBIT)
|
|
|
What are the branches of facial artery anterior branch of the external carotid artery?
|
ASCENDING PALATINE ARTERY
TONSILLAR ARTERY SUBMENTAL ARTERY |
|
|
What is the course of the ascending pharyngeal artery medial branch of the external carotid artery?
|
ASCENDS ALONG PHARYNX DEEP (MEDIAL) TO INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
|
|
|
What does the ascending pharyngeal artery medial branch of the external carotid artery supply to?
|
PHARYNX, PREVERTEBRAL MUSCLE, MIDDLE EAR, AND CRANIAL MENINGES
|
|
|
What is the course of the occipital artery posterior branch of the external carotid artery?
|
ASCENDS POSTERIORLY PARALLEL TO POSTERIOR BELLY OF DIGASTRIC MUSCLE --> IT DIVIDES IN POSTERIOR PART OF SCALP
|
|
|
What does the occipital artery posterior branch of the external carotid artery supply to?
|
POSTERIOR PORTION OF SCALP
|
|
|
What is the course of the posterior auricular artery posterior branch of the external carotid artery?
|
ASCENDS POSTERIORLY BETWEEN EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS OPENING AND MASTOID PROCESS
|
|
|
What does the posterior auricular artery posterior branch of the external carotid artery supply to?
|
PAROTID GLAND, FACIAL NERVE, AND STRUCTURES IN TEMPORAL BONE, AURICLE, AND SMALL PART OF SCALP POSTERIOR TO AURICLE.
|
|
|
What is the course of the superficial temporal artery terminal branch of the external carotid artery?
|
ARISES FROM TERMINAL BIFURCATION OF ECA --> EMERGES ON FACE BETWEEN TMJ AND AURICLE --> ON SCALP IT DIVIDES INTO FRONTAL AND PARIETAL BRANCHES
|
|
|
What does the superficial temporal artery terminal branch of the external carotid artery supply to?
|
FRONTOLATERAL PART OF SCALP
|
|
|
What is the branch of the superficial temporal artery?
|
TRANSVERSE FACIAL ARTERY
|
|
|
What is the course of transverse facial artery branch of superficial temporal artery?
|
PROJECTS ANTERIORLY WITHIN PAROTID GLAND AND SUPERFICIAL TO MASSETER MUSCLE
|
|
|
What does the transverse facial artery branch of superficial temporal artery supply to?
|
PAROTID GLAND AND DUCT, MASSETER MUSCLE, AND SKIN OF FACE. **ANASTOMOSES** WITH FACIAL ARTERY
|
|
|
What is the course of the maxillary artery terminal branch of the external carotid artery?
|
RUNS ANTERIORLY THROUGH INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA --> CROSSES LATERAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE --> GOES THROUGH PTERYGOMAXILLARY FISSURE AND INTO PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA
|
|
|
What does the maxillary artery terminal branch of the external carotid artery supply to?
|
TMJ, INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA STRUCTURES, MENINGES AND CALVARIA, MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR TEETH, STRUCTURES OF NASAL CAVITY, AND SOME ASPECTS OF THE ORBIT
|
|
|
What is the course of middle meningeal branch in the infratemporal fossa of the maxillary branch?
|
ASCENDS TO ENTER CRANIAL CAVITY THROUGH FORAMEN SPINOSUM
|
|
|
What does the middle meningeal branch in the infratemporal fossa of the maxillary branch supply to?
|
DURA MATER AND CALVARIA, TRIGEMINAL GANGLION, FACIAL NERVE AND GENICULATE GANGLION
|
|
|
What is the course of muscular branch in the infratemporal fossa of the maxillary branch?
|
GO TO MUSCLES OF MASTICATION AND THE BUCCINATOR
|
|
|
What does the muscular branch in the infratemporal fossa of the maxillary branch supply to?
|
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION AND BUCCINATOR
|
|
|
What is the course of inferior alveolar branch in the infratemporal fossa of the maxillary branch?
