Greek 1 (Ch 1-5) - Grammar Rules

Front 1

What are the Proto-Indo-Euro language groups?

Back 1

Romanic

Germanic RGOA

Old Greek

Aryan

Front 2

What are examples of Romanic languages?

Back 2

Latin, French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish

Front 3

What are examples of Germanic languages?

Back 3

English, German, Gothic, Danish, Dutch, Norweigian, Swedish

Front 4

What are the Old Greek languages?

Back 4

Linear B

Classical

Koine LCKBM

Byzantine

Modern Greek

Front 5

What are examples of Aryan languages?

Back 5

Iranian, Sanskrit

Front 6

How many letters exist in the Greek alphabet?

Back 6

24

Front 7

In Greek, capital letters are used for:

Back 7

Proper Names

1st Word in Quotes

1st Word in Paragraph

Front 8

What are the Greek vowels?

Back 8

Αα Εε Ηη Ιι Οο Υυ Ωω

A E I O U + Eta, Omega

Front 9

What is a gamma nasal?

Back 9

The gamma pronounced like a "n" is called a gamma nasal.

Front 10

What is a diphthong?

Back 10

Two vowels that produce one sound

αι ει οι αυ ου υι εν ην

Front 11

What is an improper diphthong?

Back 11

Vowel with and iota subscript

α η ω

(No affect on pronounciation - can impact translation.)

Front 12

What is a diaeresis?

Back 12

Two dots placed over a 2nd vowel indicating that two vowels produce separate sounds

(diacritical mark)

Noel

Front 13

What is a rough breathing mark?

Back 13

Backwards "C" placed over:

Ρρ (rho)

and

Υυ (upsilon)

Front 14

What is a comma in Greek?

Back 14

Comma

Front 15

What is a period in Greek?

Back 15

Period

Front 16

What is an elevated period in Greek?

Back 16

semicolon

Front 17

What is a semicolon in Greek?

Back 17

Question Mark

Front 18

What is another name for an apostrophe?

Back 18

Elision (used when a vowel is dropped

Front 19

What is an accent mark used for?

Back 19

placed over a vowel showing the syllable to be stressed

Front 20

What is an acute?

Back 20

Superscript / indicating the pitch goes up

May be used on the last three syllables

Front 21

What is a grave?

Back 21

Superscript \ indicating the pitch goes down

May be used on the last syllable

Front 22

What is a circumflex?

Back 22

Superscript ~ indicating the pitch is up/down slightly

May be used on the last two syllables

Front 23

Syllabification: How many vowels per?

Back 23

One vowel or diphthong

Front 24

Syllabification: Single consonant (k) goes:

Back 24

With the following vowel

Front 25

Syllabification: Two vowels, not a diphthong are divided or together?

Back 25

Divided

Front 26

Syllabification: Consonant clusters?

Back 26

Not pronouncible: Divided

Pronouncible: Goes with the following vowel

Front 27

Syllabification: Double consonants?

Back 27

Divided

Front 28

Syllabification: Compound words (makeshift)?

Back 28

Divided

Front 29

How many words in Biblical Greek?

Back 29

5, 423 words in the New Testament occuring 138,167 times

313 words occur 50+

Front 30

Does Greek rely on word order or inflection?

Back 30

Inflection

Placement of suffixes to identify the objective noun

Front 31

What is natural gender?

Back 31

Noun takes the gender of the object it represents.

Greek uses grammatical gender (similar to Spanish)

Front 32

What does Number mean?

Back 32

Singular or Plural

Front 33

What does Case mean?

Back 33

Nominative or Accusative

Front 34

Rules for 1st Declensions:

Back 34

Feminine

Stem words ending in Αα Ηη

Front 35

Rules for 2nd Declensions:

Back 35

Masculine

Stem words ending in Oo (omicron)

Front 36

Rules for 3rd Declensions:

Back 36

Stem words ending in consonants

Front 37

Parsing Nouns:

αποστολος αγγελος λογος

Back 37

Nom / Sing / Masc

Front 38

Parsing Nouns:

αποστολον αγγελον λογον

Back 38

Accus / Sing / Masc

Front 39

Parsing Nouns:

