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330 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
testis, testicle pl. testes, testicles
|
primary male sex organs, paired, oval shaped & enclosed in a sac called the scrotom. Produce spermatozoa & the hormone testosterone
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sperm (spermatozoon pl spermatozoa)
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the microscopic male germ cell, which, when united with the ovum, produces a zygote (fertilized egg) that with subsequent development becomes an embryo
|
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testosterone
|
principle male sex hormone. Function: to stimulate the development of the male reproductive organs & secondary sex characteristics such as facial hair
|
|
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seminiferous tubules
|
approx. 900 coiled tubes within the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs
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epididymis
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coiled duct atop each of the testes that provides for storage, transit, & maturation of spermatozoa; continuous with the vas deferens
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vas deferens, ductus deferens, or seminal duct
|
duct carrying the sperm from the epididymis to the urethra. The spermatic cord encloses each vas deferens with nerves, lymphatics, arteries, & veins. (The urethra also connects with the bladder & carries urine outside the body. A circular muscle constricts during intercourse to prevent urination)
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seminal vesicles
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two main glands located at the base of the bladder that open into the vas deferens. Sectrete a thick fluid, which forms part of the semen
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prostate gland
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encircles the upper end of the urethra. Secretes a fluid that aids in the movement of the sperm & ejaculation
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scrotum
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sac suspended on both sides of & just behind the penis. The testes are enclosed in the scrotum
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penis
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male sex organ of urination & copulation (sexual intercourse)
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glans penis
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enlarged tip on the end of the penis
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prepuce
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fold of skin covering the glans penis in uncircumcised males (foreskin of the penis)
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semen
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composed of sperm, seminal fluids & other secretions
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genitalia (genitals)
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reproductive organs (male & female)
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anorchism
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state of absence of testes (unilateral or bilateral)
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balanitis
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inflammation of the glans penis
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balanorrhea
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discharge from the glans penis
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benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
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excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland (nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland)
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cryptochidism
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state of hidden testes (failure of testes to descend from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum before birth) also called 'undescended testicles'
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epididymitis
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inflammation of an epididymis
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orchitis, orchiditis, testitis
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inflammation of the testis
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orchiepididymitis
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inflammation of the testes & epididymis
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prostatitis
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inflammation of the prostate gland
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prostatocystitis
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inflammation of the prostate gland & the bladder
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prostatolith
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stone in the prostate gland
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prostatorrhea
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discharge from the prostate gland
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prostatovesiculitis
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inflammation of the prostate gland & seminal vesicles
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erectile dysfunction
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the inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse (formerly called impotence)
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hydocele
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scrotal swelling caused by a collection of fluid
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phimosis
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a tightness of the prepuce (foreskin of the penis) that prevents its retraction over the glans penis; congenital or a result of balanitis. Treatment: circumcision
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priapism
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persistent abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain & tenderness
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prostate cancer
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cancer of the prostate gland
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testicular cancinoma
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cancer of the testicle
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testicular torsion
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twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testes; often during puberty & with a sudden onset of severe testicular /scrotal pain. B/c of lack of blood flow to the testes, is often considered a surgical emergency
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varicocele
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enlarged veins of the spermatic cord
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balanoplasty
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surgical repair of the glans penis
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epididymectomy
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excision of an epididymis
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orchidopexy, orchiopexy
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surgical fixation of a testicle (performed to bring undescended testicles into the scrotum)
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orchidotomy, orchiotomy
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incision into a testes
