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196 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Why are myths created?
To attempt to explain the world and the natrual phenomena in that world
Why are myths created?
To attempt to explain the world and the natrual phenomena in that world
Why are myths created?
To attempt to explain the world and the natrual phenomena in that world
How were myths used in everyday actions?
They were used to attempt to justify social patterns and rituals
Were myths used in creation stories?
Yes, they told the stories of the beginnings of things
What are the 3 categories of mythical stories?
1.Olympian Gods and Goddesses. 2. Myths involving explaining natural phenomena. 3. Myths involving heroes
What is the name of the collection of gods and goddesses?
The Panthenon
Where did the gods reside?
Mt. Olympus
What is the difference between -os and -us in the naming convention?
-os is Greek, -us is Latin, and often the accepted spelling
Name two of the greek Tragic Poets
Homer, Hesiod
[slide 15] Who's iconography does this represent?
[slide 15] Who's iconography does this represent?
Hestia, Dione, Aphrodite
[slide 17] Who's iconography does this represent?
[slide 17] Who's iconography does this represent?
Athena
[slide 18] Who's iconography does this represent?
[slide 18] Who's iconography does this represent?
Artemis and Actaeon
[slide 19] Who's iconography does this represent?
[slide 19] Who's iconography does this represent?
The bacchae
Define "Hairetikos"
"One who is able to chose"
[slide 22] Who's iconography does this represent?
[slide 22] Who's iconography does this represent?
Death of Socrates
In general, how did the gods appear?
anthropomorphic, with idealized bodies
Where did the gods cult statues reside?
Within Greek temples
What kind of natural phenomena had myths associated with them?
Seasons, movement of the sun, earthquakes, lightning, wind
What do heroes usually personify?
An abstract quality, like courage, kingship, or strength
What happens at a heroes death?
Usually deification - becoming a god, though not of the same level of the olympian gods
Define "Theogony"
The geneology of the gods
Who is Hesiod?
one of the oldeest known greek poets. The author of Theogany
Who is Socrates?
scholar, setentenced to death by hemlock, criticized some facets of democracy, accused of corrputing the youth.
Who or what was the first entity according to Hesiod?
Darkness
[slide 50] What is this representing?
[slide 50] What is this representing?
The Three Fates
Name the Three Fates and their Duties
Clotho - Spinner, spun thread of person's life. Lachesis, Apportioner, decides length of person's life. Atropos, Inevitable, cut thread when person was to die.
Who was Gaia?
Mother Earth
Who was Ouranos/Uranus?
The Sky
Who were the Titans?
elder gods, reflected forces of nature and primal concepts
Who were the cyclops?
3 mosntrous children, strong, with a single eye
Where was Cyclops cast?
Tartarus - lowest place in the underworld
Which side (Left or right) is unlucky, and why?
Left - based on the myth of the castration of Ouranos. genitals were siezed in the left hand, and the sickle in the right.
Who were the furies?
3 goddesses of vengance
Who were the giants?
Thsoe who would make war on the gods
What is the meaning of the name "Aphrodite"?
"She who was born from foam
Where is the cult center of Aphrodite?
Cyprus
Who is Rhea?
Wife to Cronos. Also a Titan.
Who will dethrone Cronos?
One of his sons
How did Cronos attempt to prevent the prophecy of one of his children dethroning him from coming true?
He swallowed his children with each of their births
Who were the first generation of Olympians?
Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, Zeus
Where was Zeus Born?
Mt. Lykaion
Where did Zeus get his thunderbolt?
the Cyclops gave it to them, after he freed them from Tartarus
Who ruled after Cronos was defeated?
Poseidon - Sea, Hades - Underworld, Zeus - Sky and heavens
What is Iconography?
The symbolic treatment in art
Why did Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades have long hair and beards?
This represented their seniority among the Olympian gods
What is a numismatic depiction?
A coin depiction
What does quadrennial mean?
Held every 4 yeasr
What is a sanctuary?
A sacred Place
What is Peloponnesos
The location of Olympia
Who is Ganymede?
Prince of Troy
Who is Hera?
Sister AND wife of Zeus
What is a crown polos?
A high and cylindrical crown
Where was Hera worshipped?
Argos
Who is the mother of Dionysos?
Semele
Who is Io?
Priestes of Hera at Argos. turned into a cow.
Who is Leda?
Daughter of a greek king, wife of the king of sparta. Zeus seduces her as a swan.
Who is Danae?
Daughter of King of Argos. Mother of Perseus
Who is Herakles?
The "Glory of Hera", did 12 labors. Son of Alkmene
in "ca. 500 - 480 BC", what does ca mean?
circa; "around"
What is Poseidon's weapon?
the Trident
Where were Poseidon's temples?
Isthmia and Sounion
What is the River Styx?
Separates Hades from earth
who is charon?
ferryman for the river
What is cerberus?
three headed dog
What was Hades given from cyclops?
cap of invisibility
Who is Hestia?
Firstborn of Cronos and Rhea. influenced health, domesticity.
Who is Demeter?
Daughter of Cronos and Rhea. influenced agriculture, brought seasons
What is Chronology?
Ordering things based on time.
Name three cultures of the Bronze Age
Cycladic Cultur, Minoan Civilization, Mycenaean Civilization
What partially defines time periods in Greece?
The evolution of artistic styles
What are the 6 main phases of Greek Culture?
Dark Ages, Geometric Period, Orientalizing Period, Archaic Period, Classical Period, Hellenistic Period
Was the evolution of style limited to artwork?
No, it applied to Sculpture, Architechture, and Vase painting as well
What are the 3 main parts of the Greek Mainland?
Peloponnesos, Pelops, and Tantalos
What is an Isthmus?
A narrow land bridge
What two gulfs did the Corinth canal connect?
Gulf of Corinth, Saronic Gulf
Name 3 important city states in Peloponnesos
Sparta, Corinth, Argos
What was the important sanctuary site in Peloponnesos
Olympia
Name 3 important city states in Central Greece
Athens, Megara, Thebes
What were the important sanctuary sites in Central Greece?
Athens, Delphi
What is the main area of Northern Greece?
Thessaly
What is the largest Greek Island?
Crete
What civilization lived on Crete?
The Minoan Civilization
What were the names of some of the Cycladic Islands?
Melos, Paros, Delos, Naxos, Thera, Syros
What stone was used for cutting in ancient greece?
Obsidian
What is the name of the east Greek Islands?
Anatolia.
What Islands made up the East Greek Islands?
Lesbos, Chios, Samos, Rhodes
Which sea was east of the Greek Mainland?
the Aegean sea
Which sea was west of the Greek Mainland?
the Ionian Sea
Is the Ionian sea related to Ionia?
No
Which city eventually became Constantinople?
Byzantium
Who expanded the sphere of Greek Influence around 4 BC?
Aelxander the Great
What are the 6 types of Latin noun endings?
Male Singular, Male Plural, Female Singular, Female Plural, Neuter Singular, Neuter Plural
How many years in a century. A millenium?
100. 1000
What is topography?
The physical characteristics of a landmass
How connected were Greek city states?
disconnected. They were separated physically by mountains, and they were politically independant.
Was ancient Greece a united country?
No. The isolation prevented unity of the city states.
Who brought the city states together?
Alexander the great
Why were the city states antagonistic?
Limited land and resources
How did the greeks trade?
Via Sea, not land.
What is the climate like in Greece?
Hot and dry for the majority of the year
Climate influenced religion as well. The greeks associated their gods with natural forces and crops - things that would make their lives easier

