Grammar Dictionary 2 Formations

Front 1

amari

Back 1

conj <w>
[N] no amari
[Vinf] amari

Front 2

~ba ~hodo

Back 2

str
[V1cond] [V2inf nonpast] hodo (V1=V2)
[adj(i)1cond] [adj(i)2inf nonpast] hodo (adj(i)1=adj(i)2)
adj(na)stem1 dearebaaru/nara adj(na)stem2 na hodo
(adj(na)1=adj(na)2)

Front 3

bakari ka ~(sae)

Back 3

comp prt/conj
[V/adj(i)]inf bakari ka
[adj(na)stem] (na/datta) bakari ka
[N/N datta] bakari ka

Front 4

bekida

Back 4

aux
[Vinf nonpast] bekida

Front 5

bun

Back 5

suf
[Number + Counter] bun (no N)
[N] bun

Front 6

daga

Back 6

conj <w>
[S1inf] daga [S2inf]

Front 7

dakara to itte

Back 7

conj
[S1] (S2...) dakara to itte [Sn]
(Sn often ends with wakedewanai or towakagiranai)

Front 8

dake de

Back 8

phr
[Vinf] dake de

Front 9

darake

Back 9

suf
[N1] darake no [N2]
[N1] wa [N2] darake da

Front 10

dearou

Back 10

aux <w>
[Sinf] dearou
(exceptions [adj(na)stem/N] dearou)

Front 11

dearu

Back 11

cop <w>
[N] dearu

Front 12

dokoroka

Back 12

conj
[Vinf/adj(i)]inf nonpast dokoroka
[adj(na)stem(na)/N] dokoroka

Front 13

doumo

Back 13

adv
doumo ~[V/adj(i/na)]neg
doumo ~[V/adj(i)]inf (rashii/youda)
doumo ~[adj(na)stem] (rashii/youda) or
doumo ~[adj(na)stem] datta (rashii/na youda)

Front 14

donnani ~ (koto)ka

Back 14

str
donnani ~(koto)ka
donnani~ka Predicate

Front 15

fuu ni

Back 15

phr
[N/konna/sonna/anna/donna] fuu ni
[Sinf] to iu fuu ni

Front 16

gachi

Back 16

suf
[Vmasu] gachi da
[N] gachi da

Front 17

gatai

Back 17

aux adj(i) <w>
[Vmasu] gatai

Front 18

hodo

Back 18

prt
[V/adj(i)]inf nonpast hodo
[adj(na)stem] (na/de aru) hodo
Relative clause + N hodo

Front 19

igai

Back 19

n
[N] igai (no N)
[Sinf] igai

Front 20

ijo(wa)

Back 20

conj
[Vinf] ijo(wa)
[N] de aru ijo wa

Front 21

ippou de(wa) ~tahou de (wa)~

Back 21

str
[N] wa ippou dewa S1 Conj, tahou de (wa) S2

Front 22

jou

Back 22

suf
[N] jou

Front 23

kagiri(1)

Back 23

conj
[Vinf] kagiri
[N] de (aru/nai) kagiri

Front 24

kagiri(2)

Back 24

suf
[N of time] kagiri
[Number + Counter] kagiri

Front 25

~ka ~ ka

Back 25

str
[V1/adj(i)1]inf ka [V2/adj(i)2]inf ka
[adj(na)stem1/N1] (*/datta) ka
[adj(na)stem2/N2] (*/datta)
[adj(na)stem1/N1] (*/datta) ka
[adj(na)stem2/N2]neg ka
(adj(na)1=adj(na)2) (N1=N2)

Front 26

kana

Back 26

prt <s>
[V/Vvol]inf kana
[adj(i)]inf kana
[adj(na)stem/N] (*/datta) kana
[WH-word] (*/datta) kana

Front 27

kanarazushimo

Back 27

adv
kanarazushimo [Vinf/adj(i)] towa (kagira/ie/omowa)
kanarazushimo [Vinf/adj(i)]neg
kanarazushimo
[adj(na)stem/N] da towa (kagira/ie/omowa) nai

Front 28

kaneru

Back 28

aux v gr2
[Vmasu] kaneru/kanenai

Front 29

~kara ~ ni kakete

Back 29

str
[N] kara [N] nikakete

Front 30

kara to itte

Back 30

conj
[Sinf] kara to itte

Front 31

karou

Back 31

aux <w>
[adj(i)stem] karou
[adj(i)stem ku (wa)]na karou
[adj(na)stem/N] dewa na karou

Front 32

kata o suru

Back 32

phr
(adj(i)inf + (noun no) + Vmasu kata o suru
adj(na)stem na + (noun no) + Vmasu kata o suru
Vinf + (noun no) + Vmasu kata o suru
[N] no you na + (noun no) + Vmasu kata o suru
Vinf you na + (noun no) + Vmasu kata o suru

