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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the external abdominal oblique?
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O: lateral surface of ribs 4-12, thoracolumbar fascia
I: wide aponeurosis of linea alba and pecten ossis pubis (abdominal pelvic tendons) Inn: last intercostal nn and ventral brs of T13, L1-3 Action: compress abdominal viscera |
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What is the origin, insertion, innervation and action of the internal abdominal oblique?
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O: tuber coxae, thoracolumbar fascia and inguinal ligament
I: costal arch, rectus abdominus, linea alba, prepubic tendon Inn: last intercostal nn and ventral brs T12, L1-3 Action: compress/support abdominal viscera |
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What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the transversus abdominus?
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O: Medial surface of last ribs, transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
I: Linea alba Inn: last intercostal nn and vetnral brs of T13, L1-3 Action: compress, support abdominal viscera |
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What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the rectus abdominus?
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Between costal cartilage/sternum and pecten ossis pubis
Inn: intercostal nn and ventral brs of T13, L1-3 A: compress/support abd viscera; move pelvis forward, flexion of back |
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What is the rectus sheath?
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Formed by aponeurosis of ext/int abdonimal oblique and transervsus abdominus.
Forms a sleeve for the rectus abdominus. |
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What is the blood supply to the abdominal wall?
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Cranial and caudal deep epigastric, cranial abdominal, and deep circumflex iliac
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What lymph nodes drain the ventral half of the abdominal wall?
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Superficial inguinal Lnn.
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What do the superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain into?
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medial iliac lymph nodes
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What structures course through the ingunial canal?
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External pudendal artery and vein; genitofemoral nerve; lymphatics, vaginal tunic (male) or vaginal process (female), and spermatic cord (male)
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Describe the regional variation of the rectus sheath.
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Thinner and more superficial in the caudal region.
Begins between internal abd aponeurosis Moves between internal and transverse Moves on top of transverse; sits just below the peritoneum |
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What are the boundries of the deep inguinal ring?
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Medial: lateral edge of rectus abdominus
Cranial: Caudal edge of internal abdominal oblique Caudal boundry: inquinal ligament (edge of external abdominal oblique) |
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What is the inguinal ligament?
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Caudal border of external abdominal oblique; separates vascular lacuna from the inguinal canal
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What is the vascular lacuna?
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Vessels that supply the pelvic limb (femoral a/v)
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Describe the lymphatics coursing through the inguinal canal.
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Efferent vessels of superficial inguinal Lnn. form trunks that pass through the canal to the medial iliac Lnn
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What is the vaginal process?
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Parietal peritoneal exavation; opening of process forms a ring for the round ligament of the uterus
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What is the vaginal ring?
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Boundary between peritoneal cavity and vaginal cavity; wraps around the testis and spermatic cord
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What is the clincal vaginal tunic?
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Includes internal spermatic fascia and parietal vaginal tunic; incised during open castration
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What is included in the spermatic cord?
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Testicular n, a, v, and pampiniform plexus; lymphatics, ductus deferens, deferent a, v; internal cremaster m; mesofuniculum
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What do the R and L tesiticular veins drain into?
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R: caudal vena cava
L: L renal vein |
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Is the cremaster muscle included in the spermatid cord?
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The internal cremaster m is but the cremaster m is not.
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What is the function of the testis?
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Sperm and hormone production
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What is the function of the epididymis?
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Storage and maturation of sperm
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What are the layers of the scrotum and the testes?
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-Skin fused with tunica dartos (smooth muscle)
-External spermatic fascia -Internal spermatic fascia -Parietal vaginal tunic (serous membrane) -Vaginal cavity -Visceral vaginal tunic (serous membrane) -Tunica albuginea (white fascia around testicle) -Testicular parenchyma |
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What is cut through in an open castration?
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First: skin/tunica dartos, external and internal spertamic fascia, and prietal vaginal tunic
once in the vaginal cavity, to expose the testicle: cut the visceral vaginal tunic, and tunica albuginea |
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What is the gubernaculum and what does it become?
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Mesenchymal tissue (causes testicles to drop); it becomes the proper ligament of the testis and the ligament of the tail of the epidiymis (male) and the round ligament of the uterus (female)
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What is the peritoneum?
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Serous membrane; made of parietal and visceral peritoneum
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What is the peritoneal cavity?
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Located between parietal and visceral peritoneum
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What is connecting peritoneum?
