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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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GREECE
appellation system |
**greek name followed by French system equivalent
PROTECTED GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION (PGI) categories: - Epitrapezios Oinos: Vin de Table - Topikos Oinos: Vin de pays PROTECTED DESIGNATION OF ORIGIN (PDO) categories: - Onomasia Proelefsis Eleghomeni (O.P.E.): Controlled Appellation of Origin - only used for traditional sweet wines - Onomasia Proelefsis Anoteras Poiotitos (O.P.A.P.): Appellation of Origin of Superior Quality |
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GREECE
"PDO Wines of Greece" on label |
- despite the fact that there are technically two levels of Protected Designation of Origin (OPE and OPAP), "PDO Wines of Greece" will appear on current/future bottles featuring a designation of origin, especially those destined for export
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GREECE
aging requirements for "Reserve" on PDO label |
WHITES:
1 year min - min. 6 months barrel, 3 months bottle REDS: 2 year min - min. 1 year barrel, 6 months bottle |
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GREECE
aging requirements for "Grand Reserve" on PDO label |
WHITES:
2 year min - min 1 year barrel, 6 months bottle REDS: 4 year min - min 18 months barrel, 18 months bottle |
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GREECE
PGI categories general info |
- Epitrapezios Oinos - table wines, no variety/vintage named
- Topikos Oinos - table wines that carry a vintage and variety on label |
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GREECE
PGI zones general info |
- zones divided into regional, district, area levels
- REGIONS: equivalent to the major regions of Greece (i.e. Peloponnese, Crete) - DISTRICTS: correspond to peripheral units of Greece, a form of political state that replaced prefectures - AREAS: so small they may including only a single estate |
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GREECE
"Cava" on PGI labels |
indicated aging for PGI wines
WHITES/ROSÉs: min 1 year aging - min 6 months barrel REDS: min 3 years aging - min 1 year barrel |
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GREECE
“Palaiomenos se vareli” on PGI labels |
- in addition to Cava, Reserve, or Grand Reserve
- indicated bottle has been aged over the min. |
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GREECE
Retsina |
traditional wine flavored with pine resin
- has own PGI designation |
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GREECE
native red grape varieties |
Agiorghitiko
Xinomavro Limnio Mandilaria Mavrodaphne Kosifali |
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GREECE
native white grape varieties |
Assyrtiko
Athiri Debina Lagorthi Malagousia Moschofilero Robola Roditis Savatiano |
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GREEK GRAPES
Agioghitiko |
- a.k.a. St. George's grape
- native to Nemea - grows mainly in Peloponnese area - similar to Beaujolais Nouveau |
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GREEK GRAPES
Xinomavro |
- "sour black"
- dominant in Macedonia - palate reminiscent of tomatoes and olives - similar to Nebbiolo |
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GREEK GRAPES
Limnio |
- a.k.a. Kalambaki
- native to Aegean island of Lemnos - distinctive taste of bay leaves |
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GREEK GRAPES
Mandilaria |
- a.k.a. amorgiano
- native to islands of Rhodes and Crete - very tannic, often blended |
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GREEK GRAPES
Mavrodaphne |
- "black laurel"
- native to Peloponnese and the Ionian Islands - blended w/ Black Corinth currant grape to produce fortified dessert wine made in Solera style |
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GREEK GRAPES
Kotsifali |
- mainly grown on Crete
- blended with Mandilaria or Syrah to enhance color |
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GREEK GRAPES
Assyrtiko |
- maintains acidity as it ripens
- similar to Riesling - native to Santorini island |
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GREEK GRAPES
Athiri |
- lower acid white grape
- native to Santorini - mainly planted in Santorini, Macedonia, Attica, Rhodes |
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GREEK GRAPES
Debina |
- mostly grown in Zitsa region of Epirus
- high acid - mostly used in sparkling wine |
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GREEK GRAPES
Lagorthi |
- mainly cultivated on high slopes in Peloponnese
- very malic, fruity wine |
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GREEK GRAPES
Malagousia |
- grows mainly in Macedonia
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GREEK GRAPES
Moschofilero |
- Blanc de gris variety from AOC region of Mantineia, in Arcadia in the Peloponnese
- used in both still and sparkling |
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GREEK GRAPES
Robola |
- mostly grown in mountainous vineyards of Ionian Island of Cephalonia
- smokey mineral and lemony character - best paired with seafood |
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GREEK GRAPES
Roditis |
- "pink" or "rose" grape
- mainly grown in Attica, Macedonia, Thessaly, and the Peloponnese - elegant, light white wines, citrus flavors |
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GREEK GRAPES
Savatiano |
- "Saturday" grape
- dominant white grape of Attica - resistant to heat - floral/fruity aroma when cold fermented - when not cold fermented, makes retsina or rustic unresinated wines that complement Mediterranean dishes |
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GREECE
mainland regions |
Macedonia
Epirus Peloponnese Thessalia Thrace Central Greece (Sterea Ellada) |
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MACEDONIA
important PDO regions |
Naoussa
Amynteo |
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MACEDONIA
general info |
- Naoussa and Amynteo produce red wines solely from Xinomavro
- Goumenissa produces lighter Xinomavro wines w/ addition of min. 20% Negoska |
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NAOUSSA
famous quality producer |
Boutari
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AMYNTEO
climate, winemaking notes |
- CLIMATE: Greece's coolest region
- WINES: only PDO to allow production of rosé wines. may be dry to semisweet, still or sparkling |
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EPIRUS
important PDO regions |
Zitsa
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EPIRUS
landscape, winemaking, grapes |
- LANDSCAPE: some of the most mountainous and difficult vineyards to reach in Greece.