Front 33

ka to iu to

Back 33

conj
~ [V/adj(i)]inf ka to iu to, Sentence
~ {adj(na)stem/N] (*/datta) ka to iu to Sentence

Front 34

(no) kawari ni

Back 34

conj/comp prt
[V/adj(i)]inf kawari ni
[adj(na)stem] (na/datta) kawari ni
[N] (no/datta) kawari ni

Front 35

kekka

Back 35

n
[N]no kekka
[Vinf past] kekka

Front 36

kono

Back 36

dem adj
kono [N]
kono [Number + Counter]

Front 37

kou shita

Back 37

dem adj
kou shita [N]

Front 38

koso

Back 38

prt
[N](prt) koso
[Vte] koso
[Sinf] kara koso

Front 39

koto

Back 39

aux n <w>
[Vinf nonpast]aff/neg koto
[VN] no koto

Front 40

koto de

Back 40

comp prt
means: [Vinf nonpast] koto de
cause: [Sinf] koto de
exceptions: [adj(na)stem]na koto de
N de aru koto de

Front 41

koto ni naru

Back 41

phr
[Vinf nonpast] koto ni naru
[adj(i)inf nonpast] koto ni naru
[adj(na)stem]na koto ni naru
[N] to iu koto ni naru
[Sinf] koto ni naru
[Sinf] to iu koto ni naru

Front 42

koto ni yoru

Back 42

phr <w>
[Sinf] koto ni yoru
exceptions: [adj(na)stem]na koto ni yoru
[N] de aru koto ni yoru

Front 43

koto wa nai

Back 43

phr
[Vinf nonpast]aff koto wa nai

Front 44

kurai

Back 44

prt
[Sinf] kurai
[N] kurai

Front 45

kuse ni

Back 45

conj
[N] no kuse ni
[V/adj(i)]inf kuse ni
[adj(na)stem (na/datta) kuse ni

Front 46

made mo nai

Back 46

phr
[Vinf nonpast] made mo nai

Front 47

mai

Back 47

aux <w>
[Vinf nonpast] mai
[adj(i)stem]ku wa aru mai
[adj(na)stem/N] dewa aru mai

Front 48

masaka

Back 48

adv
masaka S. towa (omowanakatta/
kangaetemominakatta)
masaka S. (n jya/no dewa) nai darou ne
masaka S wazuganai
masaka S mai

Front 49

mata wa

Back 49

conj <w>
[N] (ka), mata wa[N]
[Sinf] ka, mata wa[Sinf]

Front 50

Me

Back 50

suf
[Number + Counter] Me

Front 51

men

Back 51

suf
[N] men

Front 52

miseru

Back 52

aux v gr2
[Vte] miseru

Front 53

mo

Back 53

prt
[Vmasu] mosuru/moshinai
[adj(i)stem]ku mo aru/ku mo nai
[adj(na)stem/N] de mo aru/de mo nai

Front 54

~mo ~ ba

Back 54

str
[number + counter] mo [Vcond]

Front 55

naa

Back 55

prt <s>
[Sinf] naa
[Sinf] ka naa
[Vneg inf] ka naa

Front 56

nado to

Back 56

comp prt
[V/adj(i)]inf nado to
[adj(na)stem/N] (da/datta) nado to

Front 57

nagara(mo)

Back 57

conj <w>
[Vmasu/Vte i] nagara(mo)
[adj(i)inf] nagara(mo)
[adj(na)stem/N] nagara(mo)

Front 58

nai koto mo/wa nai

Back 58

phr
[V/adj(i/na)/Cop]neg nai koto (mo/wa) nai

Front 59

nakanaka

Back 59

adv
nakanaka [adj(i/na)aff
nakanaka[Vaff]
nakanaka[Vneg]
nakanaka[adv]
nakanaka(no)[N]

Front 60

naku

Back 60

inflectional ending <w>
[adj(i)stem]ku naku
[adj(na)stem/N] dewa naku

Front 61

naranai

Back 61

phr <w>
[adj(i/na)te] naranai
[Vte] naranai

Front 62

~nari ~ nari

Back 62

str
[N1] nari [N2] nari (ga/o)
[N1 prt] nari [N2 prt] nari (where prt=other than ga or o)
[N1] nari [N2] nari [prt] (prt=ni/e/to/de/kara)
[Vinf nonpast] nari (vinf nonpast nari)

Front 63

nari ni

Back 63

comp prt
[N1] wa [N2] nari ni (where N1=N2)
[N1] wa [N2] nari no [N3] (where N1=N2)

