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99 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
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Wrong Argument
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Represented by Socratese represents all that is wrong with sophistry and "new education" it emphasises the use of trickers, persuasion, and retoric. Disrespect for elders and no regard for moral values or the gods
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from The Clouds
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Right Argument
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represents the old or traditional syste of education, one that stresses obedience, reverence for elders, values indoctrinated in poetry such as Homer, and physical fitness
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from The Clouds
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Strepsiades
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penny-pinching father of Pheidippides; represents the "old way"; wants to be taught sophistry by Socrates in order to shrink his debt rather than take responsibility for it;cannot learn from Socrates b/c of his stubborness, violence, and limited/literal mind; although he uses sophistry to shrink his debt he is a traditionalist an (like a tragic hero) regrets his actions when Pheidippides uses his sohpistry against him
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from The Clouds
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Pheidippides
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Strepsiades' play-boy son; he is arrogant and aristocratic;he is full of himself-originally in his possesions and later in his sophistic knowledge he represents the "new way" as he is very receptive to Socrates' teachings; he becomes the perfect exaple of a Sophist usings his knowledge to justify the beating of his own father
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from The Clouds
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Socrates
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Runs the thinkery; comedic representation of sophistic movements (intellectual corruption or fraud); the foild to strepsiades; represents intelect that seems to be removed from the physical all together; so "intellectual" or rather non-practical he seems to be studying nonsense; is a dangerous threat by using his sophistry to teach the younger generations to grousley disrespect the gods and elders; is araogant and violent
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from The Clouds
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Chorus of Clouds
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Socrates describes the clouds as the goddesses of "prophets...quacks,fops, charlatands,faires..." They cause the weather and are the goddesses of the philosopher; it is The Clouds whom Socrates and his followers praise not the traditional gods
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from The Clouds
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Xanthius
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Strepsiades household slave; obedient but will stand up for himself; helps Strepsiades burn down The Thinkery
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from The Clouds
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Philosophy
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Represents the "Old Education"; the 3 D's: Decorum, Dicsipline, and Duty;rigid, physical, manly; decency, modesy, purity;defines Sophistry as vain, villiany,sodomists, perversion;cannot compete with Sophistry's rhetoric and loses the completition
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from The Clouds
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Sophistry
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uses rhetoric and persuasion to make the worse argument appear to be the truth;large emphasis on gaining profit; embraces pleasure and critisizes philosphy for depriving it;disproves all of Philosophy's values and takes Pheidippides as a students
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from The Clouds
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Pasias
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first creditor of Strepsiades;confident, assured, and organizes; Strepsiades refuses to repay him b/c he finds Pasias to be ignorant; still Pasias intends to pursure his payment
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from The Clouds
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Amynias
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second creditor of Strepsiades; a whinings and self-pitying man; suggests that Strepsiades pay interest on loan but he responds that if oceans can't grow then money can't either; is whipped by Strepsiades until he runs away
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The Clouds
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Chaerphon
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A follower of Socrates renowned for his paleness and knowledge;whiney and helpless
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The Clouds
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The Thinkery
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the school for sophists lead by Socrates;represents what Aristophanes thinks a school should NOT be - overly serious (to the point of ridiculousness) and seperated from the natural world
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The Clouds
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New Comedy
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ancestor to modern citcom; not political or socail; personal/family subject; more accessible to modern reader; universal subject matter
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Old comedy
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Socially relevant;little use of mythology;leather phallus;impossible situations;no boundaries; BUT NOT TRIVIAL;serious/important issues;political/social issues
ex. The Clouds-education; sophistry vs. philosogy ex. Lysistrata- war and relationship b/t the sexes |
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Lysistrata
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Athenian woman who is sick of the war going on between Athens and Sparta; she decides to attempt to bring the war to an end by convincing the Athenian and Spartan women to abstain from sex with their husbands until Sparta and Athens declare peace
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From Lysistrata
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Kleonike
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Klenoike is a foolish and shallow Athenian woman; she is the "girly-girl" of the bunch;while Lysistrata is concerned about establishing peace Kleonike seems to be more concerned with the fact that her scheme involves sexy negligees
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From Lysistrata
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Myrrhine
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Second strongest woman in the play;most effective in the sex strike as the coy seduction of her husband (Kinesias) leads him to go to the Akropolis begging that Athens and Sparta make peace