- WINES: dry, semisweet, and sparkling wine - GRAPES: debina |
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PELOPONNESE
main regions |
Mantinia
Nemea Patras |
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PELOPONNESE
general info, location, vineyards |
- GENERAL: a peninsula only b/c of narrow Isthmus of Corinth; Nemea produces only red wines, while the other PDOs produce only whites
- LOCATION: directly south of Sterea Ellada - VINEYARDS: cultivation concentrated in northern reaches, where the three PDO zones are |
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MANTINIA
wines, grapes |
- WINES: whites only
- GRAPES: moschofilero (a red-skinned grape) |
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NEMEA
general info, landscape, wines, grapes, famous subzones |
- GENERAL: most important region in southern Greece for red wines
- LANDSCAPE: wide range of elevation and terrain, leads to division of recognizable subzones - WINES/GRAPES: both dry and sweet wines made exclusively from the Agiorgitiko (St. George) grape - FAMOUS SUBZONE: Koutsi |
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PATRAS
wines, grapes, sweet wine info |
- WINES/GRAPES: dry whites from 100% Roditis, and sweet whites from Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains, Mavrodaphne and Mavri Korinthiaki (currant grape used for enriching sugar content in wine)
- SWEET WINES: all separate PDO designations - * Muscat of Patras - either naturally sweet or vin doux naturel in style, from Muscat à Petit Grains * Muscat of Rio Patras - same as Muscat of Patras * Mavrodaphne of Patras - sweet, fortified red produced from Mavrodaphne and Mavri Korinthiaki. aged min 1 year in wood before release. both vintage and NV |
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THESSALIA
PDO areas |
Rapsani
Messenikola Anchialos |
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RAPSANI
location, climate, grapes |
- LOCATION: on southeastern slopes of Mt. Olympus
- CLIMATE: peaks of Mt. Olympus and neighboring Aegean Sea form unique microclimate that provides a positive effect on the production of the distinct red wines made here - GRAPES: Xinomavro, Krassato, Stavroto |
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MESSENIKOLA
wines |
- red wines
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ANCHIALOS
wines, grapes, vineyards |
- WINES: whites only
- GRAPES: blends of roditis and savvatiano grapes - VINEYARDS: higher-altitude |
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STEREA ELLADA (CENTRAL GREECE)
general info, main regions |
*no PDO zones in Sterea Ellada
Anchialos Attiki |
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ATTIKI
location, wines, grapes |
- LOCATION: surrounds Athens
- WINES: center of Retsina production - GRAPES: Savvatiano (preferred for Retsina as it retains some varietal character when resinated), Roditis |
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GREECE
island regions |
Aegean Islands
Ionian Islands Cyclades Islands |
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AEGEAN ISLANDS
main regions |
Crete
Limnos Paros Rhodes Samos Kos |
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CRETE
location, landscape, soil, grapes |
- LOCATION: southernmost island in Greece
- LANDSCAPE: vineyards often at high elevations to maintain acid - SOIL: mostly mix of clay/chalk - WHITE GRAPES: vilana - RED GRAPES: mandelaria, kotsifali, liatiko |
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CRETE
AOC wines |
Peza
Archanes Daphnes Sitia |
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CRETE
Peza AOC wine |
dry whites, based on vilana
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CRETE
Archanes AOC wine |
dry reds, based on kotsifali and mandelaria
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CRETE
Daphnes AOC wine |
dry and sweet reds, based on liatiko
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CRETE
Sitia AOC wine |
- dry whites, based on vilana and thrapsathiri
- dry reds, based on liatiko and mandelaria - sweet reds, based on liatiko |
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CRETE
finest red wine |
Boutari's Skalani, a blend of kotsifali and syrah from Archanes AOC
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SAMOS
location, famous wine, landscape, grapes, wine styles |
- LOCATION: northeast of Paros
- LANDSCAPE: island rises sharply from the sea, vineyards planted on high altitude, terraced slopes - GRAPES: Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (a.k.a. Moscato Aspro) - WINE STYLES: vin de liqueur, vin doux naturel and naturally sweet versions - FAMOUS WINE: Muscat of Samos, Samos Nectar |
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SAMOS
Samos Nectar wine requirements |
- naturally sweet
- from dried grapes (similar to vin de paille) - aged minimum 3 years prior to release |
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IONIAN ISLANDS
main regions |
*all separate islands
Cephalonia PDO (only PDO Ionian island) Kerkyra (Corfu) Lefkada Zakynthos |
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CEPHALONIA
wines, grapes |
- WINES: dry whites and sweet whites
- GRAPES (DRY WHITE): robola (unrelated to Ribolla/Rebula of Friuli/Slovenia) - GRAPES (SWEET WHITE): mavrodaphne, muscat |
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ZAKYNTHOS
wines, grapes |
- WINES: home of Verdea Traditional Appellation wines (Verdea is given own PGI designation like Retsina)
- GRAPES: skiadopoulo, pavlos, avgoustiatis |
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CYCLADES ISLANDS
main regions |
Santorini
Paros |
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SANTORINI
wines, climate, viticulture, soil |
- CLIMATE: hot, arid, little rainfall. grapes receive water via moisture brought by sea breezes
- VITICULTURE: "ampelia" method - vines planted close to ground and protected from direct sunshine by wreath of branches/leaves - SOIL: mostly volcanic ash, chalk |
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SANTORINI
top producers |
Sigalas
Boutari |
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SANTORINI
wine styles |
- WHITE WINES: min 70% assyrtiko, with athiri and aidani grapes
- VINSANTO: not to be confused with Vin Santo from Italy (which can be dry or sweet), this wine is only sweet. made from assyrtiko and aidani grapes sun-dried on mats. must be aged min 2 years in barrel |
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SANTORINI
Vinsanto wine tasting notes |
dried apricots
figs dates caramel corn tangerine |
