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154 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Achilles
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Son of Peleus and Thetis. He is one of the strongest warriors on the Greek side. The Iliad is written about his wrath, where he stops battling to spite Agamemnon for humiliating him. At the end of the Iliad, he avenges his best friend’s death by killing his murderer, Hector
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Agamemnon
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King of Mycenae and brother of Menelaus. One of the main leaders on the greek side. His arrogance, honor and power really get to his head and he humiliates Achilles by stealing his girlfriend. This causes Achilles to stop battling with them, and takes a toll on the greek army
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Helen
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Menelaus’ wife. She is described as the most beautiful woman on earth. Paris, prince of troy, kidnaps her and because of a pact her suitors had made with each other, it sparked the Trojan war.
(Odyssey) Wife of Menelaus and Queen of Sparta. While Telemachus is visiting sparta, she drugs the men so they can forget about their sorrows. Nestor points out that she almost ruined the whole plot during the trojan war. |
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Menelaus
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(Iliad) Helen’s husband and brother of Agamemnon. He and the other suitors of Helen made a pact that whoever won her over, would be protected by the rest of them. Helen is kidnapped by Paris, so Menelaus gathers up the suitors and starts the Trojan War.
(Odyssey) King of Sparta. Telemachus visits him to ask for the whereabouts of his father. Menelaus tells him that Calypso is holding him captive (Agamemnon) Agamemnon’s brother and husband to Helen. King of Argos (according to Aeschylus) His wife id kidnapped by PAris and he and Agamemnon try to take her back (with the help of the greek army of course) |
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Hector
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Son of Priam and Hekabe. A trojan warrior who kills Achilles best friend, Patroklos. Achilles gets revenge on Hector and kills him, then defiles his body by draggind him behind his charriot, but he is eventualy given back to the Trojans for a proper burial. The Iliad ends with his burial.
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Priam
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The father of Hector. Alnoe, he goes to retrieve his son form the Greeks with devine protection form the gods. Although Achilles tells him to stay, he manages to sneak out at night with his sons body in fear that Achilles might kill him, despite the gods protection.
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Nestor
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- (Iliad) He is a bright old warrior on the Greek side. He never passes up the opportunity to tell a long story about how great he was as a young warrior. However, he does manage to keep the morale of the Army up and talks them into staying when Agamemnon is about to retreat.
- (Odyssey) King of Pylos and Odysseus’ comrade in the Trojan war. Telemachus visits him to hear news on Odysseus’ whereabouts, but he hasn't heard much. However, he offers Telemachus assistance to get to Sparta to ask Menelaus if he’s heard anything |
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Patroclus
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One of Greece’s greatest warriors and Achilles’ best friend. He is killed by Hector and Achilles is distraught. This causes Achilles to go into troy and seek vengeance on Hector
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Thetis
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A Sea Nymph. She is mother to Achilles. Zeus owes her a favor, so she helps her son seek revenge on the greeks since Agamemnon embarrassed him.
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Hephaestos
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The blacksmith God. Son of Zeus and Hera. The gods make fun of him because of his limp. He is the one who talks his mother into making peace with Zeus and allow him to help Thetis out with her request to allow the Trojans to drive the Greeks back to show how much they need Achilles
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Diomedes
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A Grecian soldier who, when the Army was about to pack up and go home, gave a speech and said he would stay, even if it mean he was th only one who would fight. Nestor and Agamemnon both agree and stay.
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Ajax
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One of the three soldiers Nestor sends to Achilles to try and persuade him to come back and fight.
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Odysseus
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One of the three soldiers Nestor sends to Achilles to try and persuade him to come back and fight. He is the first one to speak to Achilles and repeats what Agamemnon says, word for word
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Phoenix
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One of the three soldiers Nestor sends to Achilles to try and persuade him to come back and fight. He ran away from home and was raised by Peleus (Achilles’ father) and then became Achilles’ mentor.
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Homeric Gods in the Iliad
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- They are all immortal and give back to the mortals if they give offerings to them
- Both Hera and Athene hate Troy, because Paris, the prince declared Aphrodite more beautiful then them. - Aphrodite, obviously sides with Troy since Paris considers her most beautiful - Poseidon hates Troy because a past king enslaved him - Apollo, although he was once enslaved like Poseidon, sides with the Trojans - Zeus and his son Hephaistos are more neutral and lean to both sides depending on the situation like when Thetis asks for a favor - Although the gods aren't bound by fate (Zeus almost saves his son) they usually follow it to keep things in order |
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The Odyssey Vs. Iliad
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It’s almost like the sequal of the Illiad (more like a compliment than anything), with many of the same characters, but with completely different themes. The Iliad is about achieving fame and glory through war-like deeds, while the Iliad is about the desire to go home, to see familiar faces, about marriage.