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From Lysistrata
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Lampito
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Lampito is the representative of the Spartan women; she works closely with Lysistrata to get the Spartan women involved in the sex strike; she is loud, boustrous, and somewhat stupid
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From Lysistrata
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Chorus of Old Men
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Made up of 12 old men;they travel all along Athens trying to keep the women in line;they are unsuccessful and are badly beaten by the chorus of old women
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From Lysistrata
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Chorus of Old Women
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Seizes the Akropolis and protects it from the Chorus of Old Men by outwitting them and fighting them of with house hold objects;in the end they win victory over the chorus of old men
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From Lysistrata
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Commissioner of Public Saftey
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the head of security and law in Athens yet is completely overwhelmed by the women and dresses as one for protection; when Lysistrata tries to discuss peace between Sparta and Athens he is confused by her logic
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from Lysistrata
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Kinesias
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The sexualy deprived husband of Myrrhine; he is the first to give into the sex strike and goes to the Akropolis to discuss peace between Sparta and Athens; he is distracted however by his longing for Peace
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from Lysistrata
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Peace
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Lysistrata's handmaid; Lysistrata brings her, completely naked, to the Akropolis as a final plea for Peace; her nakedness arouses the men so much that they quickly discuss the terms of the truce so that the sex strike will be over
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from Lysistrata
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Lysios
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Dionysus as the loosener of boundaries and the god of the irrational
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The Bacchae
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Omaphagia
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to eat raw flesh with joy; seen in The Bacchae in the Maenads;
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The Bacchae
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sparagmas
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the ritual slaughter of animal by rearing in apart; this is seen in The Bacchae in the Maenads; Agaue believes she is doing this when she kills Pentheus (thinking he is a lion)
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The Bacchae
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Maenads
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Theban women possessed by Dionysus for refusing to regard him as a god; they left their homes and civic duty to live an almost animalistic life in the wilderness; through their trance they worship, sing, dance for Dionysus; they live a calm and easy life but are frightening, strong, and violent when they are threatoned
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The Bacchae
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Bacchae
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Dionysus' tribe of woman followers; regard Dionysus as frightening, violent, righteous, and compassionate
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The Bacchae
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Amathia
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lack of wisdom; ignorant of self; represented in Pentheus in THe Bacchae as he does realize that Dionysus is a god; represented in Agaue as well as she does not know she killed her own son
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The Bacchae
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Sophia
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Wisdom or self knowledge; represented by Dionysus in The Bacchae through his knowledge of his divinity and identity; However,in Nichomachean ethics sophia relates to wisdom which excludes prudence and can only be gained through study
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The Bacchae and Nicomachean Ethics
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"Follow, and I shall go as your escort and protector, though another shall bring you back"
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Dionysus speaking to Pentheus in The Bacchae; he is talking about taking Pentheus to see the Maenads; this is ironic because Dionysus does not intend to protect Penthius-he is bringing him to his demise; when her refers to another bringing PEnthius back he is talking about Agaue; he does not mention that she will rip him apart and "carry" his head back
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NO HINT FOR YOU...figure it out
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Dionysus
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The god of the irrational and loosener of boundaries, wine, theater and ecstacy; he is the son of Zues and Semele, grandson of Cadmus; in The Bacchae he is infuriated that he does not recieve the reverence that he deserves as a god so he violently punishes Thebes for their impious behavoir; represents duality: mortan and divine, allows mortals to let go of moderation and join in revelry(joy happiness) but this reverly causes them to go mad, be violent, and self destruct
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The Bacchae
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Pentheus
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Son of Agaue and grandson of Cadmus; the new king of Thebes;the foil of Dionysus:preserves law and order, military man, stern, puritanical, and objects to revelry (drunkeness, sexuality, ect.); but like Dionysus, represents duality while his puritanical and obsinate her is also very curious about the Maenads;wants sole rule over Thebes(especially woman); wanst a rational government
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The Bacchae
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Teiresias
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A famous Theban seer; convinces Cadmus to worship Dionysus(he and Cadmus are the only men to go to worship Dionysus with the Maenads); tries to convince Pentheus to worship with them; very concerned with showing Dionysus "the right respect"
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The Bacchae
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Cadmus
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Former king of Thebes;father of Agaue and Semele; grandfather of Pentheus and Dionysus; only one in his family to declare allegence to Dionysus-he (along with Teiresias) goes to worship Dionysus with The Maenads and tries to convine Pentheus to revere him as a god aswell;he is still punished and Dionysus transforms him into a snake and drives him to destroy many cities