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orchioplasty
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surgical repair of a testes
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prostatectomy
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excision of the prostate gland
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prostatocystotomy
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incision into the prostate gland and the bladder
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prostatolithotomy
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incision into the prostate gland to remove a stone
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prostatovesiculectomy
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excision of the prostate gland & seminal vesicles
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vasectomy
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excision of a duct (partial excision of the vas deferens bilaterally, resulting in male sterilization)
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vasovasostomy
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creation of artificial openings btw ducts (the severed ends of the vas deferens are reconnected in an attempt to restore fertility in men who have had a vasectomy)
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vesiculectomy
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excision of the seminal vesicle
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circumcision
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surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin)
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hydrocelectomy
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surgical removal of a hydrocele
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radical prostatectomy (RP)
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excision of the prostate gland with its capsule, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, sometimes pelvis lymph nodes. Performed by a retropubic or perineal approach, or laparoschopically. Used to treat prostate cancer
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suprapubic prostatectomy
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excision of the prostate gland through an abdominal incision made above the pubic bone & through an incision into the bladder. Used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia & prostate cancer. Also called subapubic transvesical prostatectomy
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transurethral incision of the prostate gland (TUIP)
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surgical procedure that widens the urethra by making a few small incisions in the bladder neck & the prostate gland. No prostate tissue is removed. TUIP may be used instead of TURP when the prostate gland is less enlarged
|
|
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transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)
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a treatment that eliminates excess tissue present in benign prostatic hyperplasia by using heat generated by microwave
|
|
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transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)
|
successive pieces of the prostate gland tissue are rescted by using a resectoscope inserted through the urethra. The capsule is left intact; usually performed when the enlarged prostate gland interferes with urination
|
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transrectal ultrasound
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an ultrasound procedure used to diagnose prostate cancer. Sound waves sent/received by a transducer in the form of a probe in the rectum. Sound waves are then transformed into an image of the prostate gland
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prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
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a blood test that measures the lvl of prostate-sp antigen in the blood. Elevated tests results: presence of prostate cancer or excess prostate tissue, as found in benign prostatic hyperplasia
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digital rectal examination (DRE)
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a physical exam in which the physician inserts a finger into the rectum & feels for size/shape of the prostate gland through the rectal wall. Use: screen for BPH & prostate cancer (BPH--uniform nontender enlargement, cancer--stony, hard nodule
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andropathy
|
disease of the male (specific to the male, such as testes)
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aspermia
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condition of without sperm (or semen, or ejaculation)
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oligospermia
|
condition of scanty sperm (in the semen--may contribute to infertility)
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spermatolysis
|
dissolution (destruction) of sperm
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|
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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
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disease that affects the body's immune system, transmitted by exchange of body fluid during the sexual act, reuse of contaminated needles, or receiving cont. blood transfusions (also called acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
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artificial insemination
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introduction of semen into the vagina by artificial means
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chlamydia
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a STD, sometimes refered to as a silent STD bc many ppl are not aware that they have the disease. Symptoms: painful urination & discharge from the penis, or genital itching, vaginal discharge & bleeding btw periods. Causative agent: C. trachomatis
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coitus
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sexual intercourse btw male & female (also called copulation)
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condom
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cover for the penis worn during coitus to prevent conception & the spread of STD
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ejaculation
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ejection of semen from the male urethra
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genital herpes
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STD caused by Herpesvirus hominis type 2 (also called herpes simplex virus)
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gonads
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male & female sex glands
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gonorrhea
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contageous, inflammatory STD caused by a bacterial organism that affects the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system
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heterosexual
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person who is attracted to a member of the opposite sex
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homosexual
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person who is attracted to a member of the same sex