|
DESCENDS TO ENTER THE MANDIBLE VIA MANDIBULAR FORAMEN --> GOES ANTERIORLY WITHIN THE BODY OF MANDIBLE --> EMERGES THROUGH MENTAL FORAMEN --. BECOMING THE MENTAL ARTERY
|
|
|
What does the inferior alveolar branch in the infratemporal fossa of the maxillary branch supply to?
|
MANDIBLE, MANDIBULAR TEETH, CHIN, AND MYLOHYOID MUSCLE
|
|
|
What is the course of posterior superior alveolar (PSA) branch in the infratemporal fossa of the maxillary branch?
|
DESCENDS ON MAXILLA'S INFRATEMPORAL SURFACE
|
|
|
What does the posterior superior alveolar (PSA) branch in the infratemporal fossa of the maxillary branch supply to?
|
MAXILLARY MOLAR AND PREMOLAR TEETH, ADJACENT GINGIVA, AND MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF MAXILLARY SINUS
|
|
|
What is the course of infraorbital artery branch in the pterygopalatine fossa of the maxillary branch?
|
ENTERS ORBIT VIA INFERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE --> RUNS ON INFERIOR WALL (FLOOR) OF ORBIT --> EMERGES IN THE FACE THROUGH INFRAORBITAL FORAMEN
|
|
|
What does the infraorbital artery branch in the pterygopalatine fossa of the maxillary branch supply to?
|
INFERIOR OBLIQUE AND RECTUS MUSCLE, LACRIMAL SAC, MAXILLARY CANINES AND INCISOR TEETH, AND INFRA-ORBITAL REGION OF FACE
|
|
|
What are the branches of infraorbital artery? What does it supply to?
|
ANTERIOR AND MIDDLE SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR ARTERY
SUPPLY: INCISORS AND CANINES TEETH, RESPECTIVELY |
|
|
What is the course of descending palatine branch in the pterygopalatine fossa of the maxillary branch?
|
DESCENDS TO THE PALATE AND DIVIDES
|
|
|
What does the descending palatine branch in the pterygopalatine fossa of the maxillary branch supply to?
|
GREATER AND LESSER PALATINE ARTERIES SUPPLY THE PALATE
|
|
|
What are the branches of descending palatine? What does it supply to?
|
GREATER AND LESSER PALATINE ARTERY
SUPPLY: MUCOSA AND GLANDS OF HARD AND SOFT PALATE |
|
|
What is the course of sphenopalatine artery (terminal artery of maxillary artery) branch in the pterygopalatine fossa of the maxillary branch?
|
THROUGH SPHENOPALATINE FORAMEN
|
|
|
What does the sphenopalatine artery (terminal artery of maxillary artery) branch in the pterygopalatine fossa of the maxillary branch supply to?
|
WALLS AND SEPTUM OF NASAL CAVITY, FRONTAL, ETHMOIDAL, SPHENOID, AND MAXILLARY SINUSES
|
|
|
What vein drains the anterior part of the scalp?
|
SUPRA-ORBITAL AND SUPRATROCHLEAR VEIN
|
|
|
What vein drains the scalp anterior to auricles?
|
SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL VEIN
|
|
|
What vein drain scalp posterior to auricles?
|
POSTERIOR AURICULAR VEIN
|
|
|
What vein drains posterior part of the scalp and ends deep in the IJV?
|
OCCIPITAL VEIN
|
|
|
What vein drains superficial aspect of face?
|
FACIAL VEIN
|
|
|
What is the origin of the facial vein?
|
MEDIAL ASPECT OF ORBIT FROM SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR OPHTHALMIC VEIN
|
|
|
What is the course of the facial vein?
|
DESCENDS POSTERIORLY AND INFERIORLY UNTIL --> LOWER BORDER OF MANDIBLE --> RUNS POSTERIORLY TO JOIN THE COMMON TRUNK ON IJV
|
|
|
Clinical note of facial vein?
|
*** SUPERIOR OPHTHALMIC VEIN RUNS ON THE ROOF OF ORBIT --> GOES THROUGH THE SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE --> ENTERS THE CAVERNOUS SINUS. INFECTION IN THE FACE CAN SPREAD TO THE CRANIAL CAVITY THROUGH THIS VEIN.
|
|
|
What is the origin of superficial anterior jugular vein?