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The Bacchae
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Agaue
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Mother of Pentheus and daughter of Cadmus;Dionysus punishes her for not revering him as a god by putting her under a trance-causing her to be part of the Maenads; she suffers from amathia when she kills Pentheus thinking he is a lion; Dionysus punishes her for her impious action by exiling her
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The Bacchae
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The parts of the soul
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the rational part and the non-rational part
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Nicomachean Ethics
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rational part of the soul deals with...
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what does not change (to epistemonikon)
another part deals with what changes (to logistikon) |
Nicomachean Ethics
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what does not change deals with...
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Understanding (nous)
and Science (episteme) |
Nicomachean Ethics
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science
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episteme; the way things are understood through induction (requires previous knowledge) or deduction; scientific method
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Nicomachean Ethics
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understanding
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understands what is turth; grasps as a principle
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Nicomachean Ethics
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what changes deal with...
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craft (techne) and prudence (phronesis)
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Nicochean Ethics
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craft
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(techne);yeilds production; admits to being otherwise because principle is found in fina product not in producer
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Nicomachean Ethics
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prudence
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(phronesis); yeilds action; requires fine deliberation about what promotes living well in general for all human beings; knowing what is best for the advancement of self; requires the blending of moral and intelectual thought
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Nicomachean Ethics
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dileberation
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can only dileberate about what admits to change (craft and prudence) not about what cannot change (understanding and science)
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Nicomachean Ethics
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charecter
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(ethos) is defined by ones prudence
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Nicomachean Ethics
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wisdom
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the product of understanding (nous) and Science (episteme);is the right thind to do not because it is expedient; is most in accord with the right virtue; requires prudence
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Nicomachean Ethics
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Difference b/t prudence and virtue
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prudane- makes us achieve the thing that promotes the end
Virtue- the action that makes us achieve the end |
Nicomachean Ethics
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3 kinds of knowledge
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technical, practicle
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Nicomachean Ethics
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zoon politikon
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"the political animal"; expresses the idean that man is a social being; expressis Aristotles' belief that no one choses to live with out friends
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Nicomachean Ethics
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arete
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what is good for human kind; virtue and excellence
2 kinds 1) ethical 2) intelectual |
Nicomachean Ethics
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ethical/moral virtue
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the mean or middle between the excessive vice and the defiecient vice
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Nicomachean Ethics
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3 possibilities for the happy life
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1) pleasure (etone)
2) honor, responsibility, social recognition 3)contimplation (theoria) |
Nicomachean Ethics
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Spoudaios
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the appropriate judge to determind what is virtue;is the model of appropriate behavoir
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Nicomachean Ethics
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eudaimonia
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hapiness; virtue is not suffiecient for happiness must be lucky too
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Nicomachean Ethics
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summing up pleasure
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1) many kinds of pleasure-no uniform theory
2)value of pleasure depends on the activity 3)pleasure is not the aim or the end(the end is what is aimed for-think action) but pleasure does complete the activity 4)pleasure is NOT the good 5)there are unhealthy and false pleasures 6)morally healthy person is judge of what is good or pleasureable 7)requirs education in what is virtous and what the right pleasures are |
Nicomachean Ethics
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Socratic method
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technique used by Socrates and his followers; finding answer or defining by testing a hypotheses with argument and questioning
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rhetoric
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art of persuasion used by Socrates and his followers
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parabasis
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charecteristic features of old comedy; a long choral passsage both recited and sung directly adressing the audience representing view of the poet
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ethus
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the art of living well, "the good"
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Nicomachean Ethics