αποστολοι αγγελοι λογοι

Back 39

Nom / Plural / Masc

Front 40

Parsing Nouns:

αποστολους αγγελους λογους

Back 40

Accus / Plural / Masc

Front 41

Parsing Nouns: ζωη

Back 41

Nom / Sing / Fem

Front 42

Parsing Nouns: ζωην

Back 42

Accus / Sing / Fem

Front 43

Parsing Nouns: ζωαι

Back 43

Nom / Plural / Fem

Front 44

Parsing Nouns: ζωας

Back 44

Accus / Plural / Fem

Front 45

Parsing Nouns: καπδια

Back 45

Nom / Sing / Fem

Front 46

Parsing Nouns: καπδιαν

Back 46

Accus / Sing / Fem

Front 47

Parsing Nouns: Σαββατον

Back 47

Nom / Sing / Neu

Accus / Sing / Neu

Front 48

Parsing Nouns: Σαββατα

Back 48

Nom / Plural / Neu

Accus / Plural / New

Front 49

Requirements for Parsing a Noun (5):

Back 49

Case (nominative, accusative)

Number (singular, plural)

Gender (masculine, feminine, neuter)

Lexical form (Nom/Sing root)

Inflected meaning (English)

Front 50

Famous Eight Noun Rules:

1st / 2nd /3rd Declension Rules

Back 50

1st: Stems ending in Αα Ηη (alpha/eta)

2nd: Stems ending in Oo (omicron)

3rd: Stems ending in Consonants

Front 51

Famous Eight Noun Rules:

Every neuter word?

Back 51

Same form in the nominative and accusative.

Front 52

Famous Eight Noun Rules:

Almost every neuter word?

Back 52

End in alpha in the nominative and accusative plural.

Front 53

What are the similarities between adjectives and the nouns they modify?

Back 53

Anadjective has to be the same case, number, and gender as the word it modifies. A==

Front 54

How are elisions used in prepositions?

Back 54

Whencertain prepositions ending in a vowel are followed by a word beginning with avowel, the final vowel of the preposition may be dropped and marked with anapostrophe.

μετὰ αὐτόν ⇒ μετ ̓ αὐτόν

Front 55

What is a dependent clause?

Back 55

A collection of words that cannot stand alone. It has meaning only when it ispart of a complete sentence; it is dependent upon that sentence. For example,in English the clause “if I go home” is not a sentence. It is incomplete whenstanding on its own. It is therefore dependent on the main sentence. “If I gohome, I will eat dinner.”

Front 56

What are Enclitics?

Back 56

Exceptfor εἶ, the forms of εἰμί are enclitics, which meansthey push their accent back on the previous word; they will normally not havean accent of their own.

Front 57

What is a moveable nu?

Back 57

Amovable nu is a nu occurring at the end of a word that ends with a vowel whenthe following word begins with a vowel (e.g., εἰσὶν αὐτοί). The purpose of adding the nu was to avoid pronouncing twosuccessive vowels. [<

Front 58

What is a Predicate Nominative?

Back 58

A noun that follows εἰμί is not receivingthe action from the verb but rather is telling you something about the subject.

Front 59

ὁ ἡ τό

Back 59

Nominative Singular

Front 60

τοῦ τῆς τοῦ

Back 60

Genitive Singular

Front 61

τῷ τῇ τῷ

Back 61

Dative Singular

Front 62

τόν τήν Τό

Back 62

Accusative Singular

Front 63

οἱ αἱ τά

Back 63

Nominative Plural

Front 64

τῶν τῶν τῶν

Back 64

Genitive Plural

Front 65

τοῖς ταῖς τοῖς

Back 65

Dative Plural

Front 66

τούς τάς τά

Back 66

Accusative Plural

Front 67

Forms of εἰμί: εἰμί

Back 67

I am

Front 68

Forms of εἰμί: εἶ

Back 68

You are

Front 69

Forms of εἰμί: ἐστίν or ην

Back 69

He/she/itis

He/she/itwas

Front 70

Forms of εἰμί: ἐσμέν

Back 70

We are

Front 71

Forms of εἰμί: ἐστέ

Back 71

You are

Front 72

Forms of εἰμί: εἰσίν

Back 72

They are