Greek 4

Front 1

Philosophia

Back 1

Philosophy, aka "love for knowledge"

Front 2

Living in the last years of the 6th c. and thebeginning of the 5th,_________ and _______ continue the Milesian interest in the nature of thephysical world;

Back 2

Xenophanes, Heraclitus

Front 3

Thales and Anaximenes of Miletos

Back 3

philosopher whoinvestigated the basicprinciples, the question ofthe originating substances ofmaIer. like astronomical phenomenon, and everything originates from water. All elements are are air at different stages of density

Front 4

The symbol of change is ______.

Back 4

Fire

Front 5

Logos

Back 5

word

Front 6

______ is the only tool toknow the world, while ____________.

Back 6

Logic, observation is unreliable

Front 7

Parmenides’ logic

Back 7

Truth of reason, does notneed any demonstration andobservation

‘Being’ is the only thing that exists:‘nothing’ cannot exist

‘Being’ is uncreated, indestructibleand eternal, indivisible, complete

Motion is impossible, because thereis no place for the Being to go whereit is not already.

Change isimpossible.

Front 8

Zeno’s Paradoxes

Back 8

provocative paradoxes,especially on the impossibility of motion and thefalsity of the assumption that there are manythings

Paradox = ‘contrary to common belief’: thedemonstration that apparently soundassumptions have contradictory and absurdconsequences

Front 9

purpose of Zeno’sparadoxes

Back 9

Show that the views held by thecritics of Parmenides were actually absurd.

new and revolutionary methodof reasoning: accepting the assumptions of theopponent only to bring them to the extremeconsequences and show that they fell incontradiction or absurdity: if the argument islogical and the consequence is absurd, theoriginal assumption must be wrong

Front 10

Empedokles of Akragas

Back 10

Everything in the world isproduced by mixture andseparation of four elements:earth, air, fire and water.

Moved by two oppositeforces, Strife and Love,which make them separateand unite

Front 11

atomoi

Back 11

particles, atom

Front 12

Demokritos of Abdera theory of atomos

Back 12

indivisible

Front 13

so there is astable and unchanging basic principle, but ______. For the atoms to move, there must be _____.

Back 13

change is possible , void

Front 14

Pythagoras of Samos

Back 14

Numbers arethe principle thatorders reality

Front 15

The legend of Pythagoras

He believed in the __________ and _______ and lead a community regulatedby strict moral and dietary rules

Back 15

immortality of soul , reincarnation

Front 16

Pythagorean Way of Life

Back 16

•Strict respect of a number of rules in religiousrituals and everyday life

• Dietary restrictions

• Numerous other restrictions, silence, secrecy

Front 17

Pythagoreans could not eat ________, ________, and ____________

Back 17

sea anemone, heart, broad beans

Front 18

Plato, Phaidros and Sokrates

Back 18

followed by a ‘statement of the facts’

‘evidence from witnesses’;

‘indirect evidence’

fourthly ‘arguments from probability’; ‘confirmation’ and

‘additional confirmation’.

Front 19

Expert friend from Byzantion

Back 19

Theodoros

Front 20

Peitho

Back 20

Persuasion

Front 21

Dolos

Back 21

Treachery, Deceit

Front 22

Bia

Back 22

Force, Violence

Front 23

Gorgias, Praise of Helen

Back 23

talks about Helen and Paris and it was gods will, held strong force of persuasion

Front 24

Technical Manuals of the 5th century

Back 24

Sophokles on tragedy

Iktinos on the Parthenon

Hippodamos of Miletoson town planning and civil engineering

Polykleitos on symmetry ofthe human body (Canon)

Front 25

Doryphoros by Polykleitos

Back 25

spear-bearer

Front 26

Aristophanes, Clouds, 200ff:

Back 26

Story about Strepsiades and his student who knew about astronomy, geometry to explain the map of the world. Which Strepsiades disagreed with and asked for a jury.

Front 27

Zen

Back 27

To live

Front 28

Protagoras of Abderac. 490-420 BCE

Back 28

One of the most famous sophist.