|
AT THE HYOID BONE LEVEL, FROM CONFLUENCE OF SUPERFICIAL SUBMANDIBULAR VEINS
|
|
|
What is the course of superficial anterior jugular vein?
|
DESCENDS BETWEEN ANTERIRO MEDIAN LINE OF NECK AN ANTERIRO BORDER OF SCM --> AT ROOT OF NECK IT TURNS LATERALLY AND POSTERIOR (DEEP) TO SCM --> ENDS IN THE EJV OR SUBCLAVIAN VEIN
|
|
|
Where right and left anterior jugular veins join superior to the manubrium in the suprasternal space is?
|
JUGULAR VENOUS ARCH
|
|
|
What is the course of superficial external jugular vein?
|
DESCENDS FROM ANGLE OF MANDIBLE SUPERIOR TO SCM AND DEEP TO PLATYSMA --> PIERCES INVESTING LAYER OF DEEP CERVICAL FASCIA --> ENDS IN SUBCLAVIAN VEIN
|
|
|
External jugular vein drains?
|
MOST OF SCALP AND SIDE OF FACE
|
|
|
What is the course of posterior auricular vein that adds on to external jugular vein (EJV)?
|
PART OF SCALP BETWEEN AURICLES AND SUPERIOR TO MASTOID PROCESS (SUPERFICIAL TO SCM)
|
|
|
What is the course of retromandibular vein that adds on to external jugular vein (EJV)?
|
RUNS POSTERIOR TO RAMUS OF MANDIBLE, WITHIN THE SUBSTANCE OF THE PAROTID GLAND. EMERGES FROM THE INFERIOR POLE OF THE PAROTID GLAND AND DIVIDES IN ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR BRANCHES.
|
|
|
What is the course of superficial temporal vein that adds on to retromandibular vein?
|
FROM PART OF SCALP ANTERIOR TO AURICLES, DESCENDS TO INFRATEMPORAL REGION TO MEET THE MAXILLARY VEIN.
|
|
|
What is the course of superficial maxillary vein that adds on to retromandibular vein?
|
DRAINS THE PTERYGOID VENOUS PLEXUS IN THE INFRATEMPORAL REGION --> RUNS POSTERIORLY TO JOIN SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL VEIN
|
|
|
What is the location of pterygoid venous plexus?
|
INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA UNDER TEMPORALIS MUSCLE AND AROUND PTERYGOID MUSCLE
|
|
|
What is the connection of pterygoid venous plexus?
|
ANTERIORLY TO FACIAL VEIN SUPERIORLY TO CAVERNOUS SINUS. POSTERIORLY WITH EJV VIA MAXILLARY VEIN. *** POTENTIAL FOR INFECTION SPREAD AMONG THOSE AREA***
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What is the origin of internal jugular vein?
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JUGULAR FORAMEN IN THE POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA
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What is the course of internal jugular vein?
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DESCENDS THROUGH THE NECK IN CAROTID SHEATH DEEP TO SCM --> JOINS SUBCLAVIAN VEIN (POSTERIOR TO STERNAL END OF CLAVICLE)
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What dilates at the origin of the internal jugular vein?
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SUPERIOR BULB OF THE INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN
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What dilates at the end of the internal jugular vein?
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INFERIOR BULB OF THE INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN
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What is located in the inferior bulb of the internal jugular vein, prevent back flow of blood into the vein?
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BICUSPID VALVE
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INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN + SUBCLAVIAN VEIN -->
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BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEIN --> SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
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What is the origin and course of the pharyngeal veins branch of internal jugular vein?
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PLEXUS OF VEINS AROUND THE OUTER SURFACE OF PHARYNX --> DRAIN INTO THE PHARYNGEAL VEINS --> DRAIN INT HE INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN PORTION THAT IS POSTERIOR TO THE RAMUS OF THE MANDIBLE
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What is the origin and course of the facial veins branch of internal jugular vein?
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WHERE THE FACIAL AND ANTERIOR RETROMANDIBULAR JOIN --> THEN IT DRAINS IN THE INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN AT THE ANGLE OF MANDIBLE (OFTEN IN COMMON TRUNK)
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What is the origin of the lingual veins branch of internal jugular vein?