--
Greek art and architecture was heavily influenced by the climate.

--
What tends to dominate greek art?
Religion
Geography impacts greek culture, dividing it into distinct areas, each developing their own distinct art styles

--
the Romans carted off many Greek original works, and preserved Greek temples, until 394, when Theodosius closed all Greek sanctuaries. the rise of Christianity also led to destruction or repurposing of Greek works and sites

--
What is Chronology?
Ordering things based on time.
Name three cultures of the Bronze Age
Cycladic Cultur, Minoan Civilization, Mycenaean Civilization
What partially defines time periods in Greece?
The evolution of artistic styles
What are the 6 main phases of Greek Culture?
Dark Ages, Geometric Period, Orientalizing Period, Archaic Period, Classical Period, Hellenistic Period
Was the evolution of style limited to artwork?
No, it applied to Sculpture, Architechture, and Vase painting as well
What are the 3 main parts of the Greek Mainland?
Peloponnesos, Pelops, and Tantalos
What is an Isthmus?
A narrow land bridge
What two gulfs did the Corinth canal connect?
Gulf of Corinth, Saronic Gulf
Name 3 important city states in Peloponnesos
Sparta, Corinth, Argos
What was the important sanctuary site in Peloponnesos
Olympia
Name 3 important city states in Central Greece
Athens, Megara, Thebes
What were the important sanctuary sites in Central Greece?
Athens, Delphi
What is the main area of Northern Greece?
Thessaly
What is the largest Greek Island?
Crete
What civilization lived on Crete?
The Minoan Civilization
What were the names of some of the Cycladic Islands?
Melos, Paros, Delos, Naxos, Thera, Syros
What stone was used for cutting in ancient greece?
Obsidian
What is the name of the east Greek Islands?
Anatolia.
What Islands made up the East Greek Islands?
Lesbos, Chios, Samos, Rhodes
Which sea was east of the Greek Mainland?
the Aegean sea
Which sea was west of the Greek Mainland?
the Ionian Sea
Is the Ionian sea related to Ionia?
No
Which city eventually became Constantinople?
Byzantium
Who expanded the sphere of Greek Influence around 4 BC?
Aelxander the Great
What are the 6 types of Latin noun endings?
Male Singular, Male Plural, Female Singular, Female Plural, Neuter Singular, Neuter Plural
How many years in a century. A millenium?
100. 1000
What is topography?
The physical characteristics of a landmass
How connected were Greek city states?
disconnected. They were separated physically by mountains, and they were politically independant.
Was ancient Greece a united country?
No. The isolation prevented unity of the city states.
Who brought the city states together?
Alexander the great
Why were the city states antagonistic?
Limited land and resources
How did the greeks trade?
Via Sea, not land.
What is the climate like in Greece?
Hot and dry for the majority of the year
Climate influenced religion as well. The greeks associated their gods with natural forces and crops - things that would make their lives easier

