Gross Anatomy Brain, Spinal Cord

Front 1

Separates frontal and parietal lobes

Back 1

central sulcus

Front 2

separates frontal and parietal lobes from temporal lobe

Back 2

lateral sulcus

Front 3

indentation on inferior margin of hemisphere, delineates temporal from occipital lobe

Back 3

preoccipital notch

Front 4

primary motor cortex

Back 4

precentral gyrus (anterior to central sulcus). Caudalmost portion of Frontal lobe

Front 5

primary somatosensory cortex

Back 5

postcentral gyrus (posterior to central sulcus). rostralmost portion of parietal lobe

Front 6

What comprises Wernicke's area?

Back 6

Left supermarginal and angular gyrus (inferior parietal lobule)

Front 7

What comprises Broca's area?

Back 7

pars triangularis and pars opercularis portions of LEFT inferior frontal gyrus

Front 8

Precentral gyrus is primarily concerned with ________

Back 8

execution/initiation of movements (primary motor cortex)

Front 9

Premotor cortex is primarily concerned with ________

Back 9

Planning or programming movements (

Front 10

Prefrontal cortex is primarily concerned with ________

Back 10

Executive functions, decision making, cognition, working memory, social behavior

Front 11

Separates superior and inferior parietal lobules

Back 11

intraparietal sulcus

Front 12

primary auditory cortex

Back 12

superior transverse temporal gyrus. runs transversely on the superior aspect of temporal lobe

Front 13

bump over amygdala/hippocampus. on parahippocampal gyrus, ventromedial aspect of temporal lobe

Back 13

uncus

Front 14

gyrus on ventromedial temporal lobe, overlies hippocampus

Back 14

parahippocampal gyrus

Front 15

separates occipitotemporal (fusiform) and parahippocampal gyri

Back 15

collateral sulcus

Front 16

face recognition

Back 16

fusiform/occipitotemporal gyrus

Front 17

parts of corpus callosum from rostral --> caudal

Back 17

rostrum, genu, body, splenium

Front 18

vertical membrane between lateral ventricles in hemispheres

Back 18

septum pellucidum

Front 19

primary visual cortex

Back 19

cuneus and lingual gyrus in occipital lobe (separated by calcarine fissure)

Front 20

Divides visual cortex

Back 20

calcarine fissure

Front 21

major relay sites in sensory and motor pathways to cortex

Back 21

thalamus

Front 22

diencephalon subdivisions

Back 22

thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland, subthalamus

Front 23

what separates the paired thalami?

Back 23

3rd ventricle

Front 24

produces melatonin

Back 24

pineal gland/epithalamus

Front 25

T/F There is no epidural space in the cranium

Back 25

T

Front 26

Supplies the dura mater

Back 26

middle meningeal artery

Front 27

What happens if middle meningeal artery is torn?

Back 27

epidural hematoma: blood collects between dura and bony skull

Front 28

Dura that separates the two cerebral hemispheres

Back 28

falx cerebri

Front 29

partitions the cranial vault into supratentorial compartment (containing cerebrum) and infratentorial compartment (ie. posterior fossa) containing cerebellum & brainstem.

Back 29

tentorium cerebelli

Front 30

leptomeninges

Back 30

arachnoid + pia mater

Front 31

Where is a subdural hematoma located?

Back 31

Occurs when there is damage to cerebral veins. encapsulated between the dura and arachnoid.

Front 32

membranous knobs that protrude into the superior sagittal sinus through which CSF is reabsorbed into the systemic venous circulation.

Back 32

arachnoid villi

Front 33

communicating hydrocephalus: cause

Back 33

results when Disruption of the reabsorption of CSF occurs thru the arachnoid villi

Front 34

Divisions of frontal lobe

Back 34

Precentral gyrus (aka primary motor cortex); superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri

Front 35

Divisions of parietal lobe

Back 35

Postcentral gyrus (aka somatosensory cortex); superior and inferior parietal lobules

Front 36

Divisions of inferior parietal lobule

Back 36

supramarginal (rostral) and angular gyri

Front 37

separates superior and inferior parietal lobules

Back 37

intraparietal sulcus

Front 38

Divisions of Lateral aspect of temporal lobe

Back 38

Superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri

Front 39

Divisions of inferior aspect of temporal lobe from medial --> lateral

Back 39

parahippocampal gyrus, occipitotemporal/fusiform gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus

Front 40

location of cingulate gyrus

Back 40

superior to corpus callosum

Front 41

continuation of the pre-and post-central gyri onto the medial aspect of the hemisphere, and contains the representation of the leg.

Back 41

paracentral lobule

Front 42

Divisions of medial aspect of occipital lobe

Back 42

Cuneus (dorsal) and lingual gyrus Separated by calcarine fissure (primary visual cortex)

Front 43

Which cranial nerves exit from the interpeduncular fossa (between the two cerebral peduncles)?

Back 43

Oculomotor (CN III)

Front 44

Which cranial nerves exit from the dorsal midbrain and curve ventrally around the cerebral peduncle?

Back 44

Trochlear (CN IV)

Front 45

Lobes of cerebellum

Back 45

Anterior Lobe
Posterior Lobe
Flocculonodular Lobe

Front 46

general organization of cerebellum

Back 46

The cerebellum has three lobes with a midline vermal portion and hemispheric portion.

Front 47

separates anterior from posterior lobes of cerebellum

Back 47

primary fissure

Front 48

Large bundles containing tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brainstem, form the walls of the fourth ventricle.

Back 48

cerebellar peduncles

Front 49

The floor of the fourth ventricle

Back 49

rhomboid fossa

Front 50

caudalmost portion of rhomboid fossa

Back 50

obex

Front 51

how many pairs of spinal nerves?

Back 51

31

Front 52

Spinal cord ends at vertebral level____

Back 52

L2

Front 53

What creates the cauda equina?

Back 53

dorsal and ventral nerve rootlets from lower segments of the spinal cord descend to their intervertebral foramen of exit

Front 54

Why are there enlargements at the cervical and lumbosacral regions of spinal cord?

Back 54

To innervate the upper and lower limbs

Front 55

What's the conus medullaris?

Back 55

The tapering at the end of spinal cord.

Front 56

Filum terminale

Back 56

extension of pia caudal to conus medullaris

Front 57

Which nerve exits through the intervertebral foramen between the skull and vertebra C1 (atlas).

Back 57

Cervical spinal nerve 1

Front 58

Spinal nerves C2 thru C7 exit (above,below) the vertebra of the same number.

Back 58

above

Front 59

Spinal nerves C8 exits below C7, and T1 thru Coccygeal 1 exit (above, below) the vertebra of the same number.

Back 59

below

Front 60

The spinal cord is surrounded by what three layers of connective tissue meninges?

Back 60

Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

Front 61

how far does dura extend?

Back 61

S2

Front 62

Where can a lumbar puncture be performed safely below?

Back 62

Below vertebra L2 where the cord ends, the dural sac only contains the nerve roots of the cauda equina, so a lumbar puncture (to sample CSF in the subarchnoid space) can safely be performed below that level.

Front 63

cutaneous segments (skin sectors) innervated by particular spinal cord levels.

Back 63

dermatomes