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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some problems with Heracles? |
His name is derived from Hera, but Hera hated him. His kleos is from enduring problems rather than being a hero. The concept of 12 labours doesn't make sense from when he was written. He is seen as the founder of some places, but also traveled all over the world. |
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Why does Hera hate Heracles? |
Heracles was Zeus' son, Erytheus was the other guy's son. Hera hates Heracles, so she tried to kill him. Zeus claimed that the first born would be King, so she tried to kill Heracles so Erytheus would be King. |
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What does Hera do to Heracles? |
She tries to kill him as an infant with snakes, but Heracles kills the snakes. Hera then makes him mad and he kills his wife and children, and for this he suffers the 12 labours. |
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What are the 12 labours? |
Nemean lion, Lernaen Hydra (one head is immortal, Iolus helped with fire), Cerynean hide (Artemis fav deer), Erymanthian boar, Augean stables (made a river), Stymphalian birds (athena), cretan bull, Mares of Diomedes (man eating), girdle of Hippolyte (Hera interfers), cattle of Geryon, apples of Hesperides (held up sky), capturing cerberus (three headed dog, guards underworld) |
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Why is Heracles a civilizer or animal? |
He fights animals which are usually terrorizing the people of towns. But, he also walks around naked in raw lion skin. He bears a club. |
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Why is Heracles a creator or a destroyer? |
He founds 23 cities, and Olympic games. He kills King Loamedon and sons, and then in Oechalia, he kills everyone and steals the princess. |
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Is he a man or god? |
He is man because he was born from a woman, he dies, but then in the afterlife, he is in the area of Gods, feasting. |
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How does Heracles die? |
Daenaira is being attacked by a centaur, and so Heracles hits it with a bow and arrow laced with hydra poison, she then takes some of the blood for a love potion, and the hydra poison gets in it. Then Heracles dies from it on a robe. |
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How is Heracles used in comedy? |
He is strong, and obssessed with drinking and eating. He is willing to give up Zeus power for a meal to Peisetairos, but Zeus is like "nahh dawg". |
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How is Heracles used in philosophy? |
He is seen as a model of virtue. Someone who suffered and then triumphed. He is a model of freedom, he does what he wants, doesn't follow social cues (clothes), and also humble because he allows himself to be enslaved. |
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How is Heracles an allegory? |
His labours were representative of social cages. The boar = intemperacne, bull= irrational emotions, cleaning stables= cleaning up man kind, birds=empty hopes humans have. |
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How is Heracles used in politics? |
He is used by the Spartans because they think they are his descendents. Many places also claim Heracles founded them. |
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Who are the spartans? |
They were Dorians who settled in Sparta after the Trojan war. They believed they were descendents from Heracles, so they were retaking their land. Once Heracles died, his children were prosecuted, so they left, but the Dorians are them returning. |
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Who is Theseus? |
Was Aegeus son (and maybe Poseidon), a sword and sandals left beneath large rock, when Theseus could lift it, he could take Athens. He fights law breakers, except for the man eating pig, and defeates minotaur. |
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What is the story of the minotaur? |
Crete was ruled by king Minos, his wife has sex with bull and had minotaur. Athens then owed tribute of 14 children every year to try to kill the minotaur. Theseus volunteered and killed the minotaur and traced his path with yarn. |
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How did Theseus become king? |
After war, black sail meant Theseus was dead. But, Theseus lived, but the sailors forgot to change the sail back because black was normal. So Aegeus killed himself, and Theseus became King upon return. |
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How does Theseus follow the monomyth? |
Lived in Troezen, Aethra tells him to lift rock. Athena helps him on his journey. Engages in labours and challenges, then goes to Minotaur maze and kills minotaur. Then becomes mighty King. |
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What is euhemerism? |
Interpretation that views myth as embellishment of history. |
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What is bull leaping? |
Cretians worshipped bulls, and young men would grab the horns of the bull and then leap over the bull. |
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How did Theseus play a part in nationalism? |
He came into play in the 5th and 6th century once Athens wanted to become a democracy and major power player in Greece. He was also used during the Persian war. |
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What is on the athenian treasury at Delphi? |
The front is Theseus, and the back is Heracles. |
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What was Isocrates view on Theseus? |
He thought he did better things than Heracles, and that he was a better hero. Heracles fought more dangerous animals, but Theseus did things that mattered. |
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What is the story of Cadmus and the first kings? |
Cadmus' sister is stolen by Zeus, Cadmus gives up and finds Thebes. Daughter Semele is killed by sisters, and then Pentheus becomes King. Labdacus (grandson of Cadmus) has son Laius. Labdacus is killed by Dionysus, Lycus becomes King. Antiope has twins and they kill Lycus. Laius becomes King after the twins die. Laius then has Oedipus.
