Greek + Roman Mythology Final

Front 1

anima/animus

Back 1

soul guides; helpers are always pacified enemies

Front 2

pegasus

Back 2

a horse; birthed by the gorgon at the time of her decapitation.

only belleraphon, perseus, and chrysaor ride him.

Front 3

chrysaor

Back 3

a giant; born from decapitation of medusa, like pegasus.

decadent version of perseus.

Front 4

andromeda

Back 4

"man queen"; chained to a rock by her father, cepheus.

perseus rescues and marries her.

Front 5

cepheus

Back 5

father of andromeda

Front 6

proitos

Back 6

son of akrisios, king of argos.

tried to get lykia to kill bellerophontes when he supposedly tried to rape proitos's wife, anteia, but lykia wouldn't do it.

Front 7

anteia

Back 7

wife of proitos.
fell in love with bellerophontes. when he refused her advances, she told proitos he had tried to force himself.

Front 8

bellerophon

Back 8

corinthian name for perseus story.

fought the chimaera (she-goat) and defeated it.

see: anteia, proitos

Front 9

strongcow

Back 9

a.k.a. anteia, wife of proitos... rejected by bellerophone

Front 10

chimaera

Back 10

part lion, part goat, part serpent.

bellerophon fights her.

Front 11

herakles

Back 11

always has a lion skin and a club. formerly a consort of the goddess. has a magical bow and intoxicating arrows.

name means "hera's man"

father = zeus, amphitryon
mother = alkmede
brother = iphicles

hera sent serpents into their cradle, herakles kills them (killing his former self)... hera makes him lose his mind. he kills his wife and children, prays to apollo for guidance... serves eurystheus, king of tirns and mycenae, for 12 years.

has no anima.

Front 12

eurystheus

Back 12

king of tiryns and mycenae.
herakles serves him.

Front 13

alkmede

Back 13

mother of herakles.

Front 14

canonic cycle of 12 labors: herakles

Back 14

1. nemean lion
2. hydra of lerna
3. birds of lake stymphalos
4. bull of crete
5. cernaean hind
6. amazons
7. erymanthian boar
8. king diomedes, man-eating mares
9. geryoneus, cattlelord
10. golden apple in garden of hesperides
11. cerberus
12. cleansed stables at augeus

Front 15

nemean lion (herakles's 1st labor)

Back 15

found in a cave.

herakles vs. antithetical self.

lion = toxic plant = addiction

as the lion retreats into the cave, you follow in darkness

herakles beat the lion before succumbing to the darkness/sleepiness

wears the lion skin as a trophy

Front 16

hydra of lerna (herakles's 2nd labor)

Back 16

in a spring, sanctuary sacred to hera

looks like a tree - heads multiply when cut off.

with the help of iolaus, herakles cuts off heads and singes off ends with a torch. after defeating it, they covered the body with a rock.

Front 17

birds of lake stymphalos (herakles's 3rd labor)

Back 17

this lake = entrance to underworld

herakles rids lake of flock of birds with his poisoned arrows

Front 18

bull of crete (herakles's 4th labor)

Back 18

minotaur of minos, herakles easily outwrestled

Front 19

cernaean hind (herakles's 5th labor)

Back 19

pet of artemis. herakles chased it and plucked its golden antlers. when he crossed to the other world, they turned into the olive tree.

Front 20

amazons (herakles's 6th labor)

Back 20

herakles killed the queen amazon, hippolyte, and retreived her belt for eurystheus. then he fought a battle with his friends against the amazons.

Front 21

erymanthian boar (herakles's 7th labor)

Back 21

herakles stayed with pholos while looking for the boar. after drinking centaur wine, herakles fights the centaurs.

pholos - accidentally killed
chiron - intoxicated

herakles brings the terrorizing boar to eurystheus

Front 22

king diomedes, man-eating mares (herakles's 8th labor)

Back 22

herakles fed diomedes to his own man-eating mares

Front 23

geryoneus, cattlelord (herakles's 9th labor)

Back 23

herakles had to travel to the end of the world to find geryoneus. he created 2 mountains on the way, with the strait of gibraltar between them. herakles struggled to bring the cattle back to eurystheus.

