Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Long bone of upper arm
|
humerus
|
|
|
|
The long head of the biceps is located where in relation to the short
|
laterally
|
|
|
|
The spinal roots enter and exit
|
the spinal cord.
|
|
|
|
Spinal roots aid to
|
subdivide the spinal cord into its various segments.
|
|
|
|
The spinal roots join to form
|
spinal nerves.
|
|
|
|
The sensory fibers of the spinal nerves supply
|
segmental areas of the skin which are called dermatomes.
|
|
|
|
area of skin supplied by a spinal nerve is referred to as a
|
"dermatome".
|
|
|
|
Dermatomes are very important in the
|
diagnosis and location of damage to the spinal cord.
|
|
|
|
Sensory loss in certain dermatomes may indicate
|
pathology to a particular level in the spinal cord.Note: There is slight overlap of dermatomes. Hence
|
|
|
|
Upper limb consists of what two things?
|
limb girdle (pectoral girdle) and free limb
|
|
|
|
Limb girdle in relation to axial skeleton
|
-Scapula (posterior)
-Sternoclavicular joint (sole joint between the upper limb and the axial skeleton) -Associated muscles |
None
|
|
|
What makes up the Limb Girdle
|
Clavicle, Scapula, Sternoclavicular joint, associated muscles
|
None
|
|
|
Free Limb (three segments)
|
-Arm, forearm, hand
|
None
|
|
|
Upper limb structures are supplied by the
|
ventral primary rami of the spinal nerves.
|
|
|
|
Upper limb develops from the
|
upper limb bud.
|
|
|
|
Upper limb is an extension of
|
cervical myotome, which is well indicated by the dermatome interruption in the anterior chest wall.
|
|
|
|
process
|
a bony prominence
|
|
|
|
spine
|
a sharp, slender projection
|
|
|
|
condyle
|
a rounded prominence, usually found at the point of articulation with an adjacent bone.
|
|
|
|
tubercle
|
a small, rounded process
|
|
|
|
tuberosity
|
a large, rounded process
|
|
|
|
trochanter
|
a large process for attachment of muscles,e.g.the trochanter of the femur
|
|
|
|
trochlea
|
a process shaped like a pulley
|
|
|
|
crest
|
a narrow ridge of bone
|
|
|
|
line
|
a less prominent ridge of bone than a crest
|
|
|
|
head
|
a terminal enlargement
|
|
|
|
fossa
|
a depression or cavity in or on a bone
|
|
|
|
fissure
|
a narrow slit, often between two bones
|
|
|
|
foramen
|
an orifice or hole through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments may pass
|
|
|
|
meatus or canal
|
a long, tubelike passage
|
|
|
|
sinus or antrum
|
a cavity within a bone
|
|
|
|
sulcus
|
a furrow or groove
|
|
|
|
Hypaxial
|
ventral side
|
|
|
|
Epaxial
|
dorsal side
|
|
|
|
Coracoid process
|
Crow's beak
|
|
|
|
Acromion
|
Summit of arm
|
|
|
|
Glenoid cavity articulates with
|
head of humerus
|
|
|
|
Surgical neck
|
most vulnerable portion for fracture
|
|
|
|
Greater tubercle is located
|
laterally on the head of humerus
|
|
|
|
lesser tubercle is located
|
medially on the head of the humerous
|
|
|
|
Deltoid tuberosity is located
|
middle of humerus and is where deltoid is attached
|
|
|
|
Radius is on the
|
thumb side
|
|
|
|
Ulna is on the
|
pinki side
|
|
|
|
What muscle connectes to radial tuberosity
|
bicep
|
|
|
|
Styloid process
|
ponted structers located on the ulna and radius close to wrist.
|
|
|
|
Trochlear notch is located on the
|
Ulna
|
|
|
|
What muscle connects to the Ulnar tuberosity
|
brachialis
|
|
|
|
Interosseous membrane is located
|
between the ulna and radius
|
|
|
|
Carpal bones located at
|
base of hand
|
|
|
|
Metacarpal bones connect
|
proximal bones to carpal bones
|
|
|
|
proximal, middle, distal are terms used to describe the
|
phalanges
|
|
|
|
Trapezius muscle
|
cap of catholic priest diamond shape
|
|
|
|
PLT region (found in the intertubercular groove of humerus)
|
pectoral, latimus dorsi, terres major
|
None
|
|
|
shoulder muscle
|
deltoid muscle
|
|
|
|
Pectoralis minor
|
below pectoralis major
|
|
|
|
pectoralis minor origin
|
3, 4, 5, ribs
|
|
|
|
Pectoralis minor insertion
|
coracoid process
|
|
|
|
subclavius muscle
|
below clavical attached along bottom of clavical
|
None
|
|
|
serratus anterior origin
|
wraps around ribs 1-9 to abducts the scapula
|
|
|
|
Trapezius muscle origin
|
spinus processes
|
|
|
|
Trap insertion
|
spine of scapula
|
|
|
|
Latissimus dorsi origin
|
iliac crest, spinous processes of vertebre
|
|
|
|
Latissimus dorsi insertion
|
floor of intertubercular groove of humerus...adducts arm toward body
|
|
|
|
Spinal nervs form a
|
plexus
|
|
|
|
Deltoid origin
|
scapula & clavicle
|
|
|
|
Deltoid insertion
|
deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
|
|
|
|
Deltoid Fibers from the clavicle are responsible for
|
flexion
|
|
|
|
Deltoid fibers from the spine of the scapula are responsible for
|
extension
|
|
|
|
When deltoid abducts what are the antagonists
|
pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi
|
|
|
|
Biceps Brachii origin from the
|
scapula by means of two heads
|
|
|
|
Biceps Brachii insertion
|
on the radius and some toubh connective tissue of the forearm
|
|
|
|
Biceps Brachii action at elbow
|
brings about flexion and supination of the forearm
|
|
|
|
Biceps Brachii action at shoulder
|
brings aboutflexion of the arm.