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double sheets of peritoneum that extend between organs or connect them to parietal peritoneum (mesentary, omentum, ligament)
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What are ligaments are remnants of the ventral primitive mesentary?
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Falicoform ligament and median ligament of the bladder
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What is contained in the superficial leaf of the omentum?
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Spleen
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What is contained in the deep leaf of the omentum?
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Left limb of the pancreas
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What fetal structure remnant is found in the median ligament of the bladder?
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Urachus (carried waste to placenta)
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What is the fetal remnant of umbilical veins?
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Round ligament of the liver
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What is the fetal remnant of umbilical arteries?
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Round ligament of the bladder
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What courses through the openings in the diaphragm and where are they?
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Aortic hiatus: aorta, azygous v, thoracic duct - dorsally
esophogeal hitus: esophogus, dorsa/ventral vagal trunks, esophogeal vessels - in the middle of the diaphragm caval foramen: caual vena cava - kinda ventrally just a little left lateral |
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What is the function of the liver?
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Metabolism of carbs, fats, proteins; produces bile; store and filter blood; excrete bilirubin; detoxify foreign substances
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Function of hepatic artery.
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Carry oxygen rich blood to liver
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Function of portal vein
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Carry nutrient rich blood to liver (from GI)
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Function of hepatic vein
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carry blood from liver to caudal vena cava
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What is the function of the gall bladder?
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store bile
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What is the function of the spleen?
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RBC storage, destruction, immune system, filtration
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What quadrants is the spleen located dorsal/left and right lateral recumbancy?
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Dorsal/left lateral recumbancy: left cranial/caudal quadrants
Right lateral recumbancy: left cranial, left caudal, and right cranial |
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Why do you need to know where the spleen is in right or left lateral recumbancy?
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For radiographs - it is NOT a foreign body; in right lateral recumbancy the spleen will appear in the right cranial quad.
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What divides the body of the stomach from the pyloric region?
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angular inscisure
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What quadrants is the stomach in?
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Left and right cranial quadrants
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What quad. is the cardia located?
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Left cranial
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What quad is the fundus located
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left cranial
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What quad is the body located?
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left cranial
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What quad is the pyloric antrum located?
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Dog: right cranial
Cat: left cranial |
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What quad is the pylorus located in?
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Dog: right cranial
Cat: midline; perhaps slightly left |
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Rotation of the intestine during fetal development
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causes the duodenum to course from right to left in the caudal quadrants; colon courses from left to right in the cranial quadrants
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What are the quadrants of the small intestine?
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Cranial duodenal flexure: right cranial quadrant
descending part: right cranial/caudal quadrants caudal duodenal flexure: right and left caudal quadrants Ascending part: left caudal quadrant Duodenojejunal flexure: left caudal quadrant |
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What quad is the ileum located in?
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Left and right caudal quads
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What quad is the cecum located?
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Right caudal quadrant
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What quads are the parts of the colon located?
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Ascending: right caudal/cranial quadrants
R colic flexure: R cranial quad Transverse colon: right and left cranial quad Left colic flexure: left cranial quad Descending: left cranial and caudal |
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Where is the cecum located?
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Right caudal quadrant
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What is the function of the pancreas?
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Exocrine: produce digestive proenzymes
Endocrine: produces insulin, glucagon, gastrin |
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Where is the pancreas located?
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Body (near pylorus) right cranial quad
Right lobe (w/ in mesoduodenum) right cranial and caudal quad Left lobe (w/in deep greater omentum) R and L cranial quads |
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What is the function of the kidneys?
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Remove toxins from the bloodstream and produce urine
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Where are the kidneys located?
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R cranial/caudal quads (more cranially)
L cranial/caudal quads (more caudally) |
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What size are the kidneys?
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Dog: 2.5 - 3.5 times the length of L2
Cat: 2 -3 times the length of L2 |
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What is different in the feline kidney vs the canine?
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Feline kidneys have subcapsular veins
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What is the function of adrenal glands?
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Cortex: corticosteroids and sex hormones
Medulla: epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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Functon of the ovaries
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produce ova and hormones
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Location of ovaries in relationship to each other.
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R more cranial than L
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What are the ligaments of the ovaries?
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Proper ligament of the ovary: courses betwen ovary and uterine horn
Suspensory ligament of the ovary |
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What is the blood supply to the ovaries and uterus?
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Ovarian a, v
Uterine a, v |
