Greek Art History Vocab

Front 1

Harmodius

Back 1

One of the aristocrats that attacks Hipparchos (tyrant) by jumping out of a tree but dies

Front 2

Aristogeiton

Back 2

The other aristocrat that attacks Hipparchos

Front 3

Hipparchos (Peisistratid)

Back 3

The tyrant that is attacked; slighted Harmodius's sister so was attacked in revenge

Front 4

Pederasty

Back 4

Love of an older man and a younger man

Front 5

Erastes

Back 5

"the lover" older gentleman in pederasty

Front 6

Eromenos

Back 6

"the loved" younger man in pederasty

Front 7

Ganymede

Back 7

Prince of Trojan Family, shepard, raptured by Zeus

Cup-bearer of the gods

Front 8

Intercrural Sex

Back 8

Sex within the thighs

Front 9

Psykter

Back 9

Wine cooler that bobbed up and down in the wine

Front 10

Olympic Games

Back 10

Games for Zeus every year

Front 11

Olympiads

Back 11

Local times; Set the local time by following the olympics which happened every 4 years

Front 12

Elis

Back 12

Rural sanctuary: City of Elis takes care of the grounds, task usually given to a rich family.

Front 13

Chrysselephatine

Back 13

Statues made of gold and ivory; favorite among cults

Front 14

Nike

Back 14

Greek godess of victory

Front 15

Pelops

Back 15

An ancient chairoteer that wanted to be with Hippodamia and had to compete in chariot race

Front 16

Onimaos

Back 16

King of neighboring city that challanged Pelops to a chariot race with enchanted horses

Front 17

Hippodamia

Back 17

Daughter of Onimaos, to marry Pylops he had to win the chariot race

Front 18

Myrtilos

Back 18

Substituted the axel of the kings chariot with wax instead of metal so the king died

Front 19

Centauromachy

Back 19

Battle of Lapiths and Centaurs

Large wedding that the centaurs weren't invited to so they attack and steal the women away

Front 20

Achaemenid Dynasty

Back 20

Ruling family of the Persian Empire

Front 21

Cyrus II

Back 21

559-530

Cyrus the great; first to expand out of homeland

Front 22

Darius I

Back 22

521-486

Invades Greece in 490

Front 23

Xerxes I

Back 23

485-465

Son of Darius; Destroys Athens, defeated in Naval battle (Salamis)

Front 24

Darius III

Back 24

335-330

Defeated by Alexander the Great

Front 25

Zoroaster

(Zarathustra)

Back 25

Prophet that created the zorasta (holy book); Preached that there was a good and evil in the universe; people are inherently good

Front 26

Ahuromazda

Back 26

"Good Spirit" the god of Zoroaster, the good, fights the bad (moral duality), monotheistic

Front 27

Media/Medes

Back 27

In charge of everything; Medes vs Persians. Persians keep the Medes, place of high honor; aristocrats of the empire

Front 28

Persepolis

Back 28

Persian city - biggest persian palace; origin

Front 29

Pasargade

Back 29

royal palace of Cyrus with his victory

Front 30

Susa

Back 30

Very ancient city; important in ancient times for food growing

Front 31

Ecbatana

Back 31

Ruling palace of the medes

Front 32

Pasargadae

Back 32

The capital of the Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great

Front 33

"Fire Worship"

Back 33

manifestation of good and cleansing

Front 34

Exposure

Back 34

Leave a dead body out in a sacred place with nature; vultures eat the dead

Front 35

cenotaph

Back 35

Towered building left out on sacred ground; Not buried in this tower but used as a memorial to the person

Front 36

Apadana

Back 36

Eye-catching room filled with columns; Reception room of the palace

Front 37

Fravashi

Back 37

Kingly figure rising out of a circle on the wings of Ra

orb-sun-fire-cleanse

Front 38

Rhyton

Back 38

Drinking horn

Front 39

Polykeitos

Back 39

Best sculpture with beauty and style

Front 40

Doryphoros

Back 40

(Spearbearer)

Original statue that sets canon for future style

Front 41

Canon

Back 41

Set of rule for style ( a norm)

Front 42

Contrapposto

Back 42

Weight distributed evenly on one leg with shoulders and hip tilted

Front 43

Aesthetics

Back 43

A formal system and theory of beauty and the interpretation of the mirrored

Front 44

Symmetria

Back 44

Mirrored image (radial or axial) and expands out (balancing of components)

Front 45

Thythmos

Back 45

Rhythm; an affect of emotion in a repeated way (moving/not)

Front 46

Kosmos

Back 46

Order; Using an "x" as a way of balance; Right way to display human proportion (mathematic order)