-
Greek art and architecture was heavily influenced by the climate.

-
What tends to dominate greek art?
Religion
Geography impacts greek culture, dividing it into distinct areas, each developing their own distinct art styles

-
the Romans carted off many Greek original works, and preserved Greek temples, until 394, when Theodosius closed all Greek sanctuaries. the rise of Christianity also led to destruction or repurposing of Greek works and sites

-
What does "kukaos" mean?
Circle
Where does Cycladic Art originate?
The islands in the Aegean sea
Where did greek obsidian come from?
The Island of Melos
Who "ruled the aegean seas and why?"
The Cycladic islands, because of their location, became skilled traders and sailers, growing rich and well connected
Around how long did Cycladic art last?
Around 1000 years.
How many phases did Cycladic art have, and what divided them?
Three, divided by types of objects
What does ECI mean?
Early Cycladic I
What kind of culture did ECI have?
Neolithic, few permanent settlements, mostly farming and fishing
What kind of culture did ECII have?
Rich, mature, with bronze tools and weapons, painted pottery and marble vases
What kind of culture did ECIII have?
New vase shapes, fewer marble vases and figurines
ECII created fortifications to protect themselves from invasion.

-
What was the most important fortified site on Syros?
Chalandriani
What was a unique thing Cycladic Art focused on?
Cemetaries
What is a Cist Grave?
A stone grave lined with slabs
What is corbelling?
A stone technique, sucessive courses extending slightly inward
What is inhumation?
Latin word meaning "In ground"
Where did they get marbel for Cycladic Figurines?
Paros and Naxos
Who was Apollo's parents?
Zeus and Leto
Who was Leto?
Daughter of one of the titans.
Who was Apollo's Twin?
Artemis
How many muses are there?
Nine
Where do the muses live?
Mt Parnassos
Name the Instrument and subject of the Muse Calliope
Epic Poetry, and Writing Tablet
Name the Instrument and subject of the Muse Clio
History, and Scrolls
Name the Instrument and subject of the Muse Erato
Love Poetry, and Cithara (guitar)
Name the Instrument and subject of the Muse Euterpe
Music, and Aulos (reed pipe)
Name the Instrument and subject of the Muse Melpomene
Tragedy, and Tragic Mask
Name the Instrument and subject of the Muse Polyhymnia
Choral Poetry, adn Veil
Name the Instrument and subject of the Muse Terpsichore
Dance, and Lyre
Name the Instrument and subject of the Muse Thalia
Comedy, and Comic Mask
Name the Instrument and subject of the Muse Urania
Astronomy, and Globe and Compass
Where was Apollo's sanctuaries?
Delos and Delphi
What are the Pythian Games?
Modelled after the Olympics, but for Athletic, musical, and dramatic contests
who is Pythia?
A priestess, a vehicle for the oracle Python
Who is Artemis?
Daughter of Zeus and Leto, influences the hunt, outdoors, animals, and fertility
Where is Artemis' Sanctuary?
Ephesos. The temple of Artemis was one of the 7 wonders
Who is Ares?
Son of Zeus of Hera. God of war and violence.
Who is Hephaestus?
Son of Zeus of Hera. God of fire, craftsmen, forge. huspand of Aphrodite
Where was Hephaestus' temple?
Athens
Who is Aphrodite?
godess of love and fertility
Who is Praxiteles?
Sculptor who did the first nude statue of aphrodite
Who is Hermes?
Son of Zeus and Mala, messenger of gods. Has a petasos (travellers cap) and caduceus (wand with intertwined snakes)
Who is Mala?
Daught of the Titan, Atlas.
Who is Dionysos?
god who influenced wine, nature, fertility, vegitation.
What is a Satyr?
half man, half goat.
Who are Maenads?
Female followers of Dionysos
What is a Thyrsus?
Stalk with a pine cone
What is sparagmos?
dismemberment of animals
What is omophagia?
consumption of raw flesh
Who is Athena?
Daughter of Zeus and Metis (titan). Influences wisdom, crafts, and warfare
What is an acropolis?
A rocky hill
What is a parthenon?
A Temple