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TIP OF TONGUE
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What is the course of the lingual veins branch of internal jugular vein?
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GOES POSTERIORLY TO DRAIN IN THE INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN AT THE LEVEL OF THE ANGLE OF MANDIBLE (OFTEN IN COMMON TRUNK)
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What is the origin of the superior thyroid vein branch of internal jugular vein?
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SUPERIOR PART OF THYROID GLAND
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What is the course of the superior thyroid veins branch of internal jugular vein?
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GOES POSTEROSUPERIORLY TO DRAIN IN THE INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN INFERIOR TO THE ANGLE OF THE MANDIBLE
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What is the origin of the middle thyroid veins branch of internal jugular vein?
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MIDDLE PART OF THYROID GLAND
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What is the course of the middle thyroid veins branch of internal jugular vein?
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RUNS POSTERIORLY TO DRAIN IN THE LOWER PORTION OF THE INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN
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What is the origin of the inferior thyroid veins branch of internal jugular vein?
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INFERIOR SIDE OF THYROID GLAND
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What is the course of the inferior thyroid veins branch of internal jugular vein?
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GOES INFERIORLY TO DRAIN DIRECTLY IN THE BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEIN
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Superficial lymphatic vessel accompany?
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VEINS
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Deep lymphatic vessel accompany?
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ARTERIES
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All lymphatic vessels from H&N drain directly or indirectly into?
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DEEP CERVICAL LYMPH NODES, WHICH CONSTITUTE A CHAIN OF LYMPHATIC NODES LOCATED ALONG THE INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN --> *JUGULAR LYMPHATIC TRUNK*, WHICH JOINS THE THORACIC DUCT (L) AND THE IJV OR BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEIN (R)
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Where is location of superficial occipital lymphatic nodes?
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OCCIPITAL REGION, OVER THE SUPERIOR NUCHAL LINE
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Where is location of superficial mastoid lymphatic nodes?
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POSTERIOR TO EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS OPENING
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Where is location of superficial parotid lymphatic nodes?
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ANTERIOR TO EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS SUPERFICIAL TO THE GLAND AND DEEP TO THE SKIN
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Where is location of superficial submandibular lymphatic nodes?
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IN THE SUBMANDIBULAR TRIANGLE, INFERIOR TO BODY OF MANDIBLE
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Where is location of superficial submental lymphatic nodes?
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IN THE SUBMENTAL TRIANGLE, INFERIOR TO CHIN
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Where is the location for jugular lymphatic trunk?
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BASE OF THE NECK
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Where does the jugular lymphatic trunk drains?
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RECEIVE DRAINAGE FROM ALL OF THE DEEP NODES LOCATED SUPERIORLY TO IT --> THORACIC DUCT (L) AND IJV OR BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEIN (R)
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Where is the location of jugulodigastric of the deep lymphatic nodes?
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CAROTID TRIANGLE, ANTERIOR AND SUPERFICIAL TO IJV, JUST BELOW ANGLE OS MANDIBLE, AND THE CROSSING OF THE POSTERIOR BELLY OF DIGASTRIC MUCLE
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Where does the jugulodigastric of the deep lymphatic nodes drains?
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SUPERFICIAL, TONGUE, AND PALATINE TONSILS NODES AND VESSELS
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Clinical jugulodigastric of the deep lymphatic nodes:
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THIS IS THE NODE THAT SWELLS UP IN THE NECK DURING AN INFECTION. IN CASE OF CANCER OR METATASIS IN THE HEAD OR NECK IS THE 1ST NODE TO SWELL
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Where is the location of juguloomohyoid of the deep lymphatic nodes?
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AT BASE OF NECK, ABOVE THE CROSSING OF THE OMOHYOID MUSCLE OVER THE IJV
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Where does the juguloomohyoid of the deep lymphatic nodes drains?
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TONGUE NODES AND VESSELS
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Clinical jugulomohoid of the deep lymphatic nodes:
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IF ENLARGED, IT COULD BE A SIGN OF TONGUE CARCINOMA
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How many cervical spinal nerves are there ?
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8
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Where does spinal nerves C1-C7 emerge?