Front 24

golden apple in garden of hesperides (herakles's 10th labor)

Back 24

herakles had to hold up the world while atlas got the apples for him

Front 25

cerberus (herakles's 11th labor)

Back 25

herakles goes to the underworld to get cerberus, the 3-headed dog... the toxin wolfsbane turns dog into a wolf. herakles goes to underworld, wrestles cerberus into submission. took cerberus back to eurystheus, put it in a wine vat with the erymanthian boar

Front 26

cerberus

Back 26

3-headed dog, appears in herakles's 11th labor... wrestles with herakles

Front 27

antyas

Back 27

"comes against you"
found in a doorway, africa
the opposite of herakles
mother = earth

herakles wrestles him, but instead of throwing him to the ground he must keep him off the ground because the earth gives him more strength

Front 28

wrestling

Back 28

a symbolic form of combat - enemies who belong together

you wrestle your antithetical self

Front 29

triton

Back 29

companion of the goddess
merman in lake in africa from which athena rose in the old world

Front 30

amphitryon

Back 30

alternative father of herakles. accidentally kills his wife's uncle and they must flee from thebes. when they flee, zeus disguises self as amphitryon and sleeps with alkmede.

Front 31

iphicles

Back 31

brother of herakles
son of alkmede

Front 32

iolaus

Back 32

son of iphicles, nephew of herakles. assists herakles in his 12 labors.

Front 33

eurystheus

Back 33

king of tiryns and mycenae. herakles must perform the 12 labors for him after killing his wife and children.

hera wants him to be an olympian, but herakles usurps him by performing the labors

Front 34

pholos

Back 34

centaur, friend of herakles.

centaurs got drunk, started fight with herakles, he accidentally shot pholos and chiron

Front 35

chiron

Back 35

the only good centaur, friend of herakles.

he can't die - poisoned arrows intoxicate him.

is given mortality by prometheus.

Front 36

ixion

Back 36

king of thessaly.

raped cloud nymph, nephele, thinking it was hera... this produced the race of centaurs

Front 37

strait of gibraltar

Back 37

created by herakles when he had to travel to the end of the world to steal the cattle of geryoneus.

herakles created the strait of gibraltar to run between the two mountains he created.

Front 38

busiris

Back 38

mythical king of egypt

sacrificed all strangers who set foot on his shores

herakles was seized by him and would've been sacrificed were it not for his immense strength, with which he broke his chains and slew busiris

Front 39

pelops

Back 39

son of tantalus
killed, served as food to the gods

killed myrtalus, oenomaus's charioteer

Front 40

oinomaois (oenomaus)

Back 40

hippodameia's father. would kill her suitors.

pelops wins her by racing oneomaus and fixing his chariot.

he was dragged to death.

Front 41

myrtalus

Back 41

oenamaus's charioteer
curses pelops's house in his dying breath

Front 42

tantalus

Back 42

kills his son, pelops, serves him as food to the olympians.

he is put in the underworld.
water would recede when he tried to drink from the river, fruit blows away when he tries to reach it.

Front 43

olympia

Back 43

temple of zeus and hera
adjacent to the grove that herakles planted
round building, shaped like beehive

Front 44

nero

Back 44

roman emperor in the 1st century c.e.

thought he was a god

Front 45

athletic contests - general

Back 45

ritualized war.

orig. for aristocratic families who could afford to feed athletes and have sons not work.

winning became important, cities began to pay for athletes.

music accompanied games.

Front 46

hippodrum

Back 46

athletic contest

races, weighed down with armor

Front 47

raising weights

Back 47

athletic contest

showing superiority of earth and power of gravity

significance: zeus tortured hera by hanigng her from heaven and putting weights on her ankles - power of earth (gravity) turned against her

Front 48

jumping

Back 48

athletic contest

free from pull of earth
by manipulating weights, you can gain momentum

Front 49

boxers

Back 49

athletic contest

boxing gloves were weighted, use nature as weapon

Front 50

athena nika

Back 50

victory in athletic contest

she crowns you after victory

pacified version of gorgon medusa

Front 51

apollo v. herakles

Back 51

herakles winning back his olympian heritage. they are enemies.

Front 52

delphi

Back 52

apollo reorients shamanic pathway through mt.parnassus

Front 53

asklepios, ion

Back 53

apollo often asks people to lose on his behalf

Front 54

kuknos

Back 54

former identity of apollo

herakles fights him, who is stronger with contact of the earth