Greek And Latin Medical Terms Chapter 5

Front 1

nose

Back 1

lined with musua membrane and fine hairs. It acts as a filter to moiten and warm the entering air

Front 2

nasal septum

Back 2

partition seperating the right and left nasal cavities

Front 3

paranasal sinuses

Back 3

air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities

Front 4

pharynx

Back 4

serves as a food and air passageway. Air enters from the nasal cavities and passes through the pharynx to the larynx. Food enters the pharynx from the mouth and passes into the esophagus. (also called the throat)

Front 5

adenoids

Back 5

lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity

Front 6

tonsils

Back 6

lymphoid tissue located behind the mouth

Front 7

larynx

Back 7

location of the vocal cords. Air enters from the pharynx (also called the voicebox)

Front 8

epiglottis

Back 8

flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing

Front 9

trachea

Back 9

passageway for air to the bronchi (also called the windpipe)

Front 10

bronchus pl. bronchi

Back 10

one of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides. The branchings resemble a tree; therefore they are refered to as a bronchial tree

Front 11

bronchioles

Back 11

smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree

Front 12

alveolus pl. alveoli

Back 12

air sacs at the end of the bronchioles. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries

Front 13

lungs

Back 13

two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. The right lung cnsists of three lobes and the left lung has two

Front 14

pleura

Back 14

double folded serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity with a small space btw, called the pleural cavity, which contains serous fluid

Front 15

diaphragm

Back 15

muscular partition that seperates the thoracis cavity from the abdominal cavity. It aids in the breathing process by contracting, and pulling air in, then relaxing and pushing air out

Front 16

mediastinum

Back 16

space between the lungs. It contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures

Front 17

adenoiditis

Back 17

inflammation of the adenoids

Front 18

atelectasis (at-e-LEK-ta-sis)

Back 18

incomplete expansion (of the lungs of a newborn, or a collapsed lung)

Front 19

bronchiectasis (bron-kee-EK-ta-sis)

Back 19

diliation of the bronchi

Front 20

bronchitis

Back 20

inflammation of the bronchi

Front 21

bronchogenic carcinoma

Back 21

cancerous tumor originating in the bronchus

Front 22

bronchopneumonia (bron-koo-nuu-MOO-nee-a)

Back 22

diseased state of the bronchi and lungs, usually caused by infection

Front 23

diaphragmatocele (dii-a-frag-MAT-oo-seel)

Back 23

hernia of the diaphragm

Front 24

epiglottitis

Back 24

inflammation of the epiglottis

Front 25

hemothorax

Back 25

blood in the chest (pleural space)

Front 26

laryngitis

Back 26

inflammation of the larynx

Front 27

laryngotracheobronchitis (la-ring-goo-tra-kee-oo-bron-KII-tis)

Back 27

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi (the acute form is called coup)

Front 28

lobar pneumonia

Back 28

pertaining to the lobes, diseased state of the lung (infection in one or more lobes of the lung)

Front 29

nasopharyngitis

Back 29

inflammation of the nose and pharynx

Front 30

pansinusitis

Back 30

inflammation of all sinuses

Front 31

pharyngitis

Back 31

inflammation of the pharynx

Front 32

pleuritis

Back 32

inflammation of the pleura (also called plelurisy)

Front 33

pneumatocele

Back 33

hernia of the lung (lung tissue protrudes through an opening in the chest)

Front 34

pneumonoconiosis

Back 34

abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

Front 35

pneumonia

Back 35

diseased state of the lung (the infection and inflammation are caused by bacteria such as Pneumoccus, Staphyloccus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus, viruses and fungi)

Front 36

pneumonitis

Back 36

inflammation of the lung

Front 37

pneumothorax

Back 37

air in the chest (pleural space) which causes collapse of the lung

Front 38

pulmonary neoplasm

Back 38

pertaining to in the lung, new growth (tumor)

Front 39

pyothorax

Back 39

pus in the chest (pleural space) (also called empyema)