‘Man is the measure of all things’

Cannot know anything about the gods

Front 29

Dissoi logoi

Back 29

Double Arguments

Front 30

nomos

Back 30

custom, law, culture

Front 31

phusis

Back 31

nature

Front 32

Sokrates

Back 32

very influential, created ‘induction’argument from examplePrecise general definitionof moral virtues,regardless the specificcircumstances

Front 33

Arete

Back 33

Goodness

Front 34

Maieutics

Back 34

midwifery

Front 35

' argument by __________ of thephilosophers and the use of _________ and ______ in political and judicial rhetoric

Back 35

‘analogy’, precedents, probability

Front 36

Historia

Back 36

research, inquiry

Front 37

Logographoi

Back 37

prose writers, compilers of genealogical, ethnographic and geographical material, also including mythical traditions

Front 38

Hekataios of Miletos, Genealogies

Back 38

Hekataios believes that the Greeks tell many stories on the topicwhich are in my opinion absurd.

Front 39

Reason to learn and use logic in History

Back 39

Search for the causes of events of the recentpast (the Persian Wars)

interest for ‘human geography’, withlong sections on the customs of foreignpeoples, especially Egyptians and Skythians.

To find false/distorted facts.

Conflicting perspectives, a version was preferred

Divine Intervention is accepted but rare

Front 40

Herodotus on Egyptians

Back 40

The Egyptians considered people who talked in another language as barbarians. Their society as backwards as men sewed and woman did the labour work.

Front 41

Thucydides

Back 41

wrote the history of the war inwhich the Peloponnesians and the Athenians foughtagainst one another. Considers poets and such to be subjective to exaggeration which cannot be proven, where his work is logical and objective. Therefore, his history is everlasting where stories are forgotten.

Front 42

New standard for Historian

Back 42

Verified facts/evidence,

attention to chronology and narrative

political and military history

gods are not a factor

humans behave in a pattern which is repeated throughout history

Front 43

Xenophon of Athensc. 428-354 BCE

Back 43

Hellenika (book) history of greece 410-362

Anabasis (book) expedition of an greek mercenary army going into the Persian empire and back.

Front 44

Ephoros of Kyme(c. 405-330 BCE)

Back 44

consisted of 30 books .'Universal History'

Front 45

Great Dionysia

Back 45

in late March, the principal venue for dramatic competitions: for tragedy, satyr play, comedy, dithyramb. Established by Peisistratos in the 6th c. BCEThe organization of the festival wassupervised by the arkhon eponymos

Front 46

Rural Dionysia

Back 46

in Winter, held in the rural demes of Attica. Plays were performed in deme theatres, especially the larger ones

Front 47

Lenaia

Back 47

in late January: for comedy and tragedy

Front 48

arkhon eponymos

Back 48

For City Dionysia each tragic poets submitted 3 tragedies ( arkhon eponymos) and satyr-play

Front 49

arkhon eponymos chose ___ tragic productions and __ comic productions and allocated to each a ________

Back 49

3, 5 , khoregos

Front 50

Khoregos

Back 50

allowed to erect a victory monument topped by a tripod

Front 51

Prize in Drama Contest

Back 51

10 judges, one from each tribe

Dramatist: a crown and a money prize

Front 52

Lysikrates

Back 52

A victorious khorgos, who got a monument.

Front 53

Theatre

Back 53

Dionysos Eleutherios

Epidaurus

Dionysos of Athens

Front 54

Pronomosvase,

Back 54

Represents playwright, musician, khoregos, actors and chorus of a drama, probably a Satyr play. 400 BCE

Front 55

tragoidia

Back 55

tragedy aka ‘song of goats’

Chorus of 12, then 15

Max 3 actors playing all parts

Chorus and actors sang and danced parts of the play

Tragedy is developed from choral songsand dances in honor of Dionysos

Front 56

Themes from mythology, but 3“historical” plays are known,_________and ______ by Phrynikhos, _____ by Aiskhylos