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Kleos
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Achieving fame and glory through war-like deeds. The Iliad is based around this theme
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Nostos
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Nostalgia. The Odyssey revolves around this theme and Odysseus’ yearning to get back to his kingdom, child, and wife.
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Orestes
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(Iliad) Although not a character in the Epic, he is revered as a great son to Agamemnon for seeking vengeance on his mother, Clytemnestra and her lover, Aegisthos, for murdering his father
(Libation Bearers) Agamamnon and Clytemnestra’s son. He and his sister plot to exact revenge on their mother. He kills the two in the end of the story. |
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Calypso
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A sea nymph who SAves Odysseus and holds him captive for several years. When Hermes tells her that Zeus wants him freed and she rants on how its always a problem when Immortal women lay with mortal men, but its okay if immortal men do the same
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Telemachus
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Odysseus’ and Penelope’s son. after becoming a man, he sets out to find his father. after getting no where, he heads back t Ithica where he finds his father and helps him exact revenge on the suitors.
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Penelope
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Odysseus’s wife. She is representative of most women of Greece. She stays loyal to her husband while he is at war, and when he is suspected dead, she continues to do so. She readily takes orders from any of the males (especially her son) and stays in her room most of the time, like most other women of her time)
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Antinoös
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The main suitor for Penelope. He talks the other suitors into intercepting Telemachus on his voyage and kill him. He points out that It is Penelope doing this to her house, not the suitors. He is the first killed
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Eurymachos
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one of the head suitors. When Odysseus returns disguised as a beggar, he torments him non stop. When Odysseus finally reveals himself he becomes a coward and begs for his life
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Eurkleia
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Telemachus’ nurse who used to be the servant of Laertes, Odysseus’ father. While giving disguised Odysseus a foot bath, she recognizes that it is him by a scar on his leg
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Nausicca
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The beautiful princess of Phaecia. Athena comes to her in a dream and tells her that she needs to get ready to marry soon. The next day she finds Odysseus on the beach and is stricken by his good looks and manner. She is comparable to Medea, and Dido, in the sense that she falls in love with the protagonist for his benifit
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Arete
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Queen of Phaecia. She is the one on charge, so Odysseus approaches her for help. She recognizes that Nausicca gave Odysseus clothing of hers which sparks Odysseus’s telling of his voyage.
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Alcinoös
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King of Phaecia. He is so stricken with Odysseus that he offers his daughter’s hand in marriage. Odysseus politely denies, and instead Alcinoös gives him a ship with men. He is the one Odysseus tells his story to
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Polyphemus
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A cyclops. Son of Poseidon. Odysseus tries to stay as a guest with him, but he had none of it and trapped him in his cave along with the rest of his men. The Cyclops eats many of his men until one day Odysseus gets him drunk and blinds him. This Infuriates Poseidon who vows to not let Odysseus get home
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Aiolos
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God of wind and ruler of Aiolia. he gives Odysseus a bag of N,S & E wind so all that was left is West wind to get them home. Odysseus’ men open the bag while hes sleeping, which blows them all the way back to Aiolia
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Circe
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The witch goddess that lives on Aiaia. She turns Odysseus’ men into pigs, but Odysseus (with the help of Hermes) gets her to change them back. after, he stays with her for a year until the men talk him into leaving. She gives him instructions how to get home, revealing that he has to go to hades
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Elpenor
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One of Odysseus’s men who falls of Circe’s roof. He asks Odysseus in the underworld to go back and burry his body
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Tiresias
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(Odyssey) The dead blind prophet in the underworld that tells Odysseus that he will make it home alone, but to get ready for the suitors. He gives him instructions how to do this
(Antigone) He tries to warn Creon to not go through with his threats or bad things will happen. Creon doesnt listen until its too late. Tiresias represents the laws of the god while creon represents the laws of men (Oedipus) A prophet who tells Odysseus about his fate. He is very ironic in the sense that he believes there is not point in prophecy bc what ever hapens is going to happen any ways. no one believes him and he sparks anger in Odysseus (Bacchae) Blind prophet. he warns Pentheus that he should be careful cursing Dionysus bc he is about to be a great god in Greece. |
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Anticleia
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Odysseus’ dead mother who tells him about what is happening back in Ithica
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Eumaios
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Once was royalty, but kidnapped and sold to Laerte’s by pirates. raised as one of his children, he is now a herder who works for Odysseus. he is the first one to welcome Odysseus and helps Odysseus and Telemachus kill the suitors