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SUPERIOR TO THE CORRESPONDINGLY NUMBERED VERTEBRAE
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Where does spinal nerve C8 emerge?
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INFERIORLY TO VERTEBRAE C7 (BELOW THIS AREA, ALL REMAINING NERVES EMERGE INFERIOR TO THE CORRESPONDINGLY NUMBERED VERTEBRAE)
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Spinal nerve divide into?
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POSTERIOR AND ANTERIOR PRIMARY RAMUS
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What does the posterior rami of cervical spinal nerves supply to?
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MUSCLES, SKIN, AND SCALP ON BACK OF HEAD AND NECK
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What is the origin of suboccipital nerve (C1) of posterior rami of cervical spinal nerve?
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POSTERIOR RAMUS OF SPINAL NERVE C1
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What is the course of suboccipital nerve (C1) of posterior rami of cervical spinal nerve?
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EXITS SPINAL CORD BETWEEN CRANIUM AND C1 AND LIES WITHIN THE SUBOCCIPITAL TRIANGLE
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What does the suboccipital nerve (C1) of posterior rami of cervical spinal nerve supply to?
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MUSCLES OF THE SUBOCCIPITAL TRIANGLE
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What is the origin of great occipital nerve (C2) of posterior rami of cervical spinal nerve?
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POSTERIOR RAMUS OF SPINAL NERVE C2
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What is the course of great occipital nerve (C2) of posterior rami of cervical spinal nerve?
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EMERGES INFERIOR TO OBLIQUUS CAPITIS INFERIOR --> PIERCES SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS DURING ITS ASCEND TO POSTERIOR SCALP
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What does the great occipital nerve (C2) of posterior rami of cervical spinal nerve supply to?
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SCALP OF OCCIPITAL REGION, AND SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS MUSCLE
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What is the origin of third (least) occipital nerve (C3) of posterior rami of cervical spinal nerve?
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POSTERIOR RAMUS OF SPINAL NERVE C3
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What is the course of third (least) occipital nerve (C3) of posterior rami of cervical spinal nerve?
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PIERCES TRAPEZIUS MUSCLE AND ASCENDS ALONG POSTERIOR MIDLINE OF NECK
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What does the third (least) occipital nerve (C3) of posterior rami of cervical spinal nerve supply to?
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SCALP OF LOWER OCCIPITAL AND SUBOCCIPITAL REGION
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What is the origin of posterior rami, nerve C3 - C7 (C3 - C7) of cervical spinal nerve?
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POSTERIOR RAMUS OF SPINAL NERVES C3 - C7
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What is the course of posterior rami, nerve C3 - C7 (C3 - C7) of cervical spinal nerve?
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PASS SEGMENTALLY TO MUSCLES AND SKIN OF POSTERIOR NECK REGION
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What does the posterior rami, nerve C3 - C7 (C3 - C7) of cervical spinal nerve supply to?
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INTRINSIC MUSCLE OF BACK AND OVERLYING SKIN
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What does the anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves (cervical plexus) supply to?
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SKIN AND MUSCLE ON ANTEROLATERAL REGION OF NECK, EXTENDING INTO HEAD, SHOULDER GRIDLE, AND UPPER LIMB
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What is the origin of anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves (cervical plexus) supply to?
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DEEP TO SCM, COMPRISED BY THE ANTERIOR RAMI OF SPINAL NERVES C1 - C4, WHICH FORM THE ROOT OF THE CERVICAL PLEXUS
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Where does the ascending and descending branches of the adjacent anterior rami unite at?
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TO FORM LOOPS FROM WHERE THE BRANCHES EMERGE
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Where does the cutaneous (sensory) branches of the anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves originate from?
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THE POSTERIOR BORDER OF THE SCM
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Where does the motor branches of the anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves arise from?
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THE ANTERIOR BORDER OF THE SCM
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What are the components of anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves motor branches?
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ANSA CERVICALIS
PHRENIC NERVE CUTANEOUS BRANCHES |
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What are the components of anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves sensory branches?
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CUTANEOUS BRANCH
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What are the components of anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves other branches?
