Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
someone who had a cult, and shrine
-shrine has an enterance along with this persons thomb -thoms were made in mounds |
Heros
|
|
|
heros burried in large mounds
-have a temenos around the thomb of a hero -even though there are heros that arn't mentioned in his poems they are treated like ones |
Homer
|
|
|
try to descrheros as founding father of the city
-allows community to create and identity -find a common ancestor at this polis -ruins of grand thombs of past; first type of mounded earth thombs -8 c. we begin to see ancestor worship |
Heros popular
|
|
|
someone who is immortal
-someone who has good things happen after death -heros are considered amoral -associated with mode of death -wanted to associate powerful form of death -associated with mode of death |
definition of a hero
|
|
|
-would retain strength after death
-major category after death -those who have died of violence -shrine in attica for those who faought in trojan war |
Men as heros
|
|
|
committed suicide
-people though his ghost was haunting the polis -told to start cult to stop haunting |
Ajax
|
|
|
athenians honored all those who died at marathon
-marathon huge deal because oracle -huge mound built at marath |
Real Cults of Dead heros
|
|
|
made into a hero after death
-thomstone was nothing to do with being a playwright -was defeated during a plauge during th pelopenisian war -associated with cult brought into athens to stop plauge |
Sohphicles
|
|
|
was a great boxer
-at olympic games he was exiled -goes to hometown and goes to school and breaks pillars and kills childeren at school -looks at himself at temple of athenia -oracle tells people to worship him -was considered hero and be good person |
Cliometes
|
|
|
eighth century production of these
-people offered to make thenm for others |
curse tablets
|
|
|
papry graecae magic
-comes fourth century AD -comes from long variety of religions -big texts handed down from the gen. to gen. -some were egyptian, jewish, christian, mixed with greek -had roman numerals foolowed by lines |
PGM
|
|
|
historical texts
-curse tablets -papryi -even though we have evidence we still have interpretations |
Evidence of Magic
|
|
|
to bind
|
katadien
|
|
|
combining curses
|
katadesmos
|
|
|
latin for binding curses, transfix
-defings on who is casting the spell -nailing refers to fix or bind it -rolling,foldign, and nailing |
Defixio;defixiones
|
|
|
words used of them were meant to be folded
-nails were from ship that was shipwrecked (was more majical) -magic was perserved in the magic papyri -be careful on produciton of curse tablets from papyri tablets -forulai becomes complex, subject matter changes -idea of tablets -basic magic does not change |
curse tablets
|
|
|
tablets were written on lead
-readibly and cheap cause lead seen as cold and heavy relationships between item and curses |
Facts
|
|
|
tablets are divided into formal categoires
(1) I bind 2) prusuasive 3) prayer formulai bind this or that -hermes most associated with curses |
Formal categories
|
|
|
most associated with curse tablets dure to cbinding cthonic forms
|
hermes
|
|
|
comission of the curse
-most curses deposited in the same area -used for personal rivalries -scholars do it themselves and ther is a psychological effect or profesionals do the cursing -creation of the tablet and inscribe it -binding spells deal with tablet and oral along with sacrifice |
Process of cursing
|
|
|
vodoo dolls or images that you bingle or mangle
-mangle and image in effigy -ousia magical mataerial from the person -put tablets where noone goes -in graves in the hands of the restless -dead willl get rest if they cary out curse -put in wells , springs , baths -if curse found the cournter curse can occur |
materials associated with curse tablets
|
|
|
1) want to make sure you are binding the corect person
2)dont get counter cursed 3)social inquires; fear of retrubution |
process associated with cursing
|
|
|
they are intended to restrains and keep something from hapening
|
purpose of curse tablets
|
|
|
major category
-aphrodisiacs= try to gain love -mostly found for wemon -do bind relatoinships of women |
erotic tablets
|
|
|
tablets made that bind sexual actitivity is not clear who the attacker is
-most sugest that men will put spells on women |
Erotic
|
|
|
say court names
-use leagal names i.e. adversayr -have mix of deep personal spite; defaming another persons family name -tablets start to be use for theature -arena has been changes |
court case binding
|
|
|
business rivals
-some political overtone -people identified by their trade -some deal with slander and other categories |
business curses
|
|
|
dont course someone who has allready beaten you
-one who seeks to bind rival has an unfair advantage -restrain lover rival by cursing certain body part -binder procts him or herself from future unfair advangages -some binders fell like thy have no choice |
commonalities of curse tablets
|
|
|
stone or gem that have written inscriptions
-put curse on thin sheet of metal |
Amulets
|
|
|
-seen as amulets are taking steps protecting from curses
-prevelens of one to another magic vs cournter magic |