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Chorus (Agamemnon)
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A a group of men that comment on the play. They give an Ode to Zeus and say how worshiping him gives wisdom. They also bring forth the idea of Pathae Mathos
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Calchus
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A prophet of the greek Army. He interprets many signs (such as the hair and eagles) and tells Agamemnon that he must sacrifice his daughter
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Iphigenia
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Daughter of Clytmnestra and Agamemnon. Her father sacrifices her to Artemis in order to get to Troy. Agamemnon gags her so she wont be able to give her last words before she is killed. Sparks Clytmnestra's anger
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Cassandra
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A slave/concubine that Agamemnon brought back with him. She prophesies that Agamemnon will be killed by his wife and she will perish with him. She also reveals why Atreus’ family is cursed
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Atreus
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Menelaus and Agamemnon’s father. According to Cassandra, he raped Thyestes (his brother’s) wife and butchered Thysetes’ children and served them to him)
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Aegisthus
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Lover to Clytmnestra. He helps her kill Agamemnon. He justifies the murders by saying that he avenged his father (Thyestes)
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Pathei Mathos
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Learning through suffering
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Gods in the Oresteia
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-Zeus is praised by the Chorus
-Artemis keeps the greeks from getting to Troy -> demands a human sacrifice - Orestes prays for Apollo and Hermes to help them |
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Plyades
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Orestes friend. He does not say much in the play, but he does remind Orestes that he should make human enemies before making enemies of the gods (referring to killing his mother)
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Electra
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Agamemnon’s daughter. Her mother sends her to give Libations to Agamemnon after having a bad dream. She prays that The good will be blessed and that the bad will be punished
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Chorus (The Libation Bearers)
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A Chorus of women. They go with Electra to give libations to her father. they suggest that She pray for her, her brother, and father, and curse her mother. They also egg Orestes on to exact revenge on his mother
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Apollo (The Furies)
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He detests the Furies and puts them to sleep so they wont go after Orestes. He argues that The murder was justified because he was avenging his father, the only true parent (the male)
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The Furies
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A group of ______ that punish wrongdoers. They are angry at Apollo for helping Orestes and keeping them from punishing them. They believe that becasue he killied his own blood he must be punished They represent the old order of things
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Athena (The Furies)
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Serves as the judge in the case of The Furies and Orestes. She assigns a group of men to help her decide bc the decision is too hard. She helps set up the justice system of greee
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Deianeira
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Hercules’ wife. She is a jealous women that is representative of her gender. She doesn’t trust her husband and sends her son to check on him. She makes a love potion (that will make him faithful) and puts it on a robe that she gifts to Hercules. The potion turns out to be acidic and kills him. with the guilt on her hands, she kills herself.
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Hercules
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(Trachiniae) He brings home Iole. As he dies, he orders his son to marry her.
(The Frogs) Once went to Hades to capture a three headed dog. |
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Hyllus
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Hercules’ and Deianeira’s son
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Iole
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Eurytus’ daughter. Hercules enslaves her and brings her home. She becomes Hyllus’ wife after his father dies
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Antigone
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(Antigone) Protagonist of Antigone. She is Oedipus’s daughter. Despite Creon’s rule to not burry her brother, she does so anyways. She is the epitome of loyalty to God’s and family ties.
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Ismene
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Antigone’s sister and Oedipus’ daughter. She doesn't disobey the law as Antigone, but she does stand with her for the blame. Her loyalty is very similar to Antigone’s but she doesn't have as much guts.
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Polyneisec/ Eteocles
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Antigone’s brothers who kill eachother before the play, Antigone, begins
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Creon
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(Antigone) Oedipus’ brother that becomes King of Thebes after Oedipus’ sons kill each other. He orders for Polyneisec’s body to not be buried or mourned bc he was an exile. He is not necessarily a villain, but antagonist. His intentions were good, but it caused great destruction
(Oedipus) |
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Haemon
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Creon’s son and Antigone’s fiance. He pretends to side with his father in the verdict, but when he finds out that Antigone has killed herself, the truth comes out and he does so a well.