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human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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a type of retrovirus that causes AIDS. Infects T-helper cells of the immune system, allowing for opportunistic infections such as candidiasis, Pneumocystis jiroveci, pneumonia, TB, Kaposi Sarcoma
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human papillomavirus
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a prevelent STD causing benign or cancerous growths in male & female genitals (also called veneral warts)
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orgasm
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climax of sexual stimulation
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prothesis
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an artificial replacement of an absent body part (a penile prothesis may be implanted to treat erectile dysfunction if first-line therapies aren't effective
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puberty
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period when 2ndary sex characteristics develop & the ability to reproduce sexually begins
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sexually transmitted disease (STD)
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diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhea, genital herpes that are transmitted during sexual contact (also called veneral disease and sexually transmitted infection (STI))
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sterilization
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process that renders an individual unable to produce offspring
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syphilis
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chronic infection caused by the bacterium Trepnema pallidum usually transmitted by sexual contact, may be acquired in utero, or through direct contact with infected tissue. If untreated, goes through 3 stages w/ a latent period. Initial local infection quickly becomes systemic w/ widespread dissemination of bacterium
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trichomoniasis
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STD caused by a one-cell organism Trichomonas. Infects the genitourinary tract. Men may be asymptomatic or may develop urethritis, an enlarged prostate gland, or epididymitis. Women have vaginal itching, dysuria & vaginal or urethral discharge
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AIDS
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aquired immunodeficiency syndrome
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BPH
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benign prostatic hyperplasia
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DRE
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digital recal examination
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ED
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erectile dysfunction
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HIV
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human immunodeficiency virus
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HPV
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human papillomavirus
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PSA
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prostate specific antigen
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RP
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radical prostatectomy
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TUIP
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transurethral incision of the prostate
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TUMT
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transurethral microwave therapy
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TURP
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transurethral resection of the prostate
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ovaries
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pair of almond shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity. Egg cells are formed & stored in the ovaries
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ovum pl. ova
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female egg cell
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graafian follicles
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100,000 microscopic sacs that make up a large portion of the ovaries. Each follicle contains an immature ovum. Normally one graafian follicle develops to maturity monthly btw puberty & menopause. It moves to the surface of the ovary & releases the ovum, which passes to the uterine tube
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uterine, or fallopian tubes
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pair of 5 inch tubes, attached to the uterus, that provide a passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus
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fimbria pl fimbriae
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fingerlike projection at the free end of the uterine tube
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uterus
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pear shaped & sized muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity, except during pregnancy when it enlarges & extends up in the abdominal cavity. Its functions are menstration, pregnancy, & labor
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endometrium
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inner lining of the uterus
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myometrium
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muscular middle layer of the uterus
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perimetrium
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outer thin layer that covers the surface of the uterus
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corpus, body
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large central portion of the uterus
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fundus
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rounded upper portion of the uterus
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cervix (Cx)
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narrow lower portion of the uterus
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vagina
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a 3-inch tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body
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hymen
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fold of membrane found near the opening of the vagina
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rectouterine pouch
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pouch btw the posterior wall of the uterus & the anterior wall of the rectum (also called Douglass cul-de-sac)
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Bartholin glands
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pair of mucas producing glands located on each side of the vagina & just above the vaginal opening
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mammary glands, breasts
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milk producing glands of the female. Each breast consists of 15-20 divisions or lobes
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mammary papilla
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breast nipple
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areola
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pigmented area around the breat nipple
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clitoris
