Gross Anatomy

Front 1

THE SCAPULAR MUSCLES

Back 1

The intrinsic muscles of the shoulder.

Front 2

Surface landmarks of the scapula:

Back 2

superior angle of the scapula is at the level of T2.
Spine of the scapula-T3
Inferior angle-T7

Front 3

DELTIOD-ORIGIN

Back 3

Lateral third of the clavicle, spine of the scapula and acromion (opposite to the insertion of the trapezius

Front 4

DELTIOD-INSERTION

Back 4

Deltiod tuberosity of the humerous
Anterior fibers flex and medially rotate the arm

Posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate the arm;
the entire muscle abducts the arm

Front 5

INFRASPINATUS AND TERES MINOR

Back 5

Are attached to the greater tubercle of the humerus and lateral rotators of the arm

Front 6

SUPRASPINATUS

Back 6

Is also attached to the upper part of the greater tubercle of the humerus and is an abductor of the arm together with deltoid

Front 7

SUBCAPULARIS

Back 7

Is attached to the lessere tubercle and is a medial rotator of the arm; important in preventing anterior dislocation of the head of the humerus

Front 8

TERES MAJOR

Back 8

Is attached to the crest of the lesser tubercle or medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus and is an extensor, internal rotator, and adductor of the humerus

Front 9

INNERVATION OF THE INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER:

Back 9

Supra- and infraspinatus are innervated by suprascapular n. C5,6; Subscapularis and teres major by subscapular C5,6; teres minor and deltoid by axillary nerve

Front 10

SUBACROMIAL BURSA
(SHOULDER JOINT)

Back 10

Is located between the acromion and deltoid above the tendon of the supraspinatus

Front 11

SUBDELTOID BURSA
(SOULDER JOINT)

Back 11

Is located between the muscles and greater tubercle.

Front 12

ON THE BACK OF THE SCAPULA LONG HEAD OF THE TRICEPS TRAVELS BETWEEN THE TERES MAJOR AND MINOR AND 2 SPACES ARE FORMED?

Back 12

TRIANGULAR-that transmits the circumflex scapular artery & QUADRANGULAR- that transmits posterior circumflex humeral artery and axillary nerve

Front 13

AXILLARY NERVE

Back 13

Wraps around the surgical neck of the humerous and can be damaged in downward dislocation of the humerous or fractures of the surgical neck

Front 14

SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE

Back 14

At the upper end of the scapula the this nerve travels below the superior transverse scapular ligament through the scapular foramen to enter the suprascapular fossa and the infrascapular fossa through the spinoglenoid notch. The suprascapular artery enters the suprascapular fossa above the ligament

Front 15

SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

Back 15

Is divided for descriptive purposes into 3 parts
1.) Vertebral, Thyrocervical trunk, Internal thoracic
2.) branch of the 2nd part is the Costocervical Trunk

Front 16

ANASTOMOSIS

Back 16

On the back of the scapula we have an important arterial Anastomosis (connections) which is essential in formation of COLLATERAL CIRCULATION to bypass as obstruction

Front 17

ELBOW JOINT

Back 17

Is formed by the trochela and capitulum of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna and the head of the radius.
Enclosed in the same capsule is the proximal radioulnar joint.

Front 18

ELBOW IS STRENGTHENED BY?

Back 18

Radial and Ulnar Collateral Ligaments

Front 19

MOVEMENTS OF THE ELBOW

Back 19

Main movements are flexion and extension but they are not exactly in a sagittal plane; the ulna and humerus form an angle 165 degrees laterally (carrying angle)

Front 20

PROXIMAL and
DISTAL RADIOULNAR JOINT and
INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE

Back 20

Which the radius and ulna are connected by

Front 21

PROXIMAL JOINT

Back 21

Is located between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna

Front 22

ANNULAR LIGAMENT
(PROXIMAL JOINT)

Back 22

Encircles the head of the radius, so that the radius can rotate within the ligament but cannot be pulled downwards out of it

Front 23

DISTAL RADIOULNAR JOINT

Back 23

Is formed by the head of the ulna and ulnar notch of the radius.

Front 24

ARTICULAR DISC
(DISTAL RADIOULNAR JOINT)

Back 24

Is stretched between the ulnar notch of the radius and styloid process of the ulna; thus it covers the distal end of the ulna, seperating it and the distal radioulnar joint from the wrist joint. MOVEMENTS OF THE JOINT ARE- Pronation and Supination

Front 25

CARPAL BONES ARE-

Back 25

Scaphoid
lunate
triquetral
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

Front 26

WRIST JOINT

Back 26

Is formed by Scaphoid, Lunate and Triquetral bones and the concave socket formed by the distal end of the radius and the Triangular articular disc

Front 27

MAIN MOVEMENTS OF THE WRIST JOINT

Back 27

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction (Abduction or Radial deviation, adduction or ulnar deviation)

Front 28

EXTENSION-COMPRESSION FRACTURE OF DISTAL RADIUS

Back 28

(Colles fracture)- distal fragment is dislocated proximally and posteriorly forming dinner-fork deformity. (In a growing child the distal readial epiphysis likely to be dislocated)

Front 29

FLEXION-COMPRESSION FRACTURE OF DISTAL REDIUS

Back 29

(Smith Fracture)- is less common-the distal fragment is displaced volarly (anteriorly)

Front 30

CUTANEOUS NERVES OF THE ARM AND FOREARM ARE

Back 30

Medial Cutaneous Nerves- of the arm and forearm are--branches of the brachial plexus
Lateral Cutaneous Nerve- of the forearm-- is continuation of the Musculocutaneous
Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of the arm and forearm branches are --radial nerve

Front 31

UPPER LATERAL CUTANEOUS OF THE ARM (BRANCH OF AXILLARY)

Back 31

Supplies the skin over the deltoid region

Front 32

CEPHALIC VEIN

Back 32

Is on the lateral aspect of the arm

Front 33

BASILIC VEIN

Back 33

Is on the medial aspect of the arm. There is usually a prominent communication, median cubital vein, from the cephalic to the basilic vein