|
|
|
|
Triceps Brachii origin
|
three heads, which serve as its origin
|
|
|
|
Triceps Brachii inserts
|
into the olecranon process of the ulna
|
|
|
|
Triceps Brachii action
|
to extend the arm
|
|
|
|
Triceps Brachii IOA of long head
|
extends the arm, since it takes origin from the scapula and spans the shoulder joint.
|
|
|
|
Brachialis origin
|
anterior surface of the humerus via a fleshy attachment and two sheets of connective tissue extending from the sides of the bone
|
|
|
|
Brachialis insertion
|
is onto the coronoid process of the ulna
|
|
|
|
Brachialis action
|
this muscle works across the elbow joint and upon contraction, it brings about flexion around the elbow joint
|
|
|
|
Brachialis antagonist
|
the triceps brachii muscle
|
|
|
|
Flexors of the forearm origin
|
medial epicondyle (and vicinity) of the humerus
|
|
|
|
Flexors of the forearm action
|
Some of these muscles bring about flexion of the hand
|
|
|
|
Extensors of the forearm origin
|
lateral epicondyle (and vicinity). therefore laterally and posteriorly located
|
|
|
|
Extensors of teh forearm action
|
bring about extension of the wrist and fingers.
|
|
|
|
Brachioradialis origin
|
ridge above the lateral epicondyle, higher than any other muscles of the extensor group
|
|
|
|
Brachioradialis insertion
|
onto the distal end of the radius
|
|
|
|
Brachioradialis action
|
at the elbow by flexing the forearm
|
|
|
|
thenar eminence
|
fleshy elevation that contain the short elevations of the thumb
|
|
|
|
hypothenar eminence
|
fleshy elevation that contain the short elevations of the little finger
|
|
|
|
interossei
|
other fingers have small muscles. insert onto the base of the proximal phalanx
|
|
|
|
interossei action
|
bring about adduction or abduction of the fingers
|
|
|
|
How many interossei
|
7
|
|
|
|
Interossei orgin
|
shafts of the metacarpi
|
|
|
|
interossei insertion
|
onto the base of the proximal phalanx
|
|
|
|
lumbricals
|
four small muscels, one for each finger except the thumb
|
|
|
|
lumbricals origin
|
tendons of the deep flexors of the fingers
|
|
|
|
lumbricals insertion
|
base of the proximal phalanges
|
|
|
|
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves supply structures
|
in the dorsal aspect of the body
|
|
|
|
Nerve plexus
|
formed by the network of nerves
|
|
|
|
ventral rami of the spinal nerves tend to
|
join each other and then split again thus forming a nerve plexus
|
|
|
|
plexus assocaited with the cervical region called the
|
cervical plexus
|
|
|
|
other plexi include
|
brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, and sacral plexus
|
|
|
|
lumbar plexus, and sacral plexus are usually referred to as a single nerve plexus called the
|
lumbosacral plexus
|
|
|
|
ramus
|
major branch of a nerve
|
|
|
|
brachial plexus supplies the entire nerve supply for the
|
upper limb
|
|
|
|
brachial plexus is formed by the
|
the anterior (ventral) rami of C5 - T1
|
|
|
|
brachial plexus course
|
extends inferiorly and laterally to pass over the 1st rib and posterior to the middle third of the clavicle to enter the axilla.
|
|
|
|
radial nerve innervates
|
innervates all mm. on the posterior surface of the arm and forearm - these are all extensors and the brachioradialis m.
|
None
|
|
|
axillary nerve innervates
|
innervates deltoid and teres minor mm
|
|
|
|
Musculocutaneous nerve innervates
|
biceps, brachialis and coracobrachialis mm.
|
|
|
|
Musculocutaneous nerve becomes the
|
cutaneous n. after innervating those mm
|
|
|
|
Median nerve innervates
|
most mm. in the anterior forearm
|
|
|
|
Median nerve acts on
|
5 mm. in hand controlling motion of the thumb and digits 2 and 3
|
|
|
|
Ulnar nerve innervates
|
1 1/2 muscles (flexors) in forearm
|
|
|
|
Ulnar nerve acts on
|
all mm. in hand except those innervated by the median n.
|
|
|
|
Ulnar n. and median n. collectively innervate
|
all muscles in the anterior forearm and entire hand
|
|