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highly erogenous erectile body located anterior to the urethra
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vulva, or extended genitals
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two pairs of lips (labia magor & minora) that suround the vagina
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perineum
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pelvic floor in both fe/male. In females refers to the area btw the vaginal opening and the anus
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amenorrhea
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absence of menstral discharge
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Bartholin adenitis
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inflammation of a Bartholin gland (also called bartholinitis)
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cervicitis
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inflammation of the cervix
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colpitis, vaginitis
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inflammation of the vagina
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dysmenorrhea
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painful menstural discharge
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endocervicitis
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inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix
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endometritis
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inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium)
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hematosalpinx
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blood in the uterine tube
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hydrosalpinx
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water in the uterine tube
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hysteratresia
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closure of the uterus (uterine cavity)
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mastitis
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inflammation of a breast
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menometrorrhagia
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rapid flow of blood from the uterus at menstration ( and btw mentral cycles, increased amount)
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metrorrhagia
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rapid flow of blood from the uterus (btw menstral cycles)
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menorrhagia
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rapid flow of blood at menstruation (increased amount)
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myometritis
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inflammation of the uterine muscle (myometrium)
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oligomenorrhea
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scanty menstrual flow (less often)
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oophoritis
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inflammationof the ovary
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perimetritis
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inflammatio surrounding the uterus (perimetrium)
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pyosalpinx
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pus in the uterine tube
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salpingitis
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inflammation of the uterine tube
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salpingocele
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hernia of the uterine tube
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vulvovaginitis
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inflammation of the vulva & vagina
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adenomyosis
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growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus
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breast cancer
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malignant tumor of the breast
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cervical cancer
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malignant tumor of the cervix, which progresses from the cellular dysplasia to carcinoma. Its cause is linked to human papillomavirus infection
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endometrial cancer
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malignant tumor of the endometrium (also called uretine cancer)
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endometriosis
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abnormal condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus in various areas in the pelvic cavity, including ovaries, uterine tubes, intestines & uterus
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fibrocystic breast disease
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a disorder characterized by one or more benign cysts in the breast
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fibroid tumor
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benign fibroid tumor of the uterine muscle (also called myoma of the uterus or leiomyoma)
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ovarian cancer
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malignant tumor of the ovary
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testis, testicle pl. testes, testicles
|
primary male sex organs, paired, oval shaped & enclosed in a sac called the scrotom. Produce spermatozoa & the hormone testosterone
|
|
|
sperm (spermatozoon pl spermatozoa)
|
the microscopic male germ cell, which, when united with the ovum, produces a zygote (fertilized egg) that with subsequent development becomes an embryo
|
|
|
testosterone
|
principle male sex hormone. Function: to stimulate the development of the male reproductive organs & secondary sex characteristics such as facial hair
|
|
|
seminiferous tubules
|
approx. 900 coiled tubes within the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs
|
|
|
epididymis
|
coiled duct atop each of the testes that provides for storage, transit, & maturation of spermatozoa; continuous with the vas deferens
|
|
|
vas deferens, ductus deferens, or seminal duct
|
duct carrying the sperm from the epididymis to the urethra. The spermatic cord encloses each vas deferens with nerves, lymphatics, arteries, & veins. (The urethra also connects with the bladder & carries urine outside the body. A circular muscle constricts during intercourse to prevent urination)
|
|
|
seminal vesicles
|
two main glands located at the base of the bladder that open into the vas deferens. Sectrete a thick fluid, which forms part of the semen
|
|
|
prostate gland
|
encircles the upper end of the urethra. Secretes a fluid that aids in the movement of the sperm & ejaculation
|
|
|
scrotum
|
sac suspended on both sides of & just behind the penis. The testes are enclosed in the scrotum
|
|
|
penis
|
male sex organ of urination & copulation (sexual intercourse)
|
|
|
glans penis
|
enlarged tip on the end of the penis
|
|
|
prepuce
|
fold of skin covering the glans penis in uncircumcised males (foreskin of the penis)
|
|
|
semen
|
composed of sperm, seminal fluids & other secretions
|
|
|
genitalia (genitals)
|
reproductive organs (male & female)
|
|
|
anorchism
|
state of absence of testes (unilateral or bilateral)
|
|
|
balanitis
|
inflammation of the glans penis
|
|
|
balanorrhea
|