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The Chorus (Antigone)
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a group of old Theban men. They often control the action of the play through their persuasion. They represent the old patriarchal society.
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Oedipus
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King of Thebes. It was prophesied that he would kill his father and marry his mother, and it turns out that he did. He is victim to Hamartia.
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Hamartia
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often mistranslated as character flaw, but more accurate translation is error in judgment, or a mistake. This broad definition makes it more understandable why Oedipus falls victim to this
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Jocasta
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Queen of Thebes. Oedipus’s wife and mother. like Oedipus, she is also victim to Hamartia. Her ignorance makes her skeptical of prophecy.
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Chorus (Oedipus)
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A group of Thebans. They usuallt just lament about things, but never act. In Oedipus, they actually persuade Oedipus to not kill Creon. They stay on his side to the end.
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Medea
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(Medea) Jason’s wife. she is a barbarian who leaves her family to be with him. After finding out that he’s leaving her, she kills everyone he loves to get back. She redefines femininity through her “masculine traits”
(Argonautica) Daughter of king Aietes. Hera likes Jason, so she gets Aphrodite to get Eros to make her fall in love with him. She helps jason win the contest with her potions |
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Jason
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(Medea) Medea’s husband. He represents the patriarchal ideals of greece. He is a very self interested social climber who mistreats his wife. This is why everyone iaround him is murdered to get back at him
(Argonautica)Captain of the Argo. Aiates offers him a deal that if he proves his strength and courage, he will be given the golden fleece. He hears that Medea has fallen in love with him and that her skills can be a good asset. She helps him win. |
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Aegestus (Medea)
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King of Athens. He promises Medea Asylum, because she is getting kicked out.
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Creon (Medea)
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King of Corinth. He is smart, yet naive. He knows he should kick Medea out, but pities her and allow her one more day which ultimately results in he and his daughter’s death. This is his flaw. Its almost as if he is a victim of Hamartia.
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Chorus (Medea)
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A group of Corinthian women. They don’t really do anything to effect the action of the play, despite their efforts to convince Medea to not kill her children. It’s almost as if they are living through Medea to revolt against men.
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Theseus
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King of Troezen. Father of Hippolytus and husband of Phaedra. He curses his son after believing his wife’s suicide letter. He is not really to blame for his sons death, since it was really Aphrodite’s plan all along
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Phaedra
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Theseus’ wife and Hippolytus’ step mother. She is an innocent victim of Aphrodite’s curse. She falls in love with Hippolytus. When word gets out, she kills herself and makes up a story that Hippolytus raped her, in order to protect her honor
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Hippolytus
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Bastard son of Theseus. He vows chastity and worships Artemis. He is very honorable, in the sense that he keeps his word to his lying step mother. Becasue of his death, Artemis vows revenge of Aphrodite
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Gods in Hippolytus
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- Aphrodite
She deplores Hippolytus, because he has sworn chastity and worships Artemis instead. She curses him and swears revenge - Artemis She loves Hypollytus, but she couldn't get in the way of Aphrodite. One the deed was done, she vows to get revenge on her. She physically comes down and talks to Theseus about the entire thing - Poseidon Owes wishes to Theseus. when he asks for one of the wishes to kill his son, he complies |
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Dionysus
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(Bacchae) AKA Bachus. God of wine. Zeus and Semele’s son. Thebe’s isn’t worshiping him, so he goes to seek revenge by killing the king by turning his people against him.
(The Frogs)God of stage drama and wine. He says there is no other Tragedian like Euripides, so hes going to go to hades and bring him back. He picks Aeschylus to go back to earth instead bc Euripides is too liberal and doesnt uphold to old traditions. |
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Pentheus
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(Bacchae) King of Thebes. he doesn’t pay tribute to Dionysus and wants to stop all rituals when he returns home. His disrespect to Dionysus gets him killed by his mother (who was under a spell)
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Cadmus
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(Bacchilades) Semele’s father and Dionysus’ mortal grandfather. Agave’s husband and Pentheus’ father. He tries to worship Dionysus, but his son doesn't let him. After his wife kills his son, Dionysus curses them, saying that they will be turned into snakes
(Metamorphoses) Son of Agenor. Cadmus’s sister is kidnapped by Zeus and his father sends him to find her and tells him that he cant return unless he finds her. Cadmus can’t find her so Apollo’s oracle tells him to start a new settlement. All of his men are killed by a giant snake so he kills the snake in revenge and plans it’s teeth in the ground from which new warriors emerge. Many years later, He thinks back and feels guilty for killing it and wishes he were a snake. He turns into a snake. his wife follows suit. |
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Agave
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Pentheus’ mother and Cadmus’s wife. Dionysus puts her under a spell and she becomes a maenad. at the end of the story, she and the Maenads murder her son, thinking its a mountain lion.
