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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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490BC |
Decisive Athenian victory at Marathon. Made the Persians eager for revenged. The Greeks had a massive confidence boost and knew the Persians could be defeated |
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480BC |
Second Persian Invasion= Battle of Thermopylae, King Leonidas and his 300 Spartans hold the Persian forces at bay so Athens can be evacuated. Battle of Salamis was a decisive Greek naval battle that effectively ends the Persian Invasion. The Remaining Persians are killed at Plataea |
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478BC |
The Athenians rebuild Athens after the Persian sacking. They start with the Long Walls for protection. Themistocles travels to Sparta until the Walls were built high enough for defense. This displeases Sparta and is the beginnings of hostilities. The Delian and Peloponnesian Leagues are formed. The Delian League's allies were assessed by Aristiedes so that some paid in ships and other paid in money. |
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476BC |
The Capture of Eion from the Persians. Eion was rich in minerals, had a large forest for the building of triremes and was an excellent trade post |
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475BC |
Capture of Scyros ans the enslavement of its people. A new colony was established. Cimon rides the Aegean of pirates. Capture of Carystus. They were made to pay phoros. The Persian territory was reduced. |
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472BC |
The revolt of Naxos began due to thw Athens' increasingly oppressive behaviour and the feeling of security form the Persian threat. The revolt is stopped easily. The Naxians were enslaved, an Athenian garrison is placed in Naxos and they lose their autonomy and their fleet. This is the first instance of the League attacking one of its allies and shows the allies what happens should they revolts |
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469/8BC |
The battle of Eurymedon was a decisive victory for the League as it removed the Persian threat from the Aegean. However, the allies began to question what they were paying phoros for and stopped paying in ships but continued to pay in sums of money. This benefited the Athenians as they could buy more Athenian ships for the Delian League's fleet |
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465BC |
Thasos had a trading post and goldmines that Athens wanted, so it took them by force. Thasos is easily captured and revolts quickly. Thasos is offered help by the Spartans but are besieged and beaten in 463BC. The terms of the surrender were the destruction of the defensive walls, confiscation of their fleet, payment of indemnity, had to pay phoros and relinquish the trading posts and the gold mine |
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462BC |
An earthquake destroys much of Sparta which sparks a helot revolt. Sparta calls for allies to help them. Athens sends a relief force of 4000 hoplites led by \Cimon, but the Spartans told them to leave due to the Spartans fear that the Athenians would use this opportunity to help the Helots and destroy the Spartans. Cimon returns to Athens and is soon ostracised. |
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460BC |
Megara switches sides fomr the Peloponnesian League to the Delian League ad so the Peloponnesian war starts. |
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459BC |
Inaros, the king of the Libyans organised the revolt of a majority of Egypt from the Persian king Artaxerxes. Once he had power, he called for the Athenians help. The Athenians sent 200 ships and took the Nile and 2/3 of Memphis. The Persians sen a fleet and defeated the Greeks. The Persians drain the Nile to trap the remaining Greeks ships. |
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458BC |
Athens begins to fight a war with Aegina. Athenian Long Walls to Phalerum and Piraeus was completed. Athenians marched on Boetia. A significant Athenian defeat at Tanagra to the Spartans. Athens later capture all of Boeotia and Phocis |
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454BC |
The war with Aegina ends with Aegina's submission. The Delian League's treasury is moved from Delos to Athens which signifies the beginning of the Athenian Empire. Athens withdraws all forces form Egypt. |
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451BC |
Hostilities between Athens and Sparta. Cimon helps to negotiate the Five year Peace treaty if Athens abandons its alliance with Argos if Sparta gave up Thebes. |
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449BC |
Peace if Callias between the Delain League/Athens and Persia ends the Greco-Persian wars. |
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447BC |
Megara revolts from the Delian League |
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440BC |