discharge from the glans penis
|
|
|
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
|
excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland (nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland)
|
|
|
cryptochidism
|
state of hidden testes (failure of testes to descend from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum before birth) also called 'undescended testicles'
|
|
|
epididymitis
|
inflammation of an epididymis
|
|
|
orchitis, orchiditis, testitis
|
inflammation of the testis
|
|
|
orchiepididymitis
|
inflammation of the testes & epididymis
|
|
|
prostatitis
|
inflammation of the prostate gland
|
|
|
prostatocystitis
|
inflammation of the prostate gland & the bladder
|
|
|
prostatolith
|
stone in the prostate gland
|
|
|
prostatorrhea
|
discharge from the prostate gland
|
|
|
prostatovesiculitis
|
inflammation of the prostate gland & seminal vesicles
|
|
|
erectile dysfunction
|
the inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse (formerly called impotence)
|
|
|
hydocele
|
scrotal swelling caused by a collection of fluid
|
|
|
phimosis
|
a tightness of the prepuce (foreskin of the penis) that prevents its retraction over the glans penis; congenital or a result of balanitis. Treatment: circumcision
|
|
|
priapism
|
persistent abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain & tenderness
|
|
|
prostate cancer
|
cancer of the prostate gland
|
|
|
testicular cancinoma
|
cancer of the testicle
|
|
|
testicular torsion
|
twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testes; often during puberty & with a sudden onset of severe testicular /scrotal pain. B/c of lack of blood flow to the testes, is often considered a surgical emergency
|
|
|
varicocele
|
enlarged veins of the spermatic cord
|
|
|
balanoplasty
|
surgical repair of the glans penis
|
|
|
epididymectomy
|
excision of an epididymis
|
|
|
orchidopexy, orchiopexy
|
surgical fixation of a testicle (performed to bring undescended testicles into the scrotum)
|
|
|
orchidotomy, orchiotomy
|
incision into a testes
|
|
|
orchioplasty
|
surgical repair of a testes
|
|
|
prostatectomy
|
excision of the prostate gland
|
|
|
prostatocystotomy
|
incision into the prostate gland and the bladder
|
|
|
prostatolithotomy
|
incision into the prostate gland to remove a stone
|
|
|
prostatovesiculectomy
|
excision of the prostate gland & seminal vesicles
|
|
|
vasectomy
|
excision of a duct (partial excision of the vas deferens bilaterally, resulting in male sterilization)
|
|
|
vasovasostomy
|
creation of artificial openings btw ducts (the severed ends of the vas deferens are reconnected in an attempt to restore fertility in men who have had a vasectomy)
|
|
|
vesiculectomy
|
excision of the seminal vesicle
|
|
|
circumcision
|
surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin)
|
|
|
hydrocelectomy
|
surgical removal of a hydrocele
|
|
|
radical prostatectomy (RP)
|
excision of the prostate gland with its capsule, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, sometimes pelvis lymph nodes. Performed by a retropubic or perineal approach, or laparoschopically. Used to treat prostate cancer
|
|
|
suprapubic prostatectomy
|
excision of the prostate gland through an abdominal incision made above the pubic bone & through an incision into the bladder. Used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia & prostate cancer. Also called subapubic transvesical prostatectomy
|
|
|
transurethral incision of the prostate gland (TUIP)
|
surgical procedure that widens the urethra by making a few small incisions in the bladder neck & the prostate gland. No prostate tissue is removed. TUIP may be used instead of TURP when the prostate gland is less enlarged
|
|
|
transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)
|
a treatment that eliminates excess tissue present in benign prostatic hyperplasia by using heat generated by microwave
|
|
|
transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)
|
successive pieces of the prostate gland tissue are rescted by using a resectoscope inserted through the urethra. The capsule is left intact; usually performed when the enlarged prostate gland interferes with urination
|
|
|
transrectal ultrasound
|
an ultrasound procedure used to diagnose prostate cancer. Sound waves sent/received by a transducer in the form of a probe in the rectum. Sound waves are then transformed into an image of the prostate gland
|
|
|
prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
|
a blood test that measures the lvl of prostate-sp antigen in the blood. Elevated tests results: presence of prostate cancer or excess prostate tissue, as found in benign prostatic hyperplasia
|
|
|
digital rectal examination (DRE)
|
a physical exam in which the physician inserts a finger into the rectum & feels for size/shape of the prostate gland through the rectal wall. Use: screen for BPH & prostate cancer (BPH--uniform nontender enlargement, cancer--stony, hard nodule
|
|
|
andropathy
|
disease of the male (specific to the male, such as testes)
|
|
|
aspermia
|
condition of without sperm (or semen, or ejaculation)
|
|
|
oligospermia
|
condition of scanty sperm (in the semen--may contribute to infertility)
|
|
|
spermatolysis
|
dissolution (destruction) of sperm
|
|
|
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
|
disease that affects the body's immune system, transmitted by exchange of body fluid during the sexual act, reuse of contaminated needles, or receiving cont. blood transfusions (also called acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
|
|
|
artificial insemination
|
introduction of semen into the vagina by artificial means
|
|
|
chlamydia
|
a STD, sometimes refered to as a silent STD bc many ppl are not aware that they have the disease. Symptoms: painful urination & discharge from the penis, or genital itching, vaginal discharge & bleeding btw periods. Causative agent: C. trachomatis
|
|
|
coitus
|
sexual intercourse btw male & female (also called copulation)
|
|
|
condom
|
cover for the penis worn during coitus to prevent conception & the spread of STD
|
|
|
ejaculation
|
ejection of semen from the male urethra
|
|
|
genital herpes
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STD caused by Herpesvirus hominis type 2 (also called herpes simplex virus)
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gonads
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male & female sex glands
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gonorrhea
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contageous, inflammatory STD caused by a bacterial organism that affects the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system
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heterosexual
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person who is attracted to a member of the opposite sex
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homosexual
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person who is attracted to a member of the same sex
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human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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a type of retrovirus that causes AIDS. Infects T-helper cells of the immune system, allowing for opportunistic infections such as candidiasis, Pneumocystis jiroveci, pneumonia, TB, Kaposi Sarcoma
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human papillomavirus
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a prevelent STD causing benign or cancerous growths in male & female genitals (also called veneral warts)
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orgasm
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climax of sexual stimulation