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Chorus (Bacchae)
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They try to Warn Pentheus of his disrespect saying that he will eventually be punished for it in the end. They are obviously worshipers of Dionysus, as they side with him the whole time
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Maenads
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A group of women who worship Dionysus. They are savage and destroy many things and they also have snakes in their hair. Agave, Pentheus’ mother is one. Ironically, Pentheus deplores Dionysus, believing that he is not a son of Zeus. in the end, They kill him.
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Pisthetaerus
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an older man who wants to escape Athens’ city life and all of its lwas, false oracles, and military antics, so he sets out to find the Hoopoe. He eventually becomes king of the bird kingdom
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Euelpides
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like Pisthetaerus, he is an older man who wants to escape Athens’ city life and all of its lwas, false oracles, and military antics, so he sets out to find the Hoopoe
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Teres
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Once the King of Thrace and married to Athenian princess, Procne. He raped her sister, Philomena, and cut out her tongue so she wouldn't tell anyone. Philomena still managed to tell Procne and Procne kills Teres’ son in revenge. Teres kills them both, but then the gods turn them into birds; Procne a nightingale, Philomena a swallow, and Teres a Hoopoe. He helps Makedo and Goodhope set up a bird kingdom
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The Chorus (The Birds)
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Unusually, it is a chorus of birds. They bring a humorous sense to the play.
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Xantheus
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Dionysus’ slave. He is ver peculiar, because slaves never played an important part
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Charon
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He is the boatman who transports Dionyus across the lake. He doesnt allows Xantheus on board and tells him to walk around the lake. He also make Dionysus row the boat.
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Aeascus
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Doorkeeper to Hades. He gets angry when Dionysus disguises himself as Heracles and Threatens to have his animals/monsters attack him. once he finds out their real identities, he befriends Xantheus, since they are both servents
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Aeschylus
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A dead playwright. he has a seat next to Hades in the underworld that Euripides wants. he says his characters are heroic and set an example for people. Dionysus decides that he is the best playwright and brings him back to earth instead of Aeschylus. He says sophocles should take his place, not Euripides.
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Euripides
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A dead playwright. He is new to the underworld and challenges Aeschylus to a competition. He says that his own characters are realistic and true to life. He losses.
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Who is mentioned in the Sappo Poems?
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- Aphrodite
- Helen - a woman is in love and compares it to death - Artemis |
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Tantelus (Olympian 1)
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The story was all wrong. He didn't chop up his son, he gave ambrosia to his friends which angered the gods
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Aiates
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Medea’s father. He is a barbarian. He is crazy and scared that his throne is going to be taken. He is dishonorable bc he offers Jason the golden fleece if he can pass a test of strength and courage, but he really wouldn't give it to him. Once jason completes the task he is angered and goes to plot to destroy the argonauts
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Telchines (Aetia)
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The poet speaks against them bc they do not like their poetry because it is too short. The poet believes that they are ignorant and that short poetry is much more powerful. “feed the victim fat... muses slim”
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Lamon
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A goat herder who finds Daphnis as a baby. he didnt want to seem less compassionate than the goat nursing him, so he took him and raised him
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Dryas
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a man that finds Chloe and takes her in as his daughter. He was only going to let Chloe marry into nobility.
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Daphnis
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He was left as a baby and a goat nursed him until Lamon found him and began raising him. He became a shepherd at 15. He falls in love with Chloe. After learning how to make love, he marries Chloe by proving his wealth and nobility to her father
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Chloe
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she was left as a baby and a goat nursed her until a man found her and began raising her. She became a shepherdess at 13. She falls in love with Daphnis. she turns out to be of noble blood and marries Daphnis.