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philia
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friendship
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Nicolmachean Ethics
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3 kinds of personal friendship
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utility
pleasure complete |
Nicomachean Ethics
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utility
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according to Aristotle a type of friendship; only friends to gain "some good" from each other; based on material advantage; may even be unpleasant; only lasts as long as the need is present and is being fulfilled
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Nicomachean Ethics
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pleasure
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according to aristotle a type of friendship;most prevelent among young people; friendship exists because the two gain pleasure from one and other; is quick to start and quick to end because people's feelings can change quickly
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Nicolmachean Ethics
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complete
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according to aristotle a type of friendship; can only be had between good people; b/c good people are good for the sake of being good and wish the same for their friends; this results in friends pleasing one and other and giving good things to one another; is the most enduring b/c it has all qualities that friends must have (utility, pleasure, but only b/c good for the sake of being good)
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Nicomachean Ethics
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3 kinds of friendship in the community
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best worst
1) kingship---------tyranny 2) aristocracy------oligarchy 3) timocracy--------democracy (least of the bad) |
Nicomachean Ethics
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reasons for having friends
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1)one who wishes good to his/her friends
2)one who wishes his friends to live [well] 3)one who [enjoys] spending time w/ his friends 4)friends make similar choices 5)one who shares friend's joys and sorrows |
Nicomachean Ethics
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polutropus
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multi-faceted; seen in Odysseus in Philoctetes; hero loyal to country and manipulating villian in treetment of Philoctetes
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Philoctetes
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panouragos
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doing everythin, both good and bad; ambiguity b/t doing what is right and compromise; doing WHATEVER it takes to get the job done; can be dangerous makes good men (Neoptalimus) too ambitious and cross boundries
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Philoctetes
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"if the goal is fine and praiseworthy, cleverness is good; if it is base, cleverness is unscroupulous"
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the goal justifies the means; got to do what you got to do; possibly from Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics (IDK!)
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NO HINT FOR YOU...figure it out!
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Philoctetes
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A Charecter in Sophocles' Philoctetes; recieved the bow and arrows (that cannot miss and kill on impact) from Hercules and a snake bite that will never heal from a mystical snake; abandoend by the Greek army on their way to Troy "for licking his wounds and flashing them around like decorations"; so bitter and angry with the Greek army that her refuses to help them win the Trojan War with his bow until Hercules himself tells him to forget the past
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Philoctetes
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Neoptolemus
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a charecter from Sophocles' Philoctetes; son of Achilles; conflicted with the idea that in order to be loyal to Greece he must be manipulating and decietful in order to get Philoctetes' bow; lead by his moral scruples to be honest
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Philoctetes
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Hercules
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the Machina of Philoctetes; convinces Philoctetes to forget the mistreatment he recieved from his fellow Greeks and to help them win the Trojan war
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Philoctetes
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Odysseus
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in Philoctetes decietful and manipulating; holds the idea that one must do whatever it takes to get the job done whether it is right or wrong; tries to convince Neoptolemus that he has a lifetime left to do the right thing and lieing to Philoctetes is a once only act so its ok
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Philoctetes
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Asclepius
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doctor in Troy who will heal Philoctetes' snake bite
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Philoctetes
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specialization
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according to Socrates each citizen of the polis must perform a certain task that he is best suited for
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The Republic
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aristocracy
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according to socrates in The Republic the best form of government; litterally means "rule of the best"; the just city is an aristocracy; does not mean that rule is hereditary but depends on which of the gaurdiands is best fit to rule
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The Republic
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timocracy
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the form of government where life is concerned with gaining honor and social status; first of inferior forms of politeia; forms because children think that "good" behavoir is not good for the sake of being good (like in an aristocracy) but for the sake of reputation
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The Republic
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oligarchy
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second of the inferior forms of government; literally means "the rule of the few" but is percieved as meanding "rule of the wealthy";form of government where citizens act in ways that will allow them to aquire wealth; values such things as hard work and thrift; good is not good for own sake or for the sake of honor but for the sake of aquiring wealth
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The Republic
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democracy