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What is the story of Oedipus? |
Laius is told that he will be killed by his son, so he pins Oedipus' feet together, and tells sheppard to kill him in river. Oedipus crawls to a home on the hill, and then hears he is to kill his father so he leaves for Thebes. Oedipus kills his dad, sheppard saw. Oedipus becomes King after defeating sphinx. Tiresias then tells Oedipus he is the killa. Queen kills herself, then Oedipus too. |
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Why didn't Creon pursue Laius' murder? |
They were so devastated by the sphinx that when Oedipus came and saved the day, they didn't care anymore and were happy. |
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Who were Oedipus' children and how did they behave once he was exiled? |
The daughters Antigone and Ismene helped him, the sons Polynices and Eteocles went to find him so they could kill him. The brother kill each other, and Creon becomes King. |
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What are some variations of the Oedipus myth? |
Sophocles says Oedipus blinds himself, Homer says he never had kids and he dies in battle, Euripides says Laius servant blids Oedipus and goes into exile after sons die. |
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Where does Oedipus' name come from? |
It means swollen feet. His feet were tied as a baby, and also, he knew the riddle about feet. |
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What is Freud's take in the myth? |
We have desires which are forbidden and dreams act as wish-fulfillment. Myths also act as wish fulfillment |
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What does Rene Girard do? |
French theorist who looks back into human prehistory for origins of myth. He believes that humans are run by mimetic desire and mimetic rivalry. |
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What is mimetic desire? |
I want something because someone else wants it. Me imitating you may make you want it more. Has escaling effect. |
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What is mimetic rivalry? |
Direct consequence of mimetic disire, because we both want it, we are rivals. The solution for mimetic rivalry is a scapegoat. |
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What is a scapegoat? |
Blaming someone unfairly for crimes. They may be guilty, but they are blamed disproportionately. Group genuinly believes in their guilt. Can create order to mimetic rivalry groups. |
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What is the rite of passage for scapegoats? |
Killing the scapegoat ended the violence or whatever chaos was happening because of the scapegoat. |
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What is the Girard mythic pattern? |
Society falls into disorder, social order broken. Someone is blamed, evidence is presented, scapegaot is killed. Order returns. |
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What happened to Lycurgus from Dionysus? |
He was driven mad because he refused to worship DIonysus, s Lycurgus kills his wife and son. |
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Hwo did Icaruis die? |
He was murdered because Dionysus taught him to make wine, and then the people of Athens thought it was poison and killed him. |
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What happened with Pentheus in the Bacchae? |
Dionysus goes to Thebes disguised because his mom is from there and she was mistreated. Pentheus refuses to accept he is a god, so Pentheus' family is stricken with madness. The mom joined Dionysus' women called Maenad. Pentheus then goes to see the women disguised as a mountain lion. His mother Agave then kills him. |
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Who are Dionysus' parents? |
Zeus and Semele. Hera was jealous of Semele so she killed her. Then Zeus took Dionysus' body, and birthed him from his thigh. |
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What is Dionysus the god of? |
He is the god of wine and agriculture. |
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What are the positives and negatives of wine? |
Allows the people to deal with the hardships of the day. Allows for religious practices. It makes people mad though. |
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What are Dionysus' cults like? |
Dionysus appears as a bull, follows are wold, eating raw flesh. The women are called Maenads and are from Asia. They kill babies. |
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What are satyrs? |
Part man, part goat. Obsessed with drunkenness and sex. |
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How do Pentheus and Dionysus watch the Maenads? |
Pentheus is dressed as a woman, and Dionysus is disguised as a bull. This proves that Dionysus is driving Pentheus mad. |
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What is the rite of passage for the fertility god? |
Birth in the summer, combat in winter. The death and suffering. Then mourning, and then rebirth and deafeats enemy. |
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What is a rite of passage? |
Ritual managing transition from one group to another. |
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What is Bill Murray's interpretation of myth? |
Birth (Dionysus appears), then combat (he fights with Pentheus), then suffering (Pentheus dies by being pulled apart). Pentheus is put back together, and everyone takes DIonysus seriously. (rebirth). |
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What is Dionysus in 69? |
Made by Richard Schechner. Came during summer of love, drug culture, civil rights, and Vietnam, assassinations. About anti-establihsment, liberation. Love and sex turn to savagery and hate. |
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What is death like in Homer's version? |
Coward and hero end up in the same place. Achilles regrets dying young. Basic shadows whome can only talk after drinking blood. Dead sit around gossiping about their deaths. In waiting room. People who personally offend the gods go to Tartarus, and heros go to Elysian fields. |
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Whats is Vergil's underworld like? |
The river of Styx, and there are two other rivers you may drink from. LEthe (forgetfullness), and the other one. Elysian fields for heros, and Tartarus for bad people. |
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What is Hesiod's afterlife like? |
Zeus allows many heroes to live in abode away from men where they have no sorrow on the islands of the blessed. |
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WHat are the Eleusunuan mysteries? |
A promise to go to the white island after death even if you aren't a hero. Mystes= person whose eyes are closed. So after the ritual, you will have the knowledge of how to go to the white fields. They are to do with Persephone and her mother Demeter. There is a ritual which goes along with it. |
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WHat happened to Persephone? |
She was daughter of Zeus and Demeter, and she was kidnapped by Hades in a meadow. Demeter then depressed, becomes a maid for a family, and tries to make their child immortal, but she is stopped. She then in sorrow makes the land stop producing crops. Persephone is then allowed to spend 2 parts of the year on ground. |
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Who is Demeter? |
She is a fertility goddess, and Zeus' sister. |
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What aitia does Persephone offer? |
The seasons, and the Eleusinian mysteries. The rite of passage from maiden to wife. |
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So what is the ritual of Demeter?