perophe
|
|
|
longer written
-charekteres -astrological symbols -depictions of people being bound |
older tablets
|
|
|
letter set of scred words that occur in early curse tablets
-occur prfolictic amulets or protective amulets |
epesia grammatica/ ephesian leeters
|
|
|
psychological affect
-self help type of world mind over matter -extremely face to vface society -gossip spreads easily -we are not asking to kill others buyt the ability to perform |
major avenue
|
|
|
mound or grave to the hero who relates to the first charriot race
-scarerer for horses -public failure will get story of modern curse -you would course yourself to crash at chariot races use as excuse -gives the curser confidence |
taraxippos
|
|
|
public perception
-intnse -suicide intensity -constantly dramaticizing yourself -leads to lying -low grade lies to protect your family from the exterior -tablets use to stiefel people from criticism |
mediteranean culture
|
|
|
-people are talking about you
-klos good reputation; translated as (Glory) -protect yourself from the negative -time, honer, price, value, worth, placed on you by others -everyone is in competition for goods |
Illiad
|
|
|
young women are most vulnerable to be talked about
-fathers and brothers are to protect sisters, daughters, and wives -abductions of helen first sign of protection -men married at old age and women mary younger -have to be aristrocratic, pursuasive, bequel opponents anger, along with using charm and charisma |
Winkler article
|
|
|
an ailment
eros was originally a god of love -an infliction sent by arrows -physical symptoms, fever,sweating, -seen as coming from the outside -the only care for eros is to get curse the beloved -madness is action that violates or opposite of social norm -eros is a force that forces people to act out of the norm -eros caused by female body |
A cure for love
|
|
|
cause someone restlessness and draw them to them
-need to use a piece of beloveds, nail or hair -occurs at midnight on top of roof -litterary sources -symythia draws lover towards her -PGM IV -have five lead tablets with agoge type spells -mix wax or clay and make a male or female figure -talk female hair and attach piece of hair, nail, etc |
Agoge
|
|
|
image of man striking down on famles colarbone; reperesents odyssius and circe
-male figures not found -femal figure found on knees with needles inserted -take 13 copper needles incert them into body part you want cursed -agaoge speels have egyptian elements to them -identify people by therer mothers name |
Agoge cont'd.
|
|
|
men in mediteranean dealt with threats of eros
-this is a womans fault; a counter spell and last act against a womans speel -violence is a transferel of anger on the women -dont intend to last indefinately; only until the womancomes to her lover |
EROS
|
|
|
man has to covince the god or godess that the cursed is truly wrong or deserves to be cursed
-magic is stronger at night; transference of dream world -world of erotic fantasy overlaps with erotic majoc and erotic dreams -wrinkler sees infractor as an erotic fantasy -people thought they worked; psychological factors; gicves people relief to stab needles into dolls -people use magic as a social excuse |
Eros cont'd
|
|
|
liturature shows women as practitioners
-in the tablets it shows the men cursing the women -women did use tablets but in lower numbers |
men casting spells over women
|
|
|
practical world of greece
- is it same as roman egypt - analysis on classic texts -where is the proof who is casting the spells -some oeman were alrady maried -some of these women are sexually active |
problems
|
|
|
scholars say that ther was women who were sexually active and sexually available
-wrinlers onterpretations counteracts with his arguments -some involved were prostittes and young men' -comon factor of curse tablets and putting people to sleep -casting spells come from a nightime fantasy; magic done at night time -we have to be carefull interpreting the world of erotic magic |
problems contd
|
|
|
both men an woman participate
-otiment used by women to keep men from cheating -oitment used by men to ncrease sexual desire (viagra) |
other forms of erotic magic
|
|
|
-horse madness
-is an aphrodesiac -female horse is more sexual desire -subsance horses described -mother chews off gland of newborn at birth |
Ahrodisiacs
|
|
|
associated with withces ability to control the moon
-moon associated with womens reproduction cycle |
drawing of the moon
|
|
|
can draw women by soft fruit
-throw soft fruit at women -hera recieves golden apples from zues that resembles marrige -golden apple start of trojan war -myth that woman to fast man throws apples |
soft fruit charms
|
|
|
hades slops perspone a frut with red seeds; represents, blood, death, fertility
|
palmagramit
|
|
|
a wryneck bird and associated with insane movements and greeks thought it was a mating dance and cry that is atractive
-nymph who was transformed into bird mother was piertho= pursuasion |
Iunx
|
|
|
fifth century BC gives wheel to seduce god
-disk that spins with rope -makes hmm that is pursuasive -depictions of whells in churches represent voices of the divine -appallow refered to ampiamplos -symatia uses this |