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Dorocon
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A cowherder who saves Daphnis from the ditch he fell in. Once he sees Chloe, he falls in love. Chloe gets kidnapped by pirates and saves her, but he is killed
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Pan
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(Daphnis and Chloe) When Chloe is kidnapped by Mythmne men, he comes down and saves her with the help of dolphins
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Lycenion
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A woman who lured Daphnis into the forest and told him an eagle had stollen her goose. She says she knows the problem chloe an he were having. She taught him the art of lovemaking
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Dionysohpones
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King of the land on which Dorocon lived. Lamon tells him the story of how they found Daphnis and he realizes that Daphnis is the baby he had left long ago. He approves Daphnis’ and Chloe’s marriage
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Aeneas
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Son of Aphrodite and a trojan warrior. He carries his father and son out of Troy. Dido falls in love with him. He goes to the underworld to see his father. It is prophesied that he will found the precursor to Rome, which he does
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Laocoön
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A Trojan priest. He suggest that the Horse is a trap and throws a spear at it, revealing that it is hollow. Because he damaged it, he and his 2 sons are killed by giant snakes
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Dido
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Queen of Carthage. Her husband was killed by her brother, so she fled Tyre and started a new kingdom. Venus makes her fall in love with Aeneas. When Aeneas tells her shes leaving, she curses him and hopes their kingdoms become enemies. It is an Etiological story about the punic wars. When Aeneas sees her in the underworld, she ignores him, like Ajax does to Odysseus.
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Sinon
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A greek “captive”. He tells a story that Apollo ordered for him to be sacrificed so the greeks can get home. Before they can do that, he escapes, but then is captured by the Trojans. He then tells that the Horse was a replacement statue for The Minerva one Odysseus had stolen and that it was sacred and should not be damaged. after it is let in, he opens the horse to reveal the greeks.
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Anchises
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Aeneas’ father. At first, he wants to stay and die at Troy, but a sign from the gods tells him to do otherwise. He takes the household gods with him. He tells Aeneas where to go to make a settlement. In the underworld, he gives Aeneas a glimpse of the future and show him all the future leaders of Rome.
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Creusa
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Aeneas’ wife. She dies while trying to escape Troy. She tells Aeneas to go and he will settle a new kingdom and find a new wife.
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Ascanius
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Creusa’s and Aeneas’ son
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Polydoras
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A trojan warrior who was killed by the king of Thrace. He turns into a tree. He warns Aeneas to not settle here bc of the bad history.
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Celaeno
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Queen of the Harpies. She is mad at Aeneas and his men for eating her cattle and curses them with hung. She says they will make it home though
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Andromache
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Widow to Hector and current wife of Helenus. she was captured by Achilles’ son, but he got tired of her and wed her to Helenus. She is now queen of Epirus
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Helenus
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King of Epirus and husband to Andromache. He is a prophet. he tells Aeneas about his journey and what to look out for. he says when Aeneas finds a pig suckling 30 pigletts, he has found the spot to make his settlement
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Achaemenides
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A greek warrior that accidentally abandoned by Odysseus on the island of the Cyclops. he begs the trojans to take him with him or kill him so at least he will be killed by a human and not a monster.
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Anna/ Pygmalion
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Dido’s sister. She pushes Dido to go for Aeneas. She says the dead don’t care if youre not faithful an that Dido can use an ally. This decision ultimately leads to Dido’s death
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Rumor
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A winged goddess with many eyes and tongues. She sees the love between Dido and Aeneas and tells everyone. eventually it gets to an african king who wanted Dido. he tells his father, Zeus, who sends mercury to tell Aeneas to get a move on
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Sibyl
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a Prophetess of Apollo. Once Aeneas arrives in Italy, she tells him all about the forthcoming future. she also tells him that he must pluck a golden bough and give it to the queen of the underworld and he will be let in
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Lycaon
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He is a tyrant of Arcadia who wants to kill zeus to prove he isn’t a god. He kills someone and serves him to Zeus. Because of this, Zeus turns him into a wolf and decides to get rid of humans all together.
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Deucalion & Pyrrha
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Husband and wife. Deucalion is son of Prometheus. They are the last humans alive after the flood bc Zeus remembers how pious they were to the gods. Themis tells them to throw rocks over their shoulders to create humans.