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prothesis
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an artificial replacement of an absent body part (a penile prothesis may be implanted to treat erectile dysfunction if first-line therapies aren't effective
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puberty
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period when 2ndary sex characteristics develop & the ability to reproduce sexually begins
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sexually transmitted disease (STD)
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diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhea, genital herpes that are transmitted during sexual contact (also called veneral disease and sexually transmitted infection (STI))
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sterilization
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process that renders an individual unable to produce offspring
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syphilis
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chronic infection caused by the bacterium Trepnema pallidum usually transmitted by sexual contact, may be acquired in utero, or through direct contact with infected tissue. If untreated, goes through 3 stages w/ a latent period. Initial local infection quickly becomes systemic w/ widespread dissemination of bacterium
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trichomoniasis
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STD caused by a one-cell organism Trichomonas. Infects the genitourinary tract. Men may be asymptomatic or may develop urethritis, an enlarged prostate gland, or epididymitis. Women have vaginal itching, dysuria & vaginal or urethral discharge
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AIDS
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aquired immunodeficiency syndrome
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BPH
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benign prostatic hyperplasia
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DRE
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digital recal examination
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ED
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erectile dysfunction
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HIV
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human immunodeficiency virus
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HPV
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human papillomavirus
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PSA
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prostate specific antigen
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RP
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radical prostatectomy
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TUIP
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transurethral incision of the prostate
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TUMT
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transurethral microwave therapy
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TURP
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transurethral resection of the prostate
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ovaries
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pair of almond shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity. Egg cells are formed & stored in the ovaries
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ovum pl. ova
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female egg cell
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graafian follicles
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100,000 microscopic sacs that make up a large portion of the ovaries. Each follicle contains an immature ovum. Normally one graafian follicle develops to maturity monthly btw puberty & menopause. It moves to the surface of the ovary & releases the ovum, which passes to the uterine tube
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uterine, or fallopian tubes
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pair of 5 inch tubes, attached to the uterus, that provide a passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus
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fimbria pl fimbriae
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fingerlike projection at the free end of the uterine tube
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uterus
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pear shaped & sized muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity, except during pregnancy when it enlarges & extends up in the abdominal cavity. Its functions are menstration, pregnancy, & labor
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endometrium
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inner lining of the uterus
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myometrium
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muscular middle layer of the uterus
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perimetrium
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outer thin layer that covers the surface of the uterus
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corpus, body
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large central portion of the uterus
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fundus
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rounded upper portion of the uterus
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cervix (Cx)
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narrow lower portion of the uterus
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vagina
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a 3-inch tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body
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hymen
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fold of membrane found near the opening of the vagina
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rectouterine pouch
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pouch btw the posterior wall of the uterus & the anterior wall of the rectum (also called Douglass cul-de-sac)
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Bartholin glands
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pair of mucas producing glands located on each side of the vagina & just above the vaginal opening
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mammary glands, breasts
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milk producing glands of the female. Each breast consists of 15-20 divisions or lobes
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mammary papilla
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breast nipple
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areola
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pigmented area around the breat nipple
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clitoris
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highly erogenous erectile body located anterior to the urethra
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vulva, or extended genitals
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two pairs of lips (labia magor & minora) that suround the vagina
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perineum
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pelvic floor in both fe/male. In females refers to the area btw the vaginal opening and the anus
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amenorrhea
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absence of menstral discharge