Iunx contd
|
|
|
the bull roarer
-thin piece of wood on a string and hureled; makes funny noise -use to atract people |
rhombus
|
|
|
primary sources
-get idea from magical activities -greek litureature depicts women -hard evidence sugests that they are men -where no such thing as witches -whatever topic there are literary acounts and hard evidnce |
1) have to be careful
|
|
|
wrinkler interpretations is not only interpretations
-our explanations cannot be right or wrong |
2) hav to recognize we can only go so far
|
|
|
prophecy of the dead; pasage from the odyssey refered to as the nukia
|
nekrumantia
|
|
|
a descent;by extension; a descent by a living a person into the underworld
|
katabasis
|
|
|
influence of homers poems
-did homer create necromancy -ogdon wants to know why we dont use necromancy -no real consistant view of how people die -if you want to find ghost look at the thomb or area wher they died |
necromancy
|
|
|
evokes the dead
-close to bringing them up to the earth |
Tiresius
|
|
|
appears to odysius
-wants to be burried -telss hom how to do it -called to serve for answers to the future -closely associated with the devine -how do dead tell people how to act -if we were going to call them we need to send them back -unreasonable to ask them knowledge if they dont know -tiresius still prophet of the underworld |
elpenor
|
|
|
periander ask melisa (Ghost) for burried treasure
periander has woman strip to and burns them to grant melisa's wish -periander asks ghost what she did in life -melisa indicates that she was not burried properly -melissa=bee= also bersephone cult -honey may have used -there was a place where people performed -first real evidence |
herodutus on periander
|
|
|
river runs through ionia
-ithica birthplace of odyssius -homer says that there are a local tribe living near archean river -rivers meet -homer mentions zues oracle at dedorai -hermes takes dead back to underworld past with rock or leukas -some parts of homers entrance to underworld inspired by the sperotia -homers odyssey may be posible because two sntuarys are there -homer did not say his entrance is there but uses geographical referecne -major gods of area of death is Hades and Persephone -orphius refered to going to thesperotia -nukromentia has been escovated |
Asheron river/ Homer
|
|
|
description of prphetic
-if you dont believe evocate me |
archeological evidence
|
|
|
common area of dead
-plain of troy -greeks made offering on the field -most experiences of the dad come from dreams -necromancy = seing people in dreams -restless dead, nero dead, -necromancy takes place at the thomb |
Battlefields
|
|
|
a place for prophecy of the dead
|
nukromantian
|
|
|
a place for prophecy of the dead
|
psuchomanteion
|
|
|
a place to smmon up the dead; system for drawing up life, water pipe
|
psuchagageion
|
|
|
evocator sumoner of the dead
|
psuchagogos/oi
|
|
|
surrounded by trees and grooves described in homers oddesy
-nekyomanteion ascavated and herodutus poem was geographicly real -found ancient pottery -although area fits with the oddysey it looks exactly like our sources described it |
aheron river
|
|
|
first steep is walk throught hall and enter
-first part of the rooms to purify yourself -after purifacations; sacrifice animals and keep animals blood -go into labyrinth area that represents the underworld -then underground is where necromantic expierence occurs -priests would manipulate your experience -some argue tht its a fortified farm house -farming equipment found durring excavation -objects of persephone in necromanteion -people gathored objects of persephanie during siege - |
nekromanteion
|
|
|
main reason for seeing ghost is for appeasment
|
tianaron/heraklia
|
|
|
on source says that this necromantion uses kabatasas
-this discription is very close to a necromantion; but also could be used as a thomb -literary source says it exists but cannot be sure |
Herakleia
|
|
|
says place is aawkeward because of 3 headed dogs
-suposedly sanctuary of posiedon -only conection is literar source -associated with tettix or cicada -hero created to give idea above -very pathtic cave, but could be symbolic -north up the coast are caves of deru -greeks are very symbolic |
tainaron necromantian
|
|
|
a lot of volcanic activity
|
necromantion at avernus
|
|
|
books of prophecy
-books became roman religion -heros associated with these places |
the sybyl of phropitus
|
|
|
sources say that a necromanteion near a volcanic creater
-volocures gude you though the necromantic process -this is closely related to odysius' travel to the underworld |
necromantion at avernous
|
|
|
acheron river
-avernus lake is associated with the avernous lake -fifth century we have a long history the greeks colonize this area |
needs
|
|
|
lave avernus: in current itally on odyssius necromancy with elpenor
|
tairanion
|
|
|
the syby voice that guides aneius to the underworld
-necromancy occured in cave avernous -cabes wre creatd by romans |
caves of avernous
|
|
|
acherons and avernus are not the true sanctuary
-hieraklia and tianeron; based on caves and kabatasas -real places are less fantastic |
