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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Law of Segregation
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Two alleles for a given trait separate from each other during meiosis
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Law of Independent Assortment
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Genes for one trait separate independent of genes for other traits.
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Thomas Hunt Morgan
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Took Mendell's work and made major contributions to genetics (gene linkage)
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Gene Linkage
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Genes on the same chromosome. The closer they are on the chromosome the less likely crossing over can split them.
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Pedigrees
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Family trees that enable us to study the inheritance of a particular trait across many generations. Genetic traits can either be transmitted on autosomal chromosomes or on sex chromosomes (x-linked)
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Incomplete Dominance
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When a single dominant allele cannot by itself produce the full phenotype. We see it expressed as blending, but it has nothing to do with blending on a molecular level (petal color)
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Codominance
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Different alleles for a trait each code for enough protein so that when they occur together two different proteins are made and show up in the phenotype (blood types)
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Nucleoid Region
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Area of tightly packed DNA with no nuclear membrane (bacteria).
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Plasmids
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Small loops of double-stranded DNA within the bacterial cell but not part of the single, larger chromosome
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Transformation
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When bacteria pick up free-floating DNA
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Conjugation
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Occurs between bacterial cells through cytoplasmic extensions that allow plasmids to move between cells. Cells can transfer copies of plasmids and keep originals. Lead to antibiotic resistant bacteria.
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Transduction
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Process by which viruses infect certain bacterial cells, transferring bacterial genes from their last infectious cycle to the newly infected cell
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Operon
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A functional unit of gene expression composed of several related genes, an operator, and a promoter. How bacteria turn on/off certain genes
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Promoter Sequence
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Region on DNA immediately prior to gene that RNA polymerase attaches to
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Repressor Protein
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A protein that can bind to the operator sequence in a way that RNA polymerase cannot move along the DNA. Coded for by regulatory genes further up the sequence
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Inducible Enzymes
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Enzymes that can be turned on by the presence of a particular substance. The absence of a molecule causes structural genes to be turned off (lactose for the lac operon)
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Repressible Enzymes
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Repressor proteins attach to the operator sequence only when a certain compound is absent in the environment. The presence of a molecule causes structural genes to be turned off
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