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Priestesses play Demeter and Persephone, and they express grief at their separation. The initiates for Demeter wonder in the dark looking for Persephone. Eventually they are reunited. |
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Who is Orpheus? |
He participated in quest for golden fleece with Jason and the Argonauts. He journeys to the underworld to recover his wife Eurydice. He is not allowed to look at her until they reach the surface, and once they do, she immediately returns to underworld. He was a great musician. |
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Why is Orpheus so musical and why is it important?
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Son of Calliope (a muse), and revered as greatest musician in history. Music was important becasue it was method of religion etc.
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What is a weird version of Orpheus? |
Time produced night, night made heaven and earth. Zeus came to pwoer and swallowed heaven's penis and birthed universe. He then has sex with mother, and made Persephone, then sexed her and made Dionysus. Titans kill Dionysus, and he is reborn and Titans are killed by Zeus. From the ashes of Dionysus and Titans, humans are born. |
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What is the Derveni papyrus? |
Acknowledges of the weirdness of Orpheus' story, and so it insists that everything is code or symbolism. You need a special code to unlock the papyrus. |
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What are the Orphic gold tablets? |
Buried with people throughout greece and rome. Commemorate iniation into mysteries. Preserves speical knowledge about what to do after death. Drink from second river, tell PErsephone you are the child of heaven and earth, Dionysus freed you. |
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What is syncretism? |
Syncing different gods and myths from different cultures. Such as Venus and Aphrodite. Venus was loyal and love, and Aphro was shameless and philandering and nicked by Diomedes and cried to dad. Mars and Ares, Mars is worshipped, Ares is considered a big baby. Mars is father of Romulus and Remus, humans desnced from him. |
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What is the myth of ROmulus and Remus? |
King Amulius took throne of Alba Longa. Nice Rhea is impregnanted by Mars, and they had ROmulus and Remus. Amulius throws twins into water, but maid puts them by edge. Wolf comes and suckles them. They then kill Amulius. Then ROmulus saw omen, and Remus mocked city walls and Romululs killed him. Romulus dies peacefully. |
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What is Livy's version of Romulus and Remus? |
Rhea got accidetally pregnant. She-wolf is "lupa" which is name of prostitute. They kill Amulius. Then they both see an omen, and they fight to death over it. Romulus then is pulled apart years later by senators. |
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Why were Roman myths more sophisticated? |
They were written down rather than spoken, and had a more sophisticated way of speaking. |
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What is the story of Aeneus? |
Aeneus was fighting for Troy, but then Venus convinces him to leave. AScanius is his son, nickname Lulus. Aeneus goes on adventures. Cyclops, in CArthage meets Mercury, and she kills herself. He then goes to underworld. Then courts Lavinia, who is promised to Turnus, so they fight. Turnus dies because he killed Pallas. |
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Difference between Aeneus and Odysseus. |
Aeneus cares a lot about his men. He is always looking after them and hunting for them. His men survive. He also considers leaving TUrnus alive, where Odysseus wants to kill everyone. |
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Juno Vs Hera: |
Hera is a defender of Greece, but Juno only is obstacle in the Aeneid. Hera hates trojans because of Paris saying Aphro was prettiest. |
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Neptune vs Poseidon: |
Poseidon has wrath, is barrier for Odysseus. Neptune helps Aeneus and calms the sea. |
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Jupiter vs Zeus |
Zeus wants to bring Odysseus home but he isn't all powerful. Jupiter is all powerful and can do whatever he wants. |
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WHat is on the Ara Pacs Augustae? |
It is an altar of Augustus' peace. East side is Aeneus sacrificng Lulus, and west side is Remus and ROmulus. This shows that Aeneus and Romulus are model ROman men. |
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What is pietas? |
Duty to country. |
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What is a fable? |
Simple stories usually involving animals which speak a moral lesson. Tortoise and hare. |
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WHat is a legend? |
Traditional stories that speak about history. |
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What is folktale? |
Stories passed down orally about a hero's adventures. |