upshot
|
|
|
evidence is not clear
-literary referecnces to sanctuaries -negatively influenced by necromancy -necromancy was fit for greek thinking -wild romantic terms of necromancy -necromancy is not call up with the dead -considered dangerous -other stories have negatice conotations -one way to expierience the dead is imagination -incubation find ghosts through dreams -healing is most comon way in incubation |
evidence
|
|
|
became popular after the late century
-mortal son of appallo -was so good that esclipeus would bring people from the dead -zues blasted asclepius with bolt an dkilled becaus of raising dead sanctuary of spas - healing incubations -abaton: not to ntered by those who have not particiaped by the ritual -many writhings about cures -surgeries were also common in asculplus -drugs were also common in the process of incubation -thymele: round building were ascuplius was killed by zues -music and athletic competitions were held at a theature for ascepulus |
sanctuary of Ascelpius at epidaurus
|
|
|
build temple of appolo and treasy buried there
-got caught trying to escape at treasury -trophonius cut brothers head off and he was swalloed up from the ground |
trophonius
|
|
|
amparaos prophet
-one of seven protector of thebes -attempted to help oedupus brother to take throne -oedipus curses his two sons and take turns rulling thebes -amphiaraos went with one of oedipus' brother and killed by earh swallling amphiaras whole - the sanctuary was a oracle and also healing cult -known for healing waters, spas, and baths -healing occured through incubation |
amphiaros at orops
|
|
|
both cults do not deal with necromancy
-incubation is used for healing -both shrines are real -eating certain foods, then heal by incubation -necromancy is seen as apeasing the dead -both sanctuaries have stoa for incubation |
upshot to ampiaros at oropos
|
|
|
were for a persons want
-we cant assume that cults offered more than religion -we see mysterie cults be more magic than greek religion -what did cults offor to its initiates |
intitation cults
|
|
|
deal with life after death
-not clear what you are going to get -orphic initators have peopl talking about childish things |
mystery cults
|
|
|
initiators go to the place that represents the after liffe
-did this involve the understanding for the psyke -if you join a cult did it make your underworld life different than commond belief -have little evidence of the mysteries of the mystery cults |
Golden ass
|
|
|
revelation of knowledge that couold help you in the afterlife; but you were subjected to signs, symbols, and expieriences that cannot be expressed in words; deep meaning
- |
change in cults
|
|
|
secret basket that holds sevret objects; in golden ass
|
kiste
|
|
|
things having beeen suffered are things having learned
-initiates saw scary expieriences and it changed them |
pathemta/matemeta
|
|
|
some initiations involves a passion play
-the initiate would go through story of the god -involed mock trip to the underworld |
initiation
|
|
|
had many associations
-associated the civilization -assoicated with the man relationship to the gods -method, rational, sivilization, eptiamy of greeks to be greek |
appollo
|
|
|
know your place on your order you are mortal; try to rise above animals
- |
first phase of of appolo/ know yourself
|
|
|
to excess exual activity, animalo impulses, no excess drinking, think things through
|
nothing in excess/second phase of appollo
|
|
|
associated with the vine
-has many other associations -concieved of in the shape of appollo -Direct inverstion of appalo -vegitation, agricultural god -wine detemer, and him -associated with the sap rising -associated with making and drinking wine |
Dionysus
|
|
|
crush grapes and represent blood wine let you step away from the reality
|
Wine making
|
|
|
thebes owned by casmus has many daughters
-semale most important -zues has affair with semele herra seduces semele sisters to make zues prove himself zues burnhs semele to a crisp showing himself -zues takes baby from semele and nurtures him from zues's thigh -he born 2 -he breaks all rules and should be mortal |
myth of Dionysus
|
|
|
hera sends titans after dionysus
-story with apith dionysus-aagrotheos -zues talks with detemer and persephone -zues in form of snake -dioysus looks at himself in the mirror -titans chase dionysus and shred him and eat him -zues stuck titans with thunderbolt -zues puts pieces of dionysus back together -zues swallows dionysus and has affair |
dionysus' birth
|
|
|
dresses up as woman
-man becomes close to dionysus -pehthius looks in mirror while being dressed -ino hides baby dionysus |
Bachea
|
|
|
main figure in orphic initiation
-torn to shres by woman flowers of dionysus |
Orpheus
|
|
|
tys to hide dionysus by dressing him as a girl
|
Ino
|
|
|
sometimes appears as a man with full beard
-hera makes him go inssane and becomes eye of th storm -hera chases him east -dionysus posses women who become insane -one expirinces him in a group -women become exocit rebel band or thiasos -thiasos say in tact after death -can oly have dionisiac expirience in a group - |
Dionysus
|