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Apollo and Cupid
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Apollo orders cupid to stop shooting arrows bc it’s his thing. Cupid gets angry and shoots Apollo and Daphne; Apollo with a love arrow, and Daphne with a disdain of love, she becomes a chaste. Apollo tries to rape Daphne, but she turns into a tree to avoid it. He wears olive leaves on his head from then on. Etiological story of why romans wear leaves on their head
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Io
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daughter of Inachus. Zeus rapes her and turns her into a cow to hide what happened from Hera. Hera asks to keep her. She shows her father who she is by scratching in the dirt. after Argus, the monster watching over her, is killed, Zeus turns her back into a woman and she later gives birth to a son
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Argus
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a 100 eyed monster that watched Io when she was a cow. Zeus orders Mercury to go down and kill him. Mercury tells the story of Pan and Syrinx. Argus falls asleep and Mercury kills him. Hera puts his eyes on the tail of the Peacock
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Pan and Syrinx
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Pan, a satyr god, tries to rape Syrinx who has vowed chastity. Syrinx asks the water nymphs to help her, so they turn her into reeds. Pan then makes a musical instrument, the panpipe out of the reeds.
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Phaethon and Helios
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Phaethon goes to Helios to see if he was his son. Phaethon makes Helios prove it by allowing him one wish and he complies. Phaethon asks to ride his chariot. The chariot goes out of control and Zeus has to come in and Kill Phaethon to stop the damage from going further. His mother and sister lament and his sisters turn into trees who’s tears turn to amber worn by women of Rome.
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Cynus
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Phaethon’s friend who turns into a swan after Phaethons death. He is traumatized by what happens, so he stays away from Zeus’ thunderbolts in the sky and is always by water, the opposite of fire
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Callisto and Zeus
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Zeus rapes Callisto, a maiden of Artemis, and gets her pregnant. Artemis finds out and turns her into a bear. Callisto’s son is hunting one day and finds her and tries to kill her, but Zeus comes down and makes them both into the big and little dipper.
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The Crow and the Raven
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The crow used to be a princess, but poseidon tried to rape her. She prayed to the gods for help and Minerva (Athena) turned her into a crow. She then became her bird. Later, when the crow ****** Minerva off by bringing her bad news, Minerva says she is now no longer her bird and an owl is instead. Compare to Syrinx and Daphne.
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Mercury and Battus
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While Apollo is mourning for the loss of his girlfriend, Mercury steals his cattle and hides them in the woods. He asks Battus to keep it a secret. Mercury disguises himself to see if Battus would keep his mouth shut, but Battus tells the “stranger” where they are. Mercury turns battus into a “touchstone” which reveals if a precious is real or not.
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Acteon
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Cadmus’ grandson. While hunting one day, Acteon accidentally sees Artemis bathing naked, so she turns him into a stag. His dog’s pick up his scent and kill him. Juno is happy bc one of King Agenor’s descendants is being punished
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Semele
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Semele is pregnant from Zeus and Hera is angry. In disguise, juno convinces her to ask Zeus to make love with her in his true godly form. Zeus is reluctant, but complies and accidentally kills her bc his true form is a lightning bolt. Zeus takes their unborn son and sews him to his thigh and Dionysus is later born. Compare the story with Phaethon bc they make promises before they know what they are going to be
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Tiresias (Metamorphoses)
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Zeus and Hera are argueing about which gender likes sex more. They bring Tiresias into it bc he spent a few years as a woman. He says women do and Hera gets angry and blinds him. Zeus feels bad so he grants him with Prophecy.
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Narcissus & Echo
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Echo is cursed and she can only repeat the last part of someone else’s sentance. She sees Narcissus in the forest one day and falls in love with him. He runs away when he finally sees her and she is heartbroken and wastes away until she is just a voice (Etiological story of an echo). Narcissus is later cursed so he’ll fall in love with someone who can’t love him back. turns out it’s himself. He drowns one day looking at his reflection in the water
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Minyas’ Daughters
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There are three of them and they all don’t like Bacchus and dont participate in his festivities. instead, they sit around and weave and tell stories. After each of them tell a story, Bacchus turns their weavings into vines and the girls into bats. this is what makes Bacchus exceptionally famous
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Perseus & Atlas
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Perseus killed Medusa and kept her head. Atlas refuses to let Perseus com in his garden bc there was a prophecy that one of Jupiter’s sons would steal his apples. Perseus get’s upset and show atlas the head of Medusa which turns him into a mountain that supports the heavens.