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Bartholin adenitis
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inflammation of a Bartholin gland (also called bartholinitis)
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cervicitis
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inflammation of the cervix
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colpitis, vaginitis
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inflammation of the vagina
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testis, testicle pl. testes, testicles
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primary male sex organs, paired, oval shaped & enclosed in a sac called the scrotom. Produce spermatozoa & the hormone testosterone
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sperm (spermatozoon pl spermatozoa)
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the microscopic male germ cell, which, when united with the ovum, produces a zygote (fertilized egg) that with subsequent development becomes an embryo
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testosterone
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principle male sex hormone. Function: to stimulate the development of the male reproductive organs & secondary sex characteristics such as facial hair
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seminiferous tubules
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approx. 900 coiled tubes within the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs
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epididymis
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coiled duct atop each of the testes that provides for storage, transit, & maturation of spermatozoa; continuous with the vas deferens
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vas deferens, ductus deferens, or seminal duct
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duct carrying the sperm from the epididymis to the urethra. The spermatic cord encloses each vas deferens with nerves, lymphatics, arteries, & veins. (The urethra also connects with the bladder & carries urine outside the body. A circular muscle constricts during intercourse to prevent urination)
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seminal vesicles
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two main glands located at the base of the bladder that open into the vas deferens. Sectrete a thick fluid, which forms part of the semen
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prostate gland
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encircles the upper end of the urethra. Secretes a fluid that aids in the movement of the sperm & ejaculation
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scrotum
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sac suspended on both sides of & just behind the penis. The testes are enclosed in the scrotum
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penis
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male sex organ of urination & copulation (sexual intercourse)
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glans penis
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enlarged tip on the end of the penis
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prepuce
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fold of skin covering the glans penis in uncircumcised males (foreskin of the penis)
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semen
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composed of sperm, seminal fluids & other secretions
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genitalia (genitals)
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reproductive organs (male & female)
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anorchism
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state of absence of testes (unilateral or bilateral)
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balanitis
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inflammation of the glans penis
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balanorrhea
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discharge from the glans penis
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benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
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excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland (nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland)
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cryptochidism
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state of hidden testes (failure of testes to descend from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum before birth) also called 'undescended testicles'
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epididymitis
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inflammation of an epididymis
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orchitis, orchiditis, testitis
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inflammation of the testis
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orchiepididymitis
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inflammation of the testes & epididymis
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prostatitis
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inflammation of the prostate gland
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prostatocystitis
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inflammation of the prostate gland & the bladder
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prostatolith
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stone in the prostate gland
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prostatorrhea
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discharge from the prostate gland
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prostatovesiculitis
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inflammation of the prostate gland & seminal vesicles
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erectile dysfunction
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the inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse (formerly called impotence)
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hydocele
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scrotal swelling caused by a collection of fluid
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phimosis
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a tightness of the prepuce (foreskin of the penis) that prevents its retraction over the glans penis; congenital or a result of balanitis. Treatment: circumcision
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priapism
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persistent abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain & tenderness
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prostate cancer
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cancer of the prostate gland
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testicular cancinoma
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cancer of the testicle
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testicular torsion
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twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testes; often during puberty & with a sudden onset of severe testicular /scrotal pain. B/c of lack of blood flow to the testes, is often considered a surgical emergency
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varicocele
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enlarged veins of the spermatic cord
