Gross

Front 1

most body weight lies ______ to the vertebral column

Back 1

anterior

Front 2

include superficial and intermediate muscles that produce and control limb and respiratory movements

Back 2

extrinsic back muscles

Front 3

include muscles that superficially act on the vertebral column, producing its movement and maintaining posture

Back 3

intrinsic back muscles

Front 4

deep back muscles are

Back 4

intrinsic

Front 5

superficial extrinsic back muscles:

Back 5

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboidius minor, rhomboidius major

Front 6

extrinsic connect

Back 6

axial skeleton with the superior appendicular skeleton (pectoral girdle) and humerus

Front 7

extrinsic receive nerve supply from the

Back 7

anterior rami of cervical nerves

Front 8

trapezius receives its motor supply from

Back 8

cranial nerve XI (11)

Front 9

intermediate extrinsic back muscles are

Back 9

respiratory muscles

Front 10

serratus posterior is a

Back 10

intermediate extrinsic back muscle

Front 11

serratus posterior superior lies deep to

Back 11

rhomboids

Front 12

serratus posterior inferior lies deep to

Back 12

latissimus dorsi

Front 13

both serratus muscles are innervated by

Back 13

intercostal nerves

Front 14

innervated by the posterior rami of spinal nerves and act to maintain posture and control movement of the vertebral column

Back 14

intrinsic back muscle

Front 15

intrinsic extend from the

Back 15

pelvis to cranium

Front 16

intrinsic are covered in

Back 16

deep fascia

Front 17

the fascia of intrinsic muscles medially attaches to the

Back 17

nuchal ligament, tips of spinous processes, the supraspinous ligament and median crest of sacrum

Front 18

the fascia of intrinsic laterally attaches to

Back 18

cervical and lumbar transverse processes and the angles of the ribs

Front 19

the thoracic and lumbar parts of the deep fascia of intrinsic muscles constitute the

Back 19

thoracolumbar fascia

Front 20

intrinsic back muscles are grouped into

Back 20

superficial, intermediate, and deep layers according to their relationship to the surface

Front 21

4 origins of trapezius

Back 21

1. medial third of superior nuchal line
2. EOP
3. nuchal ligament
4. spinous process of C7-T12

Front 22

2 insertions of trapezius

Back 22

1. lateral third of clavicle
2. acromion and spine of scapula

Front 23

2 nerve supply of trapezius

Back 23

1. spinal root of accessory nerve 11
2. ventral rami of C3 and C4 spinal nerves

Front 24

3 actions of trapezius

Back 24

1. descending/superior fibers elevates the scapula
2. middle fibers retracts and rotates the scapula
3. ascending / inferior fibers depress the scapula

Front 25

the primary clinical manifestation of spinal accessory nerve palsy is a marked

Back 25

ipsilateral weakness when the shoulders are elevated (shrugged) against resistance

Front 26

because of its nearly subcutaneous passage through the posterior cervical region, the spinal accessory nerve is

Back 26

susceptible to injury during surgery

Front 27

4 origins of latissimus dorsi

Back 27

1. spinous processes of lower 6 thoraces vertebrae
2. thoracolumbar fascia
3. iliac crest
4. lower 3 or 4 ribs

Front 28

insertion of latissimus dorsi

Back 28

floor of the inter tubercular sulcus (bicepetal groove) of the humerus

Front 29

nerve supply of latissimus dorsi

Back 29

thoracodorsal nerve - C6, C7, C8 (branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus)

Front 30

2 actions of latissimus dorsi

Back 30

1. extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus
2. raises the body toward the arms during climbing

Front 31

inferior border of triangle of auscultation

Back 31

upper border of latissimus dorsi

Front 32

thoracodorsal nerve is at risk of injury during surgery

Back 32

- in the inferior part of axilla
- during mastectomies when the axillary tail of the breast is removed
- on scapular lymph nodes

Front 33

medial border of triangle of auscultation

Back 33

lateral border of trapezius

Front 34

lateral border of triangle of auscultation

Back 34

medial border of scapula

Front 35

floor of triangle of auscultation is formed by

Back 35

rhomboid major

Front 36

origin of levator scapulae

Back 36

from posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

Front 37

insertion of levator scapulae

Back 37

into medial border of scapula superior to the root of scapular spine

Front 38

2 nerve supplies of levator scapulae

Back 38

1. dorsal scapula nerve (C5 root)
2. cervical (C3, C4) nerves

Front 39

2 actions of levator scapulae

Back 39

1. elevates the scapula
2. tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating the scapula

Front 40

2 origins of rhomboid major

Back 40

1. nuchal ligament
2. spinous process of C7-T1

Front 41

insertion of rhomboid minor

Back 41

into the smooth triangular area at the medial end of scapular spine (dorsal surface)

Front 42

nerve supply of rhomboid minor

Back 42

dorsal scapular nerve (C5 root)

Front 43

3 actions of rhomboid minor and rhomboid major

Back 43

1. retracts scapula
2. rotates it to depress glenoid cavity
3. fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall

Front 44

origin of rhomboid major

Back 44

spinous process of T2-T5

Front 45

insertion of rhomboid major

Back 45

medial border of scapula from the level of spine to inferior angle (dorsal surface)

Front 46

nerve supply of rhomboid major

Back 46

dorsal scapular nerve (C5 root)