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DEEP MOTOR BRANCHES
CONTRIBUTIONS TO ACCESSORY NERVE (CN 11) |
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What is the origin of the ansa cervicalis superior root of anterior rami of cervical spinal nerve?
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BETWEEN LOOP OF C1 -- C2
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What is the course of the ansa cervicalis superior root of anterior rami of cervical spinal nerve?
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INITIALLY RUNS ANTERIORLY WITH THE HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE --> THEN TRUNS INFERIORLY TO JOIN THE INFERIOR ROOT
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What is the origin of the ansa cervicalis inferior root of anterior rami of cervical spinal nerve?
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BETWEEN LOOP C2 - C3
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What is the course of the ansa cervicalis inferior root of anterior rami of cervical spinal nerve?
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RUNS INFERIORLY TO JOIN THE SUPERIOR ROOT
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What are the branches of ansa cervicalis of anterior rami of cervical spinal nerve?
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OMOHYOID MUSCLE
STERNOTHYROID MUSCLE STERNOHYOID MUSCLE GENIOHYOID AND THYROHYOID MUSCLE (JUST BEFORE THE SUPERIOR ROOT TURNS INFERIORLY THERE ARE 2 BRANCHES RUNNING ANTERIORLY) |
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What is the origin of phrenic nerve motor of anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves?
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MOSTLY C4, BUT ALSO C3 & C5
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What is the course of phrenic nerve motor of anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves?
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DESCENDS WITH THE IJV ACROSS THE ANTERIOR SCALENE MUSCLE IN THE NECK, SUPERFICIALLY TO ANTERIOR SCALENE --> THROUGH THE THORAX --> TO DIAPHRAGM
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Where does the phrenic nerve motor of anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves supply to?
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MOTOR AND SENSATION (MEDIAL PART ONLY) TO DIAPHRAGM
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What is the course of lesser occipital nerve (C2) cutaneous branch of the anterior rami of cervical spinal nerve?
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RUNS SUPERIORLY AND POSTERIORLY (PARALLEL TO POSTERIOR BORDER OF SCM)
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What does the lesser occipital nerve (C2) cutaneous branch of the anterior rami of cervical spinal nerve supply to?
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SKIN OF NECK AND SCALP POSTEROSUPERIOR TO AURICLE
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What is the course of great auricular nerve (C2 - C3) cutaneous branch of the anterior rami of cervical spinal nerve?
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ASCEND ACROSS THE SCM TO INFERIOR POLE OF PAROTID GLAND WHERE IT DIVIDES
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What does the great auricular nerve (C2 - C3) cutaneous branch of the anterior rami of cervical spinal nerve supply to?
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PAROTID GLAND
AURICLE AREA OVER MASTOID PROCESS |
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What is the course of transverse cervical or anterior cutaneous (C2 - C3) cutaneous branch of the anterior rami of cervical spinal nerve?
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CURVES AROUND THE POSTERIOR BORDER OF SCM AND PASSES ANTERIORLY SUPERFICIAL TO THE SCM AND DEEP TO THE EJV
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What does the transverse cervical or anterior cutaneous (C2 - C3) cutaneous branch of the anterior rami of cervical spinal nerve supply to?
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SKIN OF ANTERIOR CERVICAL REGION
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What is the course of supraclavicular (C3 - C4) cutaneous branch of the anterior rami of cervical spinal nerve?
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DESCEND DEEP TO SCM TOWARDS THE SHOULDER REGION
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What does the supraclavicular (C3 - C4) cutaneous branch of the anterior rami of cervical spinal nerve supply to?
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MEDIAL: SKIN OVER BASE OF NECK AND UPPER STERNUM
INTERMEDIATE: SKIN OVER SUPERIOR PORTION OF PECTORALIS MAJOR MUSCLE LATERAL: SKIN OVER SUPERIOR 1/3RD OF DELTOID MUSCLE |
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What does the deep motor branches of the anterior rami of cervical spinal nerve supply to?
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PREVERTEBRAL MUSCLES (E.G. MIDDLE SCALENE, LONGUS COLLI AND CAPITIS MUSCLE)
CONTRIBUTES TO ACCESSORY NERVE (C2 - C4): C2 - C3 & C3 - C4 |