Front 47

Harmonia

Back 47

Harmony; Things going together well that are not supposed to go together (walking/standing still)

Front 48

Acropolis

Back 48

Ancient Mycenean citadel on a huge rock; Town dedicated to Athena; "high city"; State treasury

Front 49

Parthenon

Back 49

Temple to Athena Parthenos; main building on Acropolis

Front 50

Nike Bastion

Back 50

Godess of victory on military defensive wall

Front 51

Propylon

Back 51

The front gate

Front 52

Erechtheion

Back 52

Ionic-ish temple; held sacred implements and honored hero cults of Athens

Front 53

Theatre of Dionysos

Back 53

Sacred of Dionysos; Where great tragedies and comedies and comedies were performed

Front 54

Athena Promachos

Back 54

Winner Athena, good at war; big statue

Front 55

Athena Parthenos

Back 55

Virgin, Strategy; Parthenon dedicated to this one

Front 56

Hekatompedon

Back 56

100 foot temple, temple to Athena in the middle of the Acropolis; Was its own space before a new temple; never built over

Front 57

Optical Refinements

Back 57

Remedy deficiencies of optical distortions

Front 58

Curvature

Back 58

The podium is curved 3-4' from the edges to the middle; columns push in, entablature pushes out

Front 59

Entasis

Back 59

Tapering a column to the top; from the archaic times; very subtle in the Parthenon

Front 60

"Corner Crisis"

Back 60

Triglyph pushed to the corners so there isn't an open space; corner column is bigger

Front 61

Tension

Back 61

Pulling apart; located between the columns where it is not held up

Front 62

Compression

Back 62

Force channeled by pressure downwards; stone is strong enough; straight line down the columns (stronger at bottom)

Front 63

Panathanaic Procession

Back 63

All of Athens gathers for a celebration every 4 years to give thanks to Athena

Front 64

Piraues

Back 64

City harbor of Athens

Front 65

Agora

Back 65

Actual center of town; "open space"; religious and political center

Front 66

Sacred Way

Back 66

Goes to Dimeter worship temple through cemetary

Front 67

Kerameikos

Back 67

Cemetary; "ceramic place"; decorated with large ceramic pots

Front 68

Dipylon Gate

Back 68

"two post" gate; 2 major highways come into town ceremonial gate

Front 69

Long Walls

Back 69

walled-in long road from Athens to Piraeus; main thing attacked

Front 70

Eridanus River

Back 70

Runs through kerameikos as a fresh water source

Front 71

Street of tombs

Back 71

secondary road from sacred way that has the biggest cemetary

Front 72

Sacred Gate

Back 72

Only opened on parade days for travel

Front 73

Pompeion

Back 73

"parade building" - stored sacred objects used in parades and religious ceremonies

Front 74

Polygonal Masonry

Back 74

Irregular shaped stones stacked up

Front 75

Bevelling

Back 75

Completely decorative, costly, accentuates the seam work at certain times of days

Front 76

Cippus

Back 76

Ceremonial cylinder tombstone used on graves with divited tops (oldest and cheapest)

Front 77

Steele

Back 77

Slab of carved stone with text and image (grave stone); more expensive, family grouping

Front 78

Amphora

Back 78

Storage vessel; oval rounded body, round head, two arms- associated with women

Front 79

Hydria

Back 79

Holds water;like amphora but with spout

Front 80

krater

Back 80

bell, volute, calyx; punch bowl

Front 81

Oinochoe

Back 81

wine pitcher for small parties

Front 82

kylix

Back 82

nice cups for wine for MEN that are on a post

Front 83

skyphos

Back 83

a simple cup

Front 84

lekythos

Back 84

tall, thin pitcher (contained oils and scents) wedding/funerals of women

Front 85

aryballos

Back 85

holds ungents and atars; oils and water perfumes

Front 86

Pyxis

Back 86

container with lid; held jewelry and cosmetics for women

Front 87

Horror Vacui

Back 87

Fear of open space

Front 88

MainlandGreece

Back 88

Doric

Front 89

Ionia

Back 89

Sea-side greece of asia minor

Front 90

polis government/colony

Back 90

Sending small colonies out for opportunities and material gathering

Front 91

Kingship

Back 91

power delegated to one person (tyranus)

