Gross Anatomy Chapter 3

Front 1

A 27 year old patient exhibits a loss of skin sensation and paralysis of muscles on the plantar aspect of the medial side of the foot. Which of the following nerves is most likely damaged?

Back 1

Tibial

Front 2

A patient with a deep knife wound in the buttock walks with a waddling gait that is characterized by the pelvis falling toward one side at each step. Which of the following nerves is damaged?

Back 2

Superior gluteal nerve

Front 3

A patient is unable to prevent anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia when the knee is flexed. Which of the following ligaments is most likely damaged?

Back 3

Posterior cruciate

Front 4

A 41 year old man was involved in a fight and felt weakness in extending the knee joint. On examination, he was diagnosed with a lesion of the femoral nerve. Which of the following symptoms would be a result of this nerve damage?

Back 4

Paralysis of the vastus lateralis muscle

Front 5

A 47 year old woman is unable to invert her foot after she stumbled on her driveway. Which of the following nerves are most likely injured?

Back 5

Deep peronal and tibial

Front 6

A 22 year old patient is unable to "unlock" the knee joint to permit flexion of the lef. Which of the following muscles is most likely damaged?

Back 6

Popliteus

Front 7

A patient presents with sensory loss on adjacent sides of the great and seond toes and impaired dorsiflexion of the foot. These signs probably indicate damage to which of the following nerves?

Back 7

Deep peroneal

Front 8

A motorcyclist falls from his bike in an accident and gets a deep gash that severs the superficial peroneal nerve near its original Which of the following muscles is paralyzed?

Back 8

Peroneus longus

Front 9

A 67 year old patient has been given a course of antibiotics by gluteal intramuscular injections after a major abdominal surgery. To avoid damaging the sciatic nerve during an injection, the needle should be inserted into which of the following areas?

Back 9

Upper lateral quadrant of the gluteal region

Front 10

A 20 year old patient cannot flex and medially rotate the thigh while running and climbing. Which of the following muscles is most likely damaged?

Back 10

tensor fasciae latae

Front 11

A 21 year old man was involved in a motorcycle accident, resulting in destruction of the groove int he lower surface of the cuboid bone. Which of the following muscle tendons is most likely damaged?

Back 11

Peroneus longus

Front 12

A construction worker falls feet first from a roof. He sustains a fracture of the groove on the undersurface of the sustentaulum tali of the calcaneus bone. Which of the following muscle tendons is most likely torn?

Back 12

Flexor hallucis longus

Front 13

A thoracic surgeon is going to harvest a portion of the greater saphenous vein for coronary bypass surgery. He has observed that this vein runs:

Back 13

Superficial to the fascia lata of the thigh

Front 14

A 52 year old woman slipped and fell and now complains of being unable to extend her leg at the knee joint. Which of the following muscles was paralyzed as a result of this accident?

Back 14

Quadriceps femoris

Front 15

A patient experiences weakness in dorsiflexing and inverting the foot. Which of the following muscles is damaged?

Back 15

Tibialis anterior

Front 16

+A 62 year old woman slips and falls on the bathroom floor. As a result, she has a posterior dislocation of the hip joint and a fracture of the neck of the femur.+
Rupture of the ligamentum teres capitis femoris may lead to damage to a branch of which of the following arteries?

Back 16

Obturator

Front 17

+A 62 year old woman slips and falls on the bathroom floor. As a result, she has a posterior dislocation of the hip joint and a fracture of the neck of the femur.+
Fracture of the neck of the femur results in avascular necrosis of the femoral head, probably resulting from lack of blood supply from which of the following arteries?

Back 17

Medial femoral circumflex

Front 18

+A 62 year old woman slips and falls on the bathroom floor. As a result, she has a posterior dislocation of the hip joint and a fracture of the neck of the femur.+
If the acetabulum is fractured at its posterosuperior margin by dislocation of the hip joint, which of the following bones could be involved?

Back 18

Ilium

Front 19

+A 62 year old woman slips and falls on the bathroom floor. As a result, she has a posterior dislocation of the hip joint and a fracture of the neck of the femur.+
The woman experiences weakness when abducting and medially rotating the thigh after this accident. Which of the following muscles is most likely damaged?

Back 19

Gluteus minimus

Front 20

+A 62 year old woman slips and falls on the bathroom floor. As a result, she has a posterior dislocation of the hip joint and a fracture of the neck of the femur.+
The woman undergoes hip surgery. If all of the arteries that are part of the cruciate anastomosis of the upper thigh are ligated, which of the following arteries maintains blood flow?

Back 20

Superior gluteal

Front 21

A 34 year old woman sustains a deep cut on the dorsum of the foot just distal to her ankle joint by a falling kitchen knife. A physician in the emergency department has ligated the dorsalis pedis artery proximal to the injured area. Which of the following conditions most likely occurs as a result of the injury?

Back 21

Reduction of blood flow in the medial tarsal artery

Front 22

A patient experiences paralysis of the muscle that originates from the femur and contributes directly to the stability of the knee joint. Which of the following muscles is involved?

Back 22

Vastus lateralis

Front 23

A patient is involved in a motorcycle wreck that results in avulsion of the skin over the anterolateral leg and ankle. Which of the following structures is most likely destroyed with this type of injury?

Back 23

Superficial peroneal nerve

Front 24

A knife wound penetrates the superficial vein that terminates in the politeal vein. bleeding occurs from which of the following vessels?

Back 24

Lesser saphenous vein

Front 25

A 10 year old boy falls from a tree house. The resultant heavy compression of the sole of his foot against the ground caused a fracture of the head of the talus. Which of the following structures is unable to function normally?

Back 25

Medial longitudinal arch

Front 26

A 24 year old woman complains of weakness when she extends her thigh and rotates it laterally. Which of the following muscles is paralyzed?

