Graphics 310 Exam

Front 1

OCR

Back 1

Optical Character Recognition

Front 2

Vector

Back 2

Mathematical Curve

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Raster

Back 3

Bitmap/Points

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Line Art (bit)

Back 4

1 bit

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Halftone (bit)

Back 5

1 bit

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Grey 256 (bit)

Back 6

8 bit (2^8=256)

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Color (bit)

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8 bit (2^24=16.7 million colors)

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Halftone is an...

Back 8

Illusion!! of Various tints (0-100)...it's ON/OFF...There is or isn't ink...

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Photoshop is Vector or Raster?
Illustrator is " or "?

Back 9

Photoshop: Raster
Illustrator: Vector (Vectorcity)

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Resolutions:
Input
Halftone
Output

Back 10

ppi
lpi
dpi

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Raster Files are significantly larger due to each PIXEL compared to a vector file with POINTS.

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Resample big to small, NEVER small to big!

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Level of detail of a raster image is determined by:

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input resolution.

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Enlargement after scanning..

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decreases resolution

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Reduction after scanning...

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increases resolution

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Resolution...
Mode...
Cropping and Scanning...
Tonal Range...

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number of pixel per inch
pixel depth (amt of info)
scan only what you want
ID end points of original

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What Factors determine Raster File size?

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1. Resolution 2. Mode 3. Height/Width (not the amt of enlargement/reduction required to get those height/width)
**complexity of image doesn't matter

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Increase ____, but no _____, then size (hxw) changes

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resolution, resample

Front 18

Increase____ and ______, then file size changes (45k to 4M)

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resolution, resample

Front 19

Greyscale options in Photoshop:

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Greyscale, desaturate, Channel Mixer, Lab color

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Effective resolution:

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resolution you actually have

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Resample? Don't Resample? How to know it's done correctly

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File size stays the same, Physical hxw changes (when res increase, size decrease)

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Resampling makes up information.
What if your image is too big??

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RESAMPLE!!

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What if your image is too small?

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Reshot, Rescan, Redesign

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CMYK has the same # of colors as RGB, but CMYK is bigger file

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Illustrator sets flatness for you!

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Final Images should be ____ to _____ ppi (commercial quality). What is acceptable for GC?

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600-800ppi, for GC 400 ppi is acceptable.

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Raster: Pro 1, Cons 2

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Pro: Fast/Easy
Con:Large file/Res Dependent on input

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Vector: Pro 4, Con 1

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Pro: Small File size, Fast process, no quality loos with size change, res determined by output device.
Con: time to convert to vector (can be pro)

Front 28

Flatness should be set to ____ w/o decreasing ____

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highest #, quality. Increase flatness, less calculations.

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TIFF/EPS

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Print

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Where are GIF/JPEG used? What do they stand for?

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Web display
GIF: Graphics Interchangeable Format
JPEG: Joint Photographic Expert Group

Front 31

What is DreamWeaver?

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posting web site program, requires little HTML knowledge.

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QuarkXPress, InDesign are:

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Layout programs. TIFF and EPS accepted.

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FreehandMX and Illustrator are:

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Illustration/Design programs

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Image Capture:

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Epson Perfection flatbed color scanners are used in 310, OCR!!

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Quiet Imposing Plus, Kodak Prinergy, Creo Virtual Proofing

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Acrobat plug in: imposing and proofing.

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Flatness is found by...

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Output (dpi)/ Target Res

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Large flatness on a circle could make it appear to be (shape).

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a polygon. Understand why! Flatness determines how well a curve is output. Too low a number causes the RIP to take too much processing time. Too high a number produces poor a curve (ie: the polygon). FIND THE COZY IN BETWEEN PLACE BASED ON YOUR TARGET OUTPUT DEVICE.

Front 38

Are straight lines affected by flatness values?

Back 38

no

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Illustrator sets your flatness for you, but bases it on your desired...

Back 39

output (see attributes dialog box)

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Halftone w/o screening:

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posterization

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Continuous tone:

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white, grey, and black areas (aka high, mid, low lights)

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White:
Grey:
Black:

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Highlights 0-.15
Midtones anything in between
Shadows: 1.6-2.2

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Flat/Muddy:

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Dark highlights, Light shadows. Flat curve, little contrast.

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Dot pattern variables (3):

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LPI, dot shape, angle

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input should be __ x the output

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2

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CMYK

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Y-0, C-15, M-45, K-75

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course material means less _____

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dot gain. Glossy material will be more dot gain, but better quality. More dense.

Front 48

To get best original: (2 things)

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Good neutral end points, Max details/tonal range

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Optimizing Halftone: Key word:

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Printable

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Goal of optimizing halftone:

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smallest printable dot in highlight, largest printable dot in the shadow, best detail in between

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12 step greyscale:

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set density values-math determiniaton to determine exposures. 12 STEPS ARE NOT ALWAYS ENOUGH

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slug:

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area for notes outside page

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Grain direction: perpendicular to cylinders on

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Duplicators. Parallel for a press.

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Halftone Reproduction is a______of the original.

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compromise of the original.

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Tonal Range:

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DMax-DMin: 1.8-2.2 Goal of 1.6

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Reasons for making Duotones instead of a halftone:

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Extend Tonal Range, Max Detail, Add Emphasis or mood.

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Subtle:

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Color out of highlights, Colorful all color to highlights

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Coated paper problem:

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Set off

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Duplicators are smaller than presses. Less rollers. Presses more control of settings. Bigger sheet size (+11x17)

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We use Heidleberg GTO

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5 Sections of a Press:
Fred Ran In With his Pants Down

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1. Feed 2. Registration Table 3. Ink/Water 4. Print Unit 5. Delivery

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Types of Feeding systems:

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successive/Stream. We've done successive so far.

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Grain Tests:

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Tear, Water, Fold or is it on the box??

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Feed Table Control these adjustments: (4)

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Pile location, Pile height, air, vacuum

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Pile Loction should be:

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slightly off-center toward guide side. Guiding is pushing paper over.

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Pile Height:

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Higher for thicker, lower for thinner

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Air/Vacuum

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Min to seperate sheets/ min vacumm to consistantly pick.

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Below the sucker tubs are...

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air tubes. Expose holes everywhere there is paper.

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Do all duplicators have registration tables?

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no, Registration tables are there to jog the paper

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Registration adjustments:(3)

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Double Sheet Detector, Side Guide-push/pull, Headstops

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Double Sheet Detector:

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Mechanical: pressure between cams, Photoelectic: sense change in opacity.
GTO is mechanical.

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Side Guide:

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ensures each sheet enters in the same position. Side guide is key, closest to operator on 1st PRINT!

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3, it's the magic number, yea it is...it's the magic number...form the past and the present and the future, from faith and open charity, from the brain and the body, you'll get 3....

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2 out of 5 headstops on GTO

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Headstop:

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moves further inot the press/moves out toward the registration table.

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Ink and Water:

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Seperate: GTO, Intergrated: AB DIck, Rollers: soft and hard to work ink, oscillate to even out ink

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ROLLERS!

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Fountain, Ductor, Distribution, Form.

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Main rollers (3) in order

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Impression, Blanket, Plate. SEE SLIDES

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7 Things to Check (in order):

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1. Straight Image to LEAD edge?
2. Print in same place right/left?
3. Print in same place up/down?
4. Print in right place right/left?
5. Print in right place up/down?
6. Correct Impression
7. Ink/Water balance