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Perseus and Andromeda
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Perseus and Andromeda are getting married and her uncle, Phineus, gets angry at Perseus and says that he is stealing his “should-be” wife. a battle breaks out and Perseus brings out Medusas head. He turns everyone to stone. Phineus grovels for him not to turn him to stone, but he does anyways
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Pluto and Proserpina (Hades & Persephone)
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Venus instructs her son Eros to shoot Pluto with one of his arrows. He falls in love with Proserpina and kidnaps her while she is picking flowers (hmmm). Ceres (Demeter) doesn't know what happened and searches the earth for her. She finds out that she’s now Pluto’s queen. because she ate 7 pomegranate seeds, she spends half the year with pluto and half with her mother. (compare to hymn to Demeter -> nothing about the mysteries)
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Arethusa & Alpheus
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Arethusa (a water nymph) was bathing one day and Alpheus (the god presiding over the river) falls in love with her. He chases her around and when she gets tired, she prays to Diana who shrouds her with mist. Arethusa sweats nervously and turns into a puddle where Alpheus then turns himself into a river and joins with her. They become a river in Sicily.
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Arachne
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A mortal from Lydia who is famous for her knitting. She says she’s better than Minerva (Athena, god of weaving). Minerva challenges her to a contest. Minerva knits the scene of her and Neptune competing and Arachne knits one of the male gods seducing various women. Everyone decides Arachne is best and Minerva gets angry and rips her knittng to pieces. Arachne is ashamed of herself and hangs herself, but Minerva feels sorry for her and brings her back to life as the first spider.
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Niobe
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Niobe gets jealous that everyone is worshipping Leto and not her. Leto gets revenge by killing her whole family. Niobe is so sad that she turns into a stone and transported to a mountain where she grew up. the stone pours out water. (Antigone compares herself to niobe when lamenting)
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Tereus, Procne, & Philomena
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Prince of Thrace. He fights off the barbarians form greece and the king gives him his daughter, Procne. Tereus falls in love with Philomena and rapes her and cuts her tongue out so she can’t tell Procne. Philomena weaves the message and communicates it to Procne. Procne kills Tereus’ and her son for revenge. seh cuts him up and cooks him and serves him to Tereus. He tries to kill them both, but they turn into birds and fly away. he turns into a hoopoe and but doesnt catch them
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Jason & Medea
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Jason, Captain of the Argo demands Aietes to give him the golden fleece. he says he will if he complete three tasks. Medea falls in love with Jason. While completing the tasks Jason begs for help and Medea gives it to him and makes him promise he will marry her. They sail off together. Jason has some familial problems with Peleas, regaurding the throne so Medea tricks Peleas’ daughters to stab him to death, promising that she will revive him to be much younger. Medea comes back and find that Jason has remarried and so she kills his new wife and her own children. She runs off and marries Ageas, king of Athens
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Medea and Ageas
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Ageas’ long lost son, Theseus, shows up and they both conspire to poison him. Before he drinks the poison, Aegeas realizes that its his son and knocks the drink out of his hand
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The Minotaur
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Pasiphae, wife of Minos, has an affair with a bull and births a half bull, half human baby. It grows up. Minos has a maze built and traps the minotaur in it. He demands to have athenian children sacrificed every 9 yrs. Theseus is one of the children and he kills the Minotaur with the help of Minos’ daughter.
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Aristophanes
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Told the story about how love was created . we were basically 2 people combined (man-man, man-woman, woman-woman), but then Zeus cut us in half. love comes from pining to find out other half
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Agathon
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Spoke about how Eros is the youngest and most delicate god. He says Eros is the beloved rather than the lover
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Socrates
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believes physical attraction is a stepping stone to greater love (Platonic love, love of all bodies). He claims to know one thing; Ta erotica (erotic love). He says that love doesn't exist without an object of love. You love/desire things you don’t already have. he considers himself a midwife to people’s ideas
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Alcibiades
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makes socrates into a mythic character, a satyr. He thinks Socrates can make him a better person, but Socrates dejects his advances, saying it wouldn’t be a fair trade.
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Cupid & Psyche vs. Daphnis and Chloe
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lots of pastoral poetry
the author speaks about pan There are illusions to Isis' cult in C & P C & P gives homage to Virgil "Arcadian brother" |
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xenia
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guest-host hospitality (when someone comes to your home, don't eat them). This along with many other rules seem to be rules that one shouldn't break
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Ganemede
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cup barer to Zeus
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Dolos
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trickery (Hermes and Odysseus was known for this)
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ananke
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necessity
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Kletic hymn
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Calling upon a god
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Stichomythia
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When 2 characters have a conversation and go back and forth with eachother with one line per turn. seen in the oresteia.
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Ate
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ruin
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Ethos
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Character/ stamp
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Encomium
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a speech to praise something. The charcters give an Encomium about Eros
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