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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was Binet's original measure of IQ?
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Mental age/chronological age x 100
Mental age is the age level of a person's functioning according to the IQ test |
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Standford Binet?
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Revised at Stanford with Lewis Terman. Organized by age level. Best known predictor of future academic achievement.
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WAIS/
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Weshchler Adult Intelligence Scale. Most commonly used for adults. Current one: WAIS-IV
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WISC-R?
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For children 6-16
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WPPSI?
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for children four-six
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Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test?
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Judge children on the detail they put into the picture, and not on their artistic ability
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What does IQ correlate strongly with?
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IQ of biological parents, and socioeconomic status of parents
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Fluid vs. crystal intelligence?
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Fluid (knowing how to do something) declines with age, wheras crystal (knowing facts) does not
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Robert Zajonc and birth order?
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First borns smartest... the more space between kids the more likely to be smart. The more children, the less likely to have high intellgiencei n all of them
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Charles Spearman and "g" ?
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general factor in human intelligence
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Difference b/w aptitude and achievement tests?
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Achieve -- measure how well you know x
App -- your innate ability to learn (hotly disputed) as well as indicative of future performance |
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MMPI?
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Has three validity scales, and contains 550 scales. Use to be used predominantly for abnormality, but now it's also used to asses personality.
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MBTI?
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Myers Brigg Type Indicator -- derived from Jung's personality theory. Given a personality type after 93 questions (each with only two answers)
Intro vs. extro, sensing vs. intuition, feeling vs. thinking, and judgment vs. perception |
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Julian Rotter scale?
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The Internal/External locus of control scale
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Rosenzweig Picture-Frustraion (P-F) study?
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consists of cartoons in which one person is frustrating another person. The subject is asked to describe how the frustrated person responds.
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BDI?
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Beck Depression Inventory ... not used to diagnose depression, but rather, it's used to monitor the progress of a depressed patient throughout therapy
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Empirical-Keying or criterion-keying approach? (Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory)
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The selection of items that can discriminate between groups |
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Vocational tests?
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Asses to what extent an individual's interests and strength match those already found by professionals in that particular field
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Lie detector tests?
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Measures the activation of the sympathetic nervous system that is activated when an individual is lying
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Mischel's critique of personality based measures?
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Thought that only the situations determined anything ... thought traits were a joke
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F-scale?
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Measure of authoritarianism/fascism
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Bayley Scaes of Infant Development?
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Measure the sensory and motor development of infants in order to identify mentally retarded children. Poor predictors of alter intelligence.
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Stratified sampling?
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Attempting to make the results more generalizable by matching the demographic characteristics of the sample to those in the population of interests (e.g., ensure your sample has 50% females, like the real world)
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Cross-sectional vs. longitudinal
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Long involves monitoring the same people over time. Very time consuming, and costly
Cross sec -- different subjects of different ages are compared, instead of it being the same people |
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Cohort-seqential design?
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Combines both above
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Quasi-experimental?
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Using samples that already contain the characteristics, b/c it would be unethical to assign someone to x. i.e., need one group of smokers, one not, so just pick those who are smokers, and try and match them as well as you can to your other group
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Acquiescence?
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When people agree with opposing statements
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Cohort effects?
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The effects that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
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Another name for experimenter bias?
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Rosenthal effect
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Four common types of variables?
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Nominal -- named. No order to seperated them
Ordinal -- Order. Nothing else is known about the variables other than that they are ordered. No mention of distance between them. No Intervals. Interval variables -- ORDER and SPACING. Equal spaces lie between the variables. Does not include a real zero! Termperature is a great example Ratio variables -- order, intervals, and a real zero. Age is a good example. |
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What is a z-score?
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How many SD a score is away from the mean. on a normal dist, they range from roughly -3 to +3
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What is a T-Score? Formula?
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transformation of a z-score in which the mean is 50 and the SD is 10. formula. T = 10(Z) + 50
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Standard normal dist?
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A normal dist that has been standardized to allow comparisons. The mean is now 0, and the SD 1
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Other non-normal dist?
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negatively skewed, positively skewed (in each, the side matches the lower side... positive lower to the right, negative lower to the left)
Bimodal -- two humps Platykuri -- flat on top |
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Four different types of correlations?
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Positive (one goes up, the other goes up), negative (one goes up, the other down), curvilinear (not a linear relationship ... arousal and performance is curvilinear), and zero correlation
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When do you use a spearman r correlation, instead of the Pearson one?
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Only when the data is in the form of ranks
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What is inferential statistics/
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allows you to gernalize findings from a sample to a population, which is the larger group from which your sample as drawn
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Type I vs. type II errors?
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Type I = incorrectly reject the null
type II = fail to reject the null when it was actually wrong. |
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T-tests can only be used for?
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Two groups with continuous data (e.g., height. Can't be something that is just counted, like number of symptoms, which is discrete data... you can't have any decimals)
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Chi-sqare tests?
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analyze categorical or discrete data (in which there is no decimals, or in betweens). Tells us whether several groups are statistically different from each other, and the goodness of fit of a certain model
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ANOVA?
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Allows you to asses difference between groups on continuous variables (like a T-test), but you can do more than two groups! One-way anova tests one difference between groups (e.g., height), whereas a two way ANOVA can tests two (e.g., height and weight)
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Factorial analysis of variance?
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When the experiement had more than one IV ( manipulate lesion location and type of problem given) and then it tests the effects of those on the DV (how they dealt with the problem).
Important: factor analysis can isolate main effects (the effect of lesion, the effect of type of problem), and can identify and INTERACTION EFFECTS. |
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ANCOVA?
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Analysis of covariance. tests whether at least two groups co-vary.
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Linear regression?
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Allows you to see the relationship between two r's. Uses correlational data to make predictions based on a line of fit with the least-squares method
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Criterion reference tests?
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Measure mastery in a particular area. e.g., final exam
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Domain-referenced tests?
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Attempts to measure less-defined properities like intelligence, and need to be checked for reliability and validity
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Split-half reliability?
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Comparing an individual's perfromance on two halves of the same test (odd. vs. even question, for example). Reveals the internal consistency of the test.
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Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske: multitrait-multimethod?
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A technique to determine the validity of tests
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