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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Polis
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the greek word for a city-state
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Classical age
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time that is marked by great achievements
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Acropolis
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a high hill
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Democracy
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a type of government in which people rule themselves
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Aristocrats
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rich landowners
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Oligarchy
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A government in which only a few people have power
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Citizens
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People who had the right to participate in the government
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Tyrant
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a leader who held power through the use of force
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Mediterranean Sea
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to the south of Greece
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Aegean Sea
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to the east of Greece
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Ionian Sea
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to the west of Greece
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Why were the communities isolated from each other?
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Because of the mountains and seas
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Because the communities were isolated from each other, what did they do about their government?
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They created their own government and ways of life and they saw themselves as different countries.
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How did the Greeks become city-states?
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300 years after Mycenaeans crumbled Greeks joined together in small groups and over time became city-states.
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What did the city-states look like?
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The city-states were built around a fortress, the town was surronded by walls, and farmers lived outside the walls. During times of war, women, children, and the elderly went inside the walls while the men formed an army.
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Athens Government Order
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Athens is where democracy was born, but they didn't start with it right away rather they started with kings. Next aristocrats took power, then tyrants, and finally democracy.
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Aristocrats in Athens
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They ran the cities economy. They also severed as generals and judges.
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What happened in 600BC?
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Rebels tried to overthrow aristocrats, but they failed.
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What did the aristocrats do after Peisistratus died?
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They convinced a rival city-state to attack Athens. The tyrants lost power and for a short time the aristocrats returned to the power of Athens.
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How did the assembly meet?
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They meet on a hillside and the citizens voted on laws. By this government way, citizens gained more power overtime. Later people could also serve on juries.
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How many years did Greece have a democracy?
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170years
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Who was Athens conquered by and when?
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In the mid 330BC Athens was conquered by Macedonians from the north causing the democracy to crumble. Democracy still was able to go on, but it wasn't too strong.
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What happened in 320BC?
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A new king took over Greece, and ended Athenian democracy forever!
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Minoans
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Were one of the earliest developments. In 2000BC they advanced society on an island called Crete which was south of Aegean in the eastern Mediterranean. They didn't speak Greek.
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Mycenaeans
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Were also one of the earliest developments. They built their town on Greek mainland and many huge forts. They were the first people to speak Greek. They took over Crete in the mid 1400s.
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Draco
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He created a new set of laws for Greece that were very harsh. His law said minor crime were punishable by death.
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Solon
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In 590BC he created a new set of laws that were less harsh and gave more rights to nonarisacrats, causing men to become citizens.
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Peisistratus
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He overthrew the oligarchy in 546BC and became the ruler of Athens. The people called him a tyrant. He brought peace and prosperity to Greece. He also created new festivals, and built temples and monuments.
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Cleisthenes
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In 500BC he gained power with help of the people. He didn't want aristocrats to run Athens. He created the worlds first democracy.
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Pericles
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He made Greek reach the hight of their democracy. He encouraged people to take pride in their city. He began to pay people who served in public offices and who served on juries. He also encouraged people to introduce democracy into other parts of Greece.
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What did Minoans trade?
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They traded wood, olive oil, and pottery for copper, gold, silver, and jewels.
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Were did farmers trade their crops and what did they trade for?
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At an argora(marketplace) for goods craftsmen made.
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What did colonies trade with Greece?
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They sent coper and iron to Greece for wine, olive oil, and other things.
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Mythology
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a body of stories about gods and heroes that try to explain how the world works
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Fables
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Short stories that teach the reader lessons about life or give advice on how to live
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Why did Greeks create myths?
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To explain why the gods caused earthquakes, thunder, etc.
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Who did people live near volcanic eruptions believe in?
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Hephaestus
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Who created the seasons?
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Demeter
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What did people do to keep the gods happy?
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They built temples to keep the gods happy, but expected the gods to give help when needed in return.
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Were heroes real or fake?
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Some were real and some were fake.
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What are the two types of literature Greeks wrote?
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Epic and lyric
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Iliad
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Tells last years of Trojan War. Achilles is the main character.
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Odyssey
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The main character was Odysseus who was on his way home from the Trojan War.
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Lyric Poems
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set to music
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Epic Poems
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adventures
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Fable Characters
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taught people important lessons, animals were the main characters, but acted and talked like humans
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Zeus
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king of gods
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Hera
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queen of gods
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Poseidon
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god of sea
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Hades
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god of the underworld
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Demeter
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goddess of agriculture, created seasons, daughter could only return in summer that is why plants bloom in summer, daughter leaves in winter that is why plants don't bloom
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Hestia
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goddess of hearth
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Athena
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goddess of wisdom
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Apollo
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god of sun
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Artemis
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goddess of moon
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Ares
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god of war
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Aphrodite
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goddess of love
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Hephaestus
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god of metal working, volcanoes erupted when he made weapons and armor with his forge for the other gods
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Dionysus
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god of celebration
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Hermes
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messenger god
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Theseus
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A story about a hero which was told in Athens. He traveled to Crete and killed the Minotaur
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Jason
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A story about a hero which was told in north Greece. He sailed the seas in search for treasure fighting enemies on the way.
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Hercules
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A story about a hero who fought many monsters and did nearly impossible tasks. He fought the hydra(snake with nine heads and poisonous fangs). For every head he cut off two more grew back.
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Homer
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He wrote two epic poems called Iliad and the Odyssey. He wrote some of the greatest literary works ever.
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Sappho
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Was one of the few women poets and the most famous lyric poet. She wrote about love and relationships with her friends are family.
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Aesop
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He was famous for his fables especially The Ants and the Grasshopper. Also he is known for The Tortoise and the Hare.
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Cavalry
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A unit of soldiers who ride horses
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Persian Wars
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An inasion that began a series of wars between Persia and Greece
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Zoroastrianism
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A belief that arose in Persia during Darius's rule. Two forces were fighting for control of the universe, one was good, one was bad. The people were suppose to help the good force.
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How many provinces was Persia divided into?
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20
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Provinces
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They were created by Darius. Each province had a satrap (governor).
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Persepolis
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The capitol of Persia which was built by Darius.
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What year did Persia become an empire?
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550BC
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Persian Army
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well organised and loyal
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Immortals in the army
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10,000 soldiers with bravery and skills
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What happened in 499BC?
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Several Greek cities and city-states rebelled against Persia. Persia put down the revolt, but Darius said he'd get revenge on the Greeks.
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The Battle of Marathon
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Nine years after the Greek cities rebelled, Darius attacked Greece. He sailded into the plains of Marathon near Athens. This began the Persian Wars. Athens had 11,000 soldiers while PErsia had 15,000 soldiers, but Greece won because of their better weapons and clever leaders.
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Battle of Salamis
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The Persian navy joined the Persian foot soldiers and again attacked Persia. Sparta joined with Athens to help. Persia beat the Spartan soldiers, but Athens beat the Persian navy.
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Cyrus II
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He lead Persian revolt against Medes and was successful. The revolt won independence for Persia. They also conquered Medes. This was the beginning of the Persian Empire. He conquered much of southwest Asia and Mesopotamia. When he died in 529BC he had the largest empire. He was also known as Cyrus the Great.
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Cambyses
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Cyrus's son. He expanded Persian empire. He died in a rebellion of Persia.
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Darius I
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He claimed the throne four years after Cambyses died. To claim the throne he killed his rivals. He improved society by creating provinces throughout Persia and expanded the empire. He also created many new roads. He also built a new capital for the empire.
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Xerxes I
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He was Darius's sons. Ten years after the Battle of Marathon he tried to conquer Greece again in the Battle of Salamis.
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