Front 92

oligarchy

Back 92

ruled by a small group of wealthy

Front 93

democracy

Back 93

ruled by the people

Front 94

rosette

Back 94

floral form used to fill up space

Front 95

animal style

Back 95

real animals drawn out

Front 96

Orientalizing

Back 96

Interest in Eastern aesthetic to domesticate other cultures into your own

Front 97

Registered composition

Back 97

Stacking of horizontal band

Front 98

Heralic symmetry

Back 98

protective form of the animals mirroring one another

Front 99

black figure painting

Back 99

sillhouette is first, paint over with more colors, pick away to reveal black

Front 100

Corinthian Ware

Back 100

Clay come from Corinth - clay is yellow when molded and fired; yellow-wares

Front 101

Agalma

Back 101

A gift of beauty usually given to a god

Front 102

Arete

Back 102

Your worth or manliness in light of your body

Front 103

Polytheism

Back 103

Multiple powers trying to rule; omnipresent (not omnipotent); gods act and look like humans

Front 104

Daedalic Style

Back 104

Egyptianizing, hand over heart, modest style, tight belt; common carving style

Front 105

Daedalos

Back 105

Greek archatect that built the labrynth; patron "saint" of sculpting; "first sculpture of all"

Front 106

Cella

Back 106

Acult chamber

Front 107

Stoa

Back 107

Open-faced roofed collumnade; treasury columns that displayed agalma

Front 108

sacrifice

Back 108

blood-letting of an animal; free meal for town

Front 109

Pilgrimage

Back 109

groups of people who travel to many of the sanctuaries for advice

Front 110

processional

Back 110

part of sacred way to the temple past big statues; priest and sacrifice animals travel this

Front 111

votive objects

Back 111

pieces dedicated to a god and worshiped

Front 112

Naos

Back 112

Cella; cult chamber reserved for a god; can look in but not enter

Front 113

Pronaos

Back 113

porch that separates in and out; in front of the naos

Front 114

frieze

Back 114

art/sculptural relief that runs near the ceiling

Doric- Triglyph and metope

Ionic - continuous

Front 115

lintel

Back 115

spanning agent of post and lentil arch system

Front 116

Pediment

Back 116

Sloping top and lentil form a triangle at the roof; face the east and west

Front 117

Metopes

Back 117

Square blocks of terracotta that ran along the side of the building; on a frieze

Front 118

gorgoneion

Back 118

protective piece featuring the head of medusa

Front 119

Persepolis

Back 119

Capital of Persia

Front 120

Peisistratids

Back 120

(575-510 bce) Sequence of kings; Peisistratos > Hipparchos > Hippas;

birthplace of democracy after they lose

Front 121

Peristyle

Back 121

Columns around; colonnade around outside of temple

Front 122

Opisthodomos

Back 122

Treasury chamber at the back of a temple to balance porch

Front 123

Adyton

Back 123

Shrine/chapel (sub-space for god)

Front 124

Peripteral

Back 124

Temple has a wing all the way around it; walking space

Front 125

Diperteral

Back 125

2 rows

Front 126

Doric

Back 126

Simple, blocky columns; masculine, heavy set, short and stocky; mainland

Front 127

Ionic

Back 127

Decorative, fancy columns; feminine, fancy, ornamental, tall and thin; greek islands

Front 128

order

Back 128

mathematical design rules that lay out variations within a set limit

Front 129

podium

Back 129

lowest part of a temple; foundation

Front 130

stereobate

Back 130

all around; entire base of large steps

Front 131

stylobate

Back 131

top step of podium; where you walk and what the columns sit on

Front 132

base

Back 132

bottom of column; doric may not have base but still counts

Front 133

Shaft

Back 133

Stacked stones (drum) or monolith (1 piece); fluting carves into the shaft doric), fillet (ribbon) has flat edge (ionic)

Front 134

Capital

Back 134

doric is a bowl; ionic is volutes (scroll work down)

Front 135

Entablature

Back 135

Top of the building; flat, table-like top

Front 136

Architrave

Back 136

flat arch; lentil;air underneath; empty except ionic has molding

Front 137

Acroterion

Back 137

Statue on the pediment; roofline feature, mainly terracotta

Front 138

Column Styles

Back 138

octostyle- 8 columns on short end

hexastyle - 6 columns

Tetrastyle - 3 columns

Front 139

Oracle of Apollo

Back 139

Strategic location in Delphi; high-minded questionsof a group that follows state and political actions

Front 140

oracle

Back 140

words of the gods; place where the gods' words come to the priest

Front 141

sybil

Back 141

particular priestess; be illiterate, there for 3 months; delivers the message of the gods through themselves
Pythia (python woman; speaks in tongues)

Front 142

Omphalos

Back 142

the belly button of the world

Front 143

Kouros

Back 143

Male youth; standing nude

Front 144

Kore

Back 144

female youth; standing clothed

Front 145

Poikilia

Back 145

Variety; variationsintehdetail to create a special sense of beauty

Front 146

Bilingual VAses

Back 146

two language - red and black figure

Front 147

Red figure

Back 147

Painting the negative space, makes figures red instead of black