Back 26

Gluteus maximus

Front 27

A patient with hereditary blood clotting problems presents with pain in the back of her knee. An arteriogram reveals a blood clot in the popliteal artery at its proximal end. Which of the following arteries will allow blood to reach the foot?

Back 27

Lateral circumflex femoral

Front 28

A 72 year old woman complains of a cramp-like pain in her thigh and leg. She was diagnosed as having a severe intermittent claudication. Following surgery, an infection was found in the adductor canal, damaging the enclosed structures. Which of the following structures remains intact?

Back 28

Great saphenous vein

Front 29

A basketball player was hit in the thigh by an opponent's knee. Which of the following arteries is likely to compress and cause ischemia because of the bruise and damage to the extensor muscles of the leg?

Back 29

Anterior tibial

Front 30

AN elderly woman fell at home and fractured the greater trochanter of her femur. Which of the following muscles would continue to function normally?

Back 30

Gluteus maximus

Front 31

+A 20 year old college student receives a blow on the inferolateral side of the left knee joint while playing football. Radiographic examination reveals a fracture of the head and neck of the fibula+
Which of the following nerves is damaged?

Back 31

Common peroneal

Front 32

+A 20 year old college student receives a blow on the inferolateral side of the left knee joint while playing football. Radiographic examination reveals a fracture of the head and neck of the fibula+
After injury to this nerve, which of the following muscles could be paralyzed?

Back 32

Extensor hallucis longus

Front 33

+A 20 year old college student receives a blow on the inferolateral side of the left knee joint while playing football. Radiographic examination reveals a fracture of the head and neck of the fibula+
If the lateral (fibular) collateral ligament is torn by this fracture, which of the following conditions may occur?

Back 33

Abnormal passive adduction of the extended leg

Front 34

+A 20 year old college student receives a blow on the inferolateral side of the left knee joint while playing football. Radiographic examination reveals a fracture of the head and neck of the fibula+
Which of the following arteries could also be damaged by this fracture?

Back 34

Anterior tibial

Front 35

+A 20 year old college student receives a blow on the inferolateral side of the left knee joint while playing football. Radiographic examination reveals a fracture of the head and neck of the fibula+
Which of the following conditions would occur from this fracture?

Back 35

Anterior tibial compartment syndrome

Front 36

A construction worker is hit on the leg with a concrete block and is subsequently unable to plantar flex and invert his foot. Which of the following muscles is most likely damaged?

Back 36

Tibialis posterior

Front 37

The obturator nerve and the sciatic (tibial portion) nerve of a 15 year old boy are transected as a result of a motorcycle accident. This injury would result in complete paralysis of which of the followig muscles?

Back 37

Addutor magnus

Front 38

A 24 year old woman presents to her physician with weakness in flexing the hip joint and extending the knee joint. What muscle is most likely involved in this scenario?

Back 38

Rectus femoris

Front 39

A 17 year old boy was stabbed during a gang fight resulting in transection of the obturator nerve. Which of the following muscles is completely paralyzed?

Back 39

Adductor longus

Front 40

A 32 year old carpenter fell from the roof. The lateral longitudinal arch of his foot was flattened from fracture and displacement of the keystone for the arch. Which of the following bones is damaged?

Back 40

Cuboid bone

Front 41

While playing football, a 19 year old college student receives a twisting injury to his knee when being tackles from the lateral side. Which of the following conditions most likely has occurred?

Back 41

Tear of the medial meniscus

Front 42

A patient has weakness when flexing both her thigh and leg. Which of the following muscles is most likely injured?

Back 42

Sartorius

Front 43

A 35 year old man has difficulty in dorsiflexing the foot. Which of the following musles is most likely damaged?

Back 43

Tibialis anterior

Front 44

An injury to the leg of a golfer results in loss of the ability to invert the foot. Which of the following muscles is most likely paralyzed?

Back 44

Tibialis posterior

Front 45

An orthopedi surgeon ligates the posterior tibial artery at its origin. Which of the following arteries has no blood flow immediately after the ligation?

Back 45

Peroneal

Front 46

Before knee surgery, a surgeon ligates arteries participating in the anastomosis around the knee joint. Which of the following arteries is most likely spared?

Back 46

Saphenous branch of the descending genicular

Front 47

A 25 year old gladiator sustains a penetrating injury that severs the superficial peroneal nerve. This will most likely cause paralysis of which of the following muscles?

Back 47

Peroneus Brevis

Front 48

A patient presents with a thrombosis in the popliteal vein. This thrombosis most likely causes reduction of blood flow in which of the following veins?

Back 48

Femoral

Front 49

A 21 year old tennis player comes to an emergency room and complains of pain in the knee joint. on examination, he has an infection inside the knee joint capsule but outside the synovial cavity. Which of the following structures is preserved from this infection?

Back 49

Lateral collateral ligament

Front 50

A 14 year old gymnastic silver medalist falls from the parallel bar and complains of pains from the knee and ankle joints. On physical examination, her physician found that the muscle responsible for flexing the leg at the knee joint and plantar flexing the foot is severely weakened. Which of the following muscles involved in both movements was most likely damaged in this accident?

Back 50

Gastrocenemius

Front 51

A 28 year old basketball player falls while rebounding and is unable to run and jump. On physical examination, he has pain and weakness when extending his thigh and flexing his leg. Which muscle involved in both movements is most likely injured?

Back 51

Semitendinosus

Front 52

A 52 year old woman comes to an orthopedic surgeon complaining of an uncomfortable feeling in her knee and ankle joints. After a thorough examination, she is diagnosed having arthritis with mild discomfort with passive movements. The muscles acting at the ankle joint appear normal with good strength. Which muscle can both dorsiflex and invert her foot?

Back 52

Extensor hallucis longus.