Front 40

rhinitis

Back 40

inflammaton of the mucus membranes in the nose

Front 41

rhinomycosis

Back 41

abnormal condition of fungus in the nose

Front 42

rhinorrhagia

Back 42

rapid flow of blood from the nose (also called epistaxis)

Front 43

thoracalgia (thor-a-KAL-ja)

Back 43

pain in the chest

Front 44

tonsillitis

Back 44

inflammation of the tonsils

Front 45

tracheitis

Back 45

inflammation of the trachea

Front 46

tracheostenosis

Back 46

narrowing of the trachea

Front 47

adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Back 47

respirtory failure in an adult as a result of disease or injury. Symptoms include dyspnea, rapid breathing and cyanosis. (also called acute respirtory distress syndrome)

Front 48

asthma

Back 48

respiratory disease char. By paroxysms of coughing, weezing, shortness of breath, and constriction of airways

Front 49

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Back 49

a group of disorders that are almost always a result of smoking that obstructs bronchial flow. At least one of the following in present in COPD: emphysema, chronic bronchitis, bronchospasm, bronchiolitis

Front 50

coccidioidomycosis (kok-sid-ee-oyd-oo-mii-KOO-sis)

Back 50

fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body (also called valley fever or cocci)

Front 51

cor pulmonale

Back 51

serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorder, such as emphysema

Front 52

croup (kruup)

Back 52

condition resulting form acute obstuction of the larynx, char by a barking cough, hoarseness & stridor. It may be caused by viral or bacterial infection, allergy or foreign body. Occurs mainly in children

Front 53

cystic fibrosis

Back 53

hereditart disorder of the exocrine glands char by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, & other symptoms

Front 54

deviated septum

Back 54

one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum

Front 55

emphysema

Back 55

streching of lung tissue caused by the aveoli becoming extended and losing elasticity

Front 56

epistaxis

Back 56

nosebleed (synonymous with rhinorrhagia)

Front 57

influenza

Back 57

highly infectious resp. disease caused by a virus (also called flu)

Front 58

Legionnaire disease

Back 58

a lobar pneumonia caused by bacterium Legionella pneumophila

Front 59

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

Back 59

repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absence of breathing; can produce daytime drowsiness & elevated blood pressure

Front 60

pertussis

Back 60

highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract char by an acute crowing inspiration, or whoop (also called whooping cough)

Front 61

pleural effusion

Back 61

escape of fluid into the pleural space as a result of inflammation

Front 62

pulmonary edema

Back 62

fluid accumulation in the alveoli & bronchioles

Front 63

pulmonary embolism (PE) pl. emboli

Back 63

foreign matter, such as a blood clot, air, or fat clot, carried in the circulation to the pulmonary artery, where it blocks circulation

Front 64

tuberculosis (TB)

Back 64

an infectious disease, caused by an acid-fast bacillus, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs

Front 65

upper respiratory infection

Back 65

infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx

Front 66

adenoidectomy

Back 66

excision of the adenoids

Front 67

adenotome

Back 67

surgical instument used to cut the adenoids

Front 68

bronchoplasty

Back 68

surgical repair of a bronchus

Front 69

laryngectomy

Back 69

excision of the larynx

Front 70

laryngoplasty

Back 70

surgical repair of the larynx

Front 71

larygnostomy

Back 71

creation of an artificial opening into the larynx

Front 72

laryngotracheotomy

Back 72

incision of the larynx and the trachea

Front 73

lobectomy

Back 73

excision of a lobe (of the lungs)

Front 74

pleuropexy

Back 74

surgical fixation of the pleura

Front 75

pneumobronchotomy

Back 75

incision of the lung and bronchus

Front 76

pneumonectomy

Back 76

excision of a lung

Front 77

rhinoplasty

Back 77

surgical repair of the nose

Front 78

septoplasty

Back 78

surgical repair of the nasal septum

Front 79

septotomy

Back 79

incision into the nasal septum

Front 80

sinusotomy

Back 80

incision of a sinus

Front 81

thoracocentesis

Back 81

surgical punture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity (also called thoracentesis)