Front 47

if the rhomboids of one side are paralyzed, the scapula on the affected side is located

Back 47

farther from the midline than that on the other side

Front 48

2 origin of serratus posterior superior

Back 48

1. ligamentum nuchae
2. spinous process of C7-T3

Front 49

insertion of serratus posterior superior

Back 49

superior borders of 2nd - 4th ribs

Front 50

nerve supply of serratus posterior superior

Back 50

by 2nd and 5th intercostal nerves

Front 51

action of serratus posterior superior

Back 51

elevate ribs

Front 52

origin of serratus posterior inferior

Back 52

from the spinous process T11 to L2

Front 53

insertion of serratus posterior inferior

Back 53

into inferior borders of 8th to 12th ribs near the angle

Front 54

nerve supply of serratus posterior inferior

Back 54

ventral rami of 9th to 12th thoracic spinal nerves

Front 55

action of serratus posterior inferior

Back 55

depress the ribs

Front 56

superficial layer of intrinsic muscles

Back 56

splenius, splenius capitis, splenius cervices

Front 57

2 origin of splenius

Back 57

1. nuchal lig
2. spinous process of C7-T3

Front 58

splenius capitis fibers run

Back 58

superolaterally

Front 59

2 insertion of splenius capitis

Back 59

1. to the mastoid
2. lateral third of the superior nuchal line of occipital lobe

Front 60

insertion of splenius cervicis

Back 60

into the tubercle of transverse processes opt C1-C3

Front 61

nerve supply of splenius cervicis

Back 61

by the posterior/ dorsal rami on spinal nerves

Front 62

2 actions of spenius

Back 62

1. acting alone, laterally flex and rotate the head side to side of active muscle
2. acitng otgether, the extend head and neck

Front 63

intermediate layer of muscles of intrinsics

Back 63

erector spinae, iliocostalis (lumborum, thoracis, and cervicis), longissimus (thoracis, cervicis, and capitis), spinalis (thoracis, cervicis, and capitis),

Front 64

4 origin of erector spinae

Back 64

1. from the posterior part of the iliac crest
2. posterior surface of sacrum
3. lower lumbar and sacral spin our processes
4. supraspinous ligaments

Front 65

2 insertion of ilicostalis - lumborum, thoraces, cervicis

Back 65

1. to the angles of the lower ribs
2. cervical transverse processes

Front 66

3 insertion of longissimus - thoraces, cervicis, and capitis

Back 66

1. to the ribs between the tubercles and angles
2. to the transverse processes of thoracic and cervical regions
3. mastoid process

Front 67

2 insertion of spinalis

Back 67

1. to the spinous processes in the upper thoraces region to cranium
2. to the cranium

Front 68

nerve supply of spinalis

Back 68

posterior / dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Front 69

acting bilaterally, they extend the vertebral column and head; acting unilaterally, laterally flex vertebral column

Back 69

actions of spinalis

Front 70

deep layer muscles of intrinsics

Back 70

transversospinalis, semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores,

Front 71

origin of semispinalis

Back 71

from the transverse processes of C4-T12

Front 72

2 insertions of semispinalis

Back 72

1. to occipital bone
2. spinous processes of thoraces and cervical regions

Front 73

nerve supply of semispinalis

Back 73

posterior / dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Front 74

extend the head , thoraces, and cervical regions of the vertebral column, rotate them contralaterally

Back 74

action of semispinalis

Front 75

7 origins of multifidus

Back 75

1. posterior sacrum
2. posterior superior iliac spine of ilium
3. aponeurosis of erector spine
4. sacroiliac ligaments
5. mamillary processes of lumbar vertebrae
6. transverse processes of T1-T3
7. articular processes of C4-C7

Front 76

insertion of multifidus

Back 76

into the spinous processes of vertebrae , 2-4 segments

Front 77

stabilizes the vertebrae during local movements of the vertebral column

Back 77

multifdus

Front 78

origin of rotatores

Back 78

from the transverse processes of vertebrae

Front 79

insertion of rotatores

Back 79

into the junction of lamina and transverse process or spinous process of vertebra above their origin, 1 to 2 segments

Front 80

nerve supply of rotatores

Back 80

posterior / dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Front 81

stabilizes the vertebrae and assists with the local extension and rotatory movements of vertebral column; may function as organs of proprioception

Back 81

action of rotatores

Front 82

minor deep layer of intrinsic

Back 82

interspinalis. intertransversarii, levatores costorum

Front 83

origin of interspinalis

Back 83

from superior surfaces processes of cervical and lumbar vertebrae

Front 84

insertion of interspinalis

Back 84

inferior surface of the spinous processes of the vertebrae above the origin

Front 85

nerve supply of interspainlis

Back 85

posterior / dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Front 86

action of interspinalis

Back 86

extension and rotation of the vertebral column

Front 87

origin of intertransversarii

Back 87

from transverse processes of cervical and lumbar vertebrae

Front 88

insertion of intertransversarii

Back 88

into the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae

Front 89

nerve supply of intertransversarii

Back 89

posterior / dorsal and anterior / ventral rami of spinal nerves

Front 90

origin of lavatories costorum

Back 90

from the tip of the transverse processes of C7 and T1-T11

Front 91

insertion of lavatories costorum

Back 91

on the rib between the tubercle and angle