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balanoplasty
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surgical repair of the glans penis
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epididymectomy
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excision of an epididymis
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orchidopexy, orchiopexy
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surgical fixation of a testicle (performed to bring undescended testicles into the scrotum)
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orchidotomy, orchiotomy
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incision into a testes
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orchioplasty
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surgical repair of a testes
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prostatectomy
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excision of the prostate gland
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prostatocystotomy
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incision into the prostate gland and the bladder
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prostatolithotomy
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incision into the prostate gland to remove a stone
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prostatovesiculectomy
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excision of the prostate gland & seminal vesicles
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vasectomy
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excision of a duct (partial excision of the vas deferens bilaterally, resulting in male sterilization)
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vasovasostomy
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creation of artificial openings btw ducts (the severed ends of the vas deferens are reconnected in an attempt to restore fertility in men who have had a vasectomy)
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vesiculectomy
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excision of the seminal vesicle
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circumcision
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surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin)
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hydrocelectomy
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surgical removal of a hydrocele
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radical prostatectomy (RP)
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excision of the prostate gland with its capsule, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, sometimes pelvis lymph nodes. Performed by a retropubic or perineal approach, or laparoschopically. Used to treat prostate cancer
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suprapubic prostatectomy
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excision of the prostate gland through an abdominal incision made above the pubic bone & through an incision into the bladder. Used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia & prostate cancer. Also called subapubic transvesical prostatectomy
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transurethral incision of the prostate gland (TUIP)
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surgical procedure that widens the urethra by making a few small incisions in the bladder neck & the prostate gland. No prostate tissue is removed. TUIP may be used instead of TURP when the prostate gland is less enlarged
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transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)
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a treatment that eliminates excess tissue present in benign prostatic hyperplasia by using heat generated by microwave
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transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)
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successive pieces of the prostate gland tissue are rescted by using a resectoscope inserted through the urethra. The capsule is left intact; usually performed when the enlarged prostate gland interferes with urination
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transrectal ultrasound
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an ultrasound procedure used to diagnose prostate cancer. Sound waves sent/received by a transducer in the form of a probe in the rectum. Sound waves are then transformed into an image of the prostate gland
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prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
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a blood test that measures the lvl of prostate-sp antigen in the blood. Elevated tests results: presence of prostate cancer or excess prostate tissue, as found in benign prostatic hyperplasia
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digital rectal examination (DRE)
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a physical exam in which the physician inserts a finger into the rectum & feels for size/shape of the prostate gland through the rectal wall. Use: screen for BPH & prostate cancer (BPH--uniform nontender enlargement, cancer--stony, hard nodule
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andropathy
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disease of the male (specific to the male, such as testes)
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aspermia
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condition of without sperm (or semen, or ejaculation)
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oligospermia
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condition of scanty sperm (in the semen--may contribute to infertility)
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spermatolysis
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dissolution (destruction) of sperm
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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
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disease that affects the body's immune system, transmitted by exchange of body fluid during the sexual act, reuse of contaminated needles, or receiving cont. blood transfusions (also called acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
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artificial insemination
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introduction of semen into the vagina by artificial means
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chlamydia
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a STD, sometimes refered to as a silent STD bc many ppl are not aware that they have the disease. Symptoms: painful urination & discharge from the penis, or genital itching, vaginal discharge & bleeding btw periods. Causative agent: C. trachomatis
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coitus
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sexual intercourse btw male & female (also called copulation)
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condom
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cover for the penis worn during coitus to prevent conception & the spread of STD
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ejaculation
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ejection of semen from the male urethra
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genital herpes
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STD caused by Herpesvirus hominis type 2 (also called herpes simplex virus)
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