Back 56

Fall of Miletos , Phoinissai, Persians

Front 57

Tragedy Structure

Back 57

Gods rarely protagonists, focus on Humans

Ethical issues and dilemmas of humanlife in Athens 5th Century

Values and customs arequestioned and their contradictions andproblems exposed

Front 58

Aiskhylosc. 525-459 BCE

Triology Oresteia

Back 58

Agamemnon

Libation Bearers

Eumenides

aslso wrote Persians

Front 59

Agamemnon

Back 59

Aigisthos kills Agamemnon, who is killed by his son who is his wifes lover upon his return from Troy. Circle of life and wrath of the furies for killing his daughter. Then Aigisthos son Orestes kills Aigisthos completing the circle of tragedy

Front 60

Sophokles c. 496-406 BCE

Back 60

Responsible for sophist movement, wrote Oidipous Tyrannos and Antigone. Story of Odeipus, the Sphinx, and Kreon

Front 61

Euripidesc. 485-406 BCE

Back 61

Wrote tragedy about Medeia, Jasons wife who kills her own children. Wrote Cyclops

Front 62

Satyr-play

Back 62

Represented at the end of each set ofthree tragedies

The chorus was made up of satyrs,followers of Dionysos who wrote Cyclops

Front 63

Thalamopoioi

Back 63

The Interior Decorators, was the lost satyr-play of Aiskhylos

Front 64

komoidia (lit. komos-song)

Back 64

comedy

Front 65

Komos

Back 65

group revel

Front 66

First comedy at City Dionysia ____ (time) First comedy at Lenaia ______ (time)

Back 66

486 BCE, 445 BCE

Front 67

Old Comedy ____(time) Middle Comedy _____(time) BCENew Comedy ____(time)

Back 67

450-380 BCE, 380-320, after 320

Front 68

Old Comedy

Back 68

11 plays by one poet, Aristophanes, arecompletely preserved

Front 69

Aristophanes 445-385 BCE

Back 69

• Akharnians

• Knights

• Ekklesiazousai

• Clouds

• Birds

• Frogs

• Peace

• Wasps

• Lysistrate

• Thesmophoriazousai

• Ploutos

Front 70

Tragedy vs Old Comedy

Back 70

Mythical and sometime historical vs fantastic distorted versions of myths

Heroes, gods vs Real characters of present and past sometimes gods

No ref to audience vs frequently address audience

No ref to politics and events, open reference and criticsm of policies and culture norms

Front 71

Structure of Old Comedy

Back 71

Prologue: Intro

Parados: Entry of conflict/chorus

Agon: Debate of characters, speech/song

Parabasis: Chorus talks to Audience

Episodes: Scenes and sketches

Exodos: Conclusion

Front 72

New Comedy

Back 72

Chorus plays no role

Language is simple

Characters and plots reflect real scenarios

Plot based around small issues

Conflict around misunderstandings

With a moral and satisfaction ending

Front 73

Menander

Back 73

Most important author of New Comedy. Wrote The Bad-Tempered Man(Dyskolos).

Front 74

Tekhne

Back 74

Art

Front 75

Story of Ikaros

Back 75

mythical artisan Daidalos (“clever worker”) his father created the laybrinth for the minotaur for the King of Crete when his son Ikaros tried to marry and leave they were prisoned and escaped through building of wax wings, but Ikaros flew too close to the sun and the wings melted and he fell to his death

Front 76

kouros (pl. kouroi)

Back 76

young male

Front 77

kore (pl. korai)

Back 77

young woman

Front 78

Sounion, Kouros from Anavyssos

Back 78

Outlines hero Kroisos, an Athenian who died at war

Front 79

Story of Ajax and Akhilles

Back 79

Ajax second best warrior carries Akhilles dead body (greatest) does not win his Armour so he commits suicide

Front 80

Exekhiasc. 540-530 BCE

Back 80

Famous artist, created a lot of vases of famous moments and amphoras

Front 81

The TyrannicidesHarmodios and Aristogeiton

Back 81

Heroes are Kritios and Nesiotesof 477/476 BCE ( Dont know the story)

Front 82

Partheon Project

Back 82

Pheidias as supervisor

Iktinos and Kallikrates as architects

Front 83

Metopes

Back 83

- Gods and giants

- Greeks andAmazons

- Lapiths andCentaurs

- Sack of Troy

Front 84

End of 12 B

Back 84

Dont understand, bunch of art of famous stories, do we need to know them?

Front 85

After the Parthenon

Back 85

Story of Nike, Aphrodite ??