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third of the inferior forms of government;"rule of the people"; acording to Plato "rule of ignorance" everyone is obsessed with equality but Plato says it is impossible because all people are not on the same level; leads to chaos because there is no supreme rule to keep order
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The Republic
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Tyranny
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worst form of government;government by a dictator; forms because the chaos of democracy allows for one to step in and inforce only his beliefs in order to restore order;all are subordinate to one man who seeks to better self and not polis
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The Republic
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guardians
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in Plato's Republic the best individuals to rule the polis; must go through extensive education and live in the public eye with no individual possession to corrupt them; they are the models for the polis and ensure that it remains in accordance with what allows for justice
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The Republic
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philosopfer king
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according to plato a city can only be just if ruled by a king who is also as wise as a philosoper and "who loves the truth"
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The Republic
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Socrates
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the leader of the republic believes that justice can only be found in his perfect city and can only come from doing the right thing; according to socrates the just are the happiest of all people
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The Republic
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Glaucon
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a close friend to Socrates; his closest and most loyal deciple; he agrees, for the sake of argument to appose Socrates during the search for justice; represents conventional thought
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The Republic
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allegory of the cave
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the prisoners represent the common man; the shaddows are the things which the common man percieve to be real (what society and ignorance of the true forms dictate to men to believe); the philosopher is he who is freed from the bonds of the common man and is dragged to the fire (although this is painful for him) he sees that everything he though was real was just a shadow of the true forms created by the light (or truth of the fire)
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The Republic
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analagy of the sun
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until the philosopher leaves the cave and sees the sun he will have no understanding of the form of the good; the sun represents the good because it is hidden from the sight of the common man (emprissoned in the cave) and must take time to realize and adapt to; to the common,or ignorant man, the good may seem to be ridiculous just as one recovering from the blinding sun my apear to be blind; also he who sees the sun realizes that it is the cause of all around him just as the good is the greatest of all forms
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The Republic
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the line is divided...
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into two equatl halves
1) the visible relm 2) inteligible relm |
The Republic
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visible relm
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can be grasped with senses; the prisoners in the cave live in the visible relm
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The Republic
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intelegible relm
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can only by grasped by the mind; is reached when one leave the cave and is exposed to daylight
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The Republic
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eikasia
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lowest relm in the relm of the visible-the relm of imagination (the bound prisoners and the shadow)
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The Republic
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pistus
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the second relm in the relm of the visible;relm of belief(when prisoner frees self from locks and views the statues)
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The Republic
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dianoia
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relm of reasoning and math (can reason about forms but not in a purely abstract way)
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The Republic
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noesis
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the final relm of understanding the form of the good can only be reached by the philosopher king; when man is finally able to see the sun
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The Republic
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Adeimantus
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source of poetry and literature in the discussion of justice; declines Socrates offer to let him lead the debate; has trouble understading Socrates' idea about the narrative style
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The Republic
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Cephalus
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the elderly father of Polermarchus; it is in his home that the dialog is held; Socrates respects his wisdome and age and asks him about the virtuous life; expresses idea that justice is paying ones debt
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The Republic
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Polemarchus
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invites Socrates to his home in order to enjoy his teachings; respects the beliefs of his father and tries to defend them as best as possible; he explains that cephalus idea about justice being paying ones debts really means giving each man what he deserves; he accuses Socrates of being lazy and questioning everyone else rather then defineing his own ideas; this starts the search for justice
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The Republic
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Thrasymachus
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A loud, rude, and stubborn man, explosivley interupts argument about what justice is but refuses to give his opinion w/o pay; he believes that justice is the interest of the stronger and designed by those in power
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The Republic
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