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27 Cards in this Set
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Definition of Myth
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A traditional Greek or ROman usually originating in a pre-literate society, dealing with supernatural beings, ancestors, or heroes that serve as primordial types in a view of the world.
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Theogony
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birth of the Gods
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Examples of asexual procreation
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the birth of:
Pontos (Gaia) Aphrodite (Kronos' genitals and sea foam) Hephaistos (Hera) |
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Examples of sexual procreation
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the birth of:
Titans children of Zeus (specific eg: birth of Artemis and Apollo) |
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Maia
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A nymph who gives birth to Hermes after sleeping with Zeus
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Alcmene
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A mortal who gives birth to Herakles after sleeping with Zeus
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Zeus' strategies for keeping his power
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1. Punishing rebels - Prometheus
2. Fathering girls - Athena 3. Mating with lesser females - mortals and nymphs 4. Uses ancestor's enemies and makes them allies |
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Flood Myths and causes
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1. Sumarian=not told why
2. Acadian=too many humans, disturbing the Gods 3. Biblical=man's wickedness 4. Greco-Roman=a means of cleansing |
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Repopulation after flood
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1. Biblical=Noah
2. Greco-Roman=rocks/stones thrown on the ground |
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Golden Age
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mythic primeval era characterized by benevolent nature, peaceful creatures, and no need for trade, agriculture, war or mining
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How did evil enter the world?
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A. an agent causes evil to appear (creation of woman, Pandora)
B. world deteriorates from an original, superior state to an inferior state (the Ages of Man) |
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Types of Shrines
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1. Local shrines=most popular
2. Panhellenic=belongs to all greek speaking people (ex: Oracle at Delphi) |
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apotropaic
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designed to avert or turn away evil (ex: gargoyles)
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collective unconscious
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Carl Jung: the shared associations and memories of all human beings, reflected in the universal recognition of archetypes (eg: the flood myth)
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Ishtar/Astarte
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Babylonian goddess of love and war, whose consort, Tammuz, dies tragically young (linked to Aphrodite and Adonis)
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Peplos
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robe or gown (related to Athena's peplos)
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metopes
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square pannels on the outside of a temple, usually decorated with reliefs
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Greater Dionysia and Lenaea
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Athenian festivals in honor of the god Dionysus which were the occasion for the performances of tragedy and comedy in Athens, competition in which playwrights would enter 3 tragedies and a satyr(comedy) play
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Conventions of Ancient Greek performance
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1. chorus as a character
2. all actors were male, only 3 speaking characters on stage at a time 3. violence all off-stage and reported by a messenger 4. no monologues, use confidantes (exception=craziness) |
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Twins and structuralists
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Twins associated with opposition, one twin the opposite of the other, good and evil. If both twins are the same, one twin is expendable (eg: Romulus and Remus)
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'Reason' triumphing over chaos
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Friedrich Nietzsche, opposes Apollo to Dionysus. Apollo: light, culture, and reason. Dionysus: drunkeness, chaos.
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Iris
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personification of rainbow
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Argus
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Guardian of Io, has 100 eyes, Hermes uses wand to put Argus to sleep, while he's asleep, Hermes kills him.
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Argeiphontes
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Epithet of Hermes for slaying Argus, translates as 'slayer of Argus'
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liminal deity
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A God or Goddess associated with boundaries (eg: Hermes)
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Hermes Trismegistus
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'Hermes Thrice-Great' - a late Greco-Roman version of the Egyptian god Thoth, not connected to the classical cult of Hermes.
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Hermeneutics
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Science and methodology of interpretation, especially interpretation of sacred texts
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