Front 82

thoracotomy

Back 82

incision into the chest cavity

Front 83

tonsillectomy

Back 83

excision of the tonsils

Front 84

tracheoplasty

Back 84

surgical repair of the trachea

Front 85

tracheostomy

Back 85

creation of an artificial opening into the trachea

Front 86

tracheotomy

Back 86

incision of the trachea

Front 87

bronchoscope

Back 87

instument used for visual examination of the bronchi

Front 88

bronchoscopy

Back 88

visual examination of the bronchi

Front 89

endoscope

Back 89

instument used for visual examination within (a hollow organ or bady cavity). (Current trend is to use endoscopes for surgical proceedures as well as for viewing)

Front 90

endoscopic

Back 90

pertaining to visual examination within a hollow organ or body cavity

Front 91

endoscopy

Back 91

visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity)

Front 92

laryngoscope

Back 92

instrument used for visual examination of the larynx

Front 93

laryngoscopy

Back 93

visual examination of the larynx

Front 94

thoracoscope

Back 94

instument used for visual examination of the thorax

Front 95

chest computed tomography (CT) scan

Back 95

computerized images of the chest created in sections sliced from front to back. Used to diagnose tumors, abscesses and pleaural effusion. CT is used to visulize other body parts such as the abdomen & brain

Front 96

chest radiograph (CXR)

Back 96

a radiographic image of the chest used to evaluate the lungs and the heart

Front 97

ventilation-perfusion scanning

Back 97

a nuclear medicine procedure used to diagnose pulmonary embolism & other condidtions. Also called a LUNG SCAN

Front 98

acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear

Back 98

a test performed on sputum to det the presence of AFB, which cause tuberculosis

Front 99

arterial blood gases (ABG's)

Back 99

a test performed on arterial blood to det lvls of oxygen, carbon dioxide, & other gases present

Front 100

pulmonary function tests (PFT's)

Back 100

a group of tests performed to measure breathing, used to det resp function or abnormalities, useful in distinguishing chronic obstructive pumonary disease from asthma

Front 101

pulse oximetry

Back 101

a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a devise that attaches to the fingertip

Front 102

PPD (purified protein deritive) skin test

Back 102

test performed on ppl recently exposed to tuberculosis. PPD of the tuberculin bacillus is injected intradermally. + test indicates previous exposure, not nec active tuberculosis

Front 103

asphyxia

Back 103

deprivation of oxygen for tissue use; SUFFOCATION

Front 104

aspirate

Back 104

to withdraw fluid or to suction; or to draw foreign material tinto the resp tract

Front 105

bronchoconstrictor

Back 105

agent causing narrowing of the bronchi

Front 106

bronchodilator

Back 106

agent causing the bronchi to widen

Front 107

cough

Back 107

sudden noisy explosion of air from the lungs

Front 108

hiccup

Back 108

sudden catching of breath with a spasmodic contraction of the diaphram(also called hiccough & singultus)

Front 109

hyperventilation

Back 109

ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs

Front 110

mucopurulent

Back 110

containing both mucus and pus

Front 111

mucus

Back 111

slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes

Front 112

nebulizer

Back 112

devise that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment

Front 113

nosocomial infection

Back 113

an infection aquired during hospitalization

Front 114

paroxysm (PAR-ok-sizm)

Back 114

periodic, sudden attack

Front 115

patent

Back 115

open (an airway must be patent)

Front 116

sputum

Back 116

mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth

Front 117

ventilator

Back 117

mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing when a patient cannot breath unassisted

Front 118

function of the respiratory system

Back 118

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and body cells --this is called respiration

Front 119

external respiration

Back 119

oxygen passes from the lungs to the blood in the capillaries CO2 also passes from the capillaries back into the lungs