The Samian Revolt. Samians and Miletians fought for Priene. Athens called for a stop to this. Samos refuses so Pericles sailed an took 50 of the men of state and 50 children hostages and kept them at Lemnos. Some of the Samians managed to free the hostages and refused the reign of Athens and revolted. Pericles besieged the Samians until 399BC where the Samians surrended and they lost their fleet, forts and had to pay Athens' expenses for the siege. |
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435BC |
Dispute at Corcyra. Corcyra was a colony of Corinth which had a colony of its own called Epidamnus. Corcyra went to Athens to become part of the Delian League. This angered Corinth so they sent an embassy to Athens for them to be allies. Corcyra won with the argument that if Corinth and Corcyra joined forced their fleet could beat Athens' fleet. Athens and Corcyra become allies. Corinthians sought Spartan help and fought at Corcyra against Athens but lost |
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433/2BC |
Potidaea was a colony of Corinth that received magistrates form them. Athens feared a revolt so sent an ultimatum: dismantle fortifications facing Pellene, give hostages and remove the Corinthian magistrates and don't receive more. Potideans send envoys to have this dismissed but this failed. Corinth helped Potidaea with 1600 hoplites. Athens sent 2000 and beat them back into a siege that lasted form 432-429. Sparta promised to invade Attica if Athens attacked Potidaea |
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432BC |
Megarian Decree is passed. Athens imposed a law that Megara can't trade with Athens or any port in the Delian League. This started as Megara was accused of killing a herald which was illegal. Megara appealed to Sparta to help and they sent an envoy to Athens to discuss this. |
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431BC |
Spartan envoys give Athens Ultimatums: The Alcmaeonids, including Pericles, must be sent into exile. The blockade of Potidaea must end. Athens must restore Aegina's autonomy and repeal the Megarian Decree. These terms were reasonable to the Athenians except the first term. Pericles refuses these and sent envoys back saying Athens would restore Megara's trade rights when Sparta ceased expelling strangers and restored full independence to their allies. They declined this and war began again. |
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430BC |
Plague is brought to Athens from the ships returning to Pireas |
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429BC |
Pericles, the first citizen, dies of plague. 1/3 of Athenians population dies as well. |
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428/7BC |
Revolt of Mytilene. The island of Lesbos revolted, the city of Mytilene forced the island to unity under their sovereignty. They were soon beaten due to a lack of provisions and no support form the Peloponnesians. |
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425BC |
The campaign of Pylos: Athenian fleet was on its way yo t diplomatic mission at Sicily but had to take cover form the storm at Pylos and found a Spartan fleet and were cut off. Athenians refused to give the ships back and continued to blockade Sphacteria, this became harder due to bad weather and lack of provisions. Cleon told Nicias and the generals if they were real men they would so better and gloated that he could. Nicias called his bluff and made Cleon take a force to attack. A fire cleared the heavy tree cover so Demosthenes could scout and see the number and location of the Spartans as well as the best landing sites. The Athenians attacked and the Spartans surprisingly surrendered to Athens. They captured 120 Spartiates. |
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424BC |
The Spartan general Brasidas continues his Thraceward campaign and moves towards Amphipolis. Athens sends a naval and hoplite force commanded by Thucydides to defend the polis. The Athenians fail and lose Amphipolis to the Spartans. When the remaining Athenians return home Cleon exiles Thucydides. |
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422BC |
Cleon takes command of a force tasked with the reclaiming of Amphipolis from Brasidas. The fighting leads to the death of the two warmongers in each poleis, the Athenian Cleon and the Spartan Brasidas. |
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421BC |
The peace of Nicias is signed between Athens and Sparta which ends the first half of the Peloponnesian war: Both Athens and Sparta agreed to return all that they had conquered during the war except that Nisaea remained Athenian and Plataea remained with Thebes. Athens regained Amphipolis if they released the 120 Spartiate hostages. This treaty failed as Clearides obtained from the Spartans that a clause existed that stopped the transfer of Amphipolis so the treaty was broken as soon as it started. After many failed retries it was formally abandoned in 414BC |