Front 64

nashi de wa

Back 64

comp prt
[N] nashi de wa

Front 65

neba naranai

Back 65

phr <w>
[Vinf neg] neba naranai

Front 66

ni

Back 66

prt
[V/adj(i)]inf (deshou/darou) ni
[adj(na)stem/N] (*/datta) (deshou/darou) ni

Front 67

ni atatte/atari

Back 67

comp prt <w>
[N] ni (atatte/atari)
[Vinf nonpast] ni (atatte/atari)

Front 68

ni hanshite/hansuru

Back 68

comp prt <w>
[N] ni hanashite
[Sinf]no ni hanshite (connection rules same as noda)
[demonstrative pronoun] ni hanshite
[N] ni hansuru [N]

Front 69

ni hokanaranai

Back 69

phr <w>
(N wa) N ni hokanaranai
~nowa~kara ni hokanaranai
~wa~koto ni hokanaranai

Front 70

ni kagirazu

Back 70

comp prt
[N] ni kagirazu

Front 71

ni kagitte

Back 71

comp prt
[N] ni kagitte

Front 72

ni kanshite/kansuru

Back 72

comp prt <w>
[N] ni kanshite
[N] ni kansuru [N]

Front 73

ni kawatte

Back 73

comp prt
[N] ni kawatte

Front 74

ni kuraberu to/kurabete

Back 74

comp prt
[N] ni kuraberu to/kurabete

Front 75

nimo kakawarazu

Back 75

comp prt/conj <w>
[N] (*/nano/de aru(no)/datta(no)/de atta(no)
nimo kakawarazu
[Vinf] (no) nimo kakawarazu
[adj(i)inf] (no) nimo kakawarazu
[adj(na)stem (nano/de aru(no)/datta(no)/deatta(no)
nimo kakawarazu

Front 76

ni motozuite/motozuku

Back 76

comp prt
[N] ni motozuite
[N] ni (motozuku/motozuita) [N]

Front 77

ni naru to

Back 77

phr
[N time] ni naru to
[N non time] ni naru to

Front 78

ni oite/okeru

Back 78

comp prt <w>
[N] ni oite
[N] ni okeru [N]

Front 79

ni shitagatte/shitagai

Back 79

comp prt/conj
[Vinf nonpast] ni (shitagatte/shitagai)
[N] ni (shitagatte/shitagai)

Front 80

ni suginai

Back 80

phr <w>
[N] ni suginai
[Number + Counter] ni suginai
[Vinf] (dake) ni suginai

Front 81

ni taishite/taishi

Back 81

comp prt
[N] ni taishite
[V/adj(i)]inf no ni taishite
[adj(na)stem/N] (na/de aru/datta/de atta) no ni taishite
[N] ni (taisuru/taishite no) [N]

Front 82

ni totte

Back 82

comp prt
[N] ni totte

Front 83

ni tsuite

Back 83

comp prt
[N] ni tsuite
[Sinf] koto ni tsuite
[N1/Sinf koto] ni tsuite no [N2]

Front 84

ni tsuki

Back 84

comp prt
[Number + Counter] ni tsuki

Front 85

ni tsurete/tsure

Back 85

conj/comp prt
[Vinf nonpast] ni tsurete
[N] nitsurete

Front 86

niwa

Back 86

conj/comp prt
[Vinf nonpast] niwa
[N] niwa

Front 87

ni yotte/yori

Back 87

comp prt
[N] ni yotte
[V/adj(i)]inf ka dou ka ni (yotte/yori)
[adj(na)stem/N] (*/datta) ka dou ka ni (yotte/yori)
[embedded Wh-question] ni (yotte/yori)

Front 88

no kankei de

Back 88

phr
[N] no kankei de

Front 89

no koto

Back 89

phr
[N] no koto

Front 90

no koto da kara

Back 90

phr
[N] no koto da kara

Front 91

nomi

Back 91

prt <w>
[N] nomi (prt)
[N] (prt nomi/nomi prt)
[Vinf] nomi da

Front 92

no moto de

Back 92

comp prt <w>
[N] no moto de

Front 93

no ue de wa

Back 93

comp prt
[N] no ue de wa

Front 94

~nowa ~ no koto da

Back 94

str
[Sinf] nowa (same formation as noda) [N] no koto da

Front 95

nu

Back 95

aux <w>
[Vneg] nu (N/Aux)

Front 96

o ~ da

Back 96

phr
o [Vmasu] da
go [VN] da
o [Vmasu] no [N]
go [VN] no [N]

Front 97

o hajime(to shite)

Back 97

phr <w>
[N] o hajime(to shite)

Front 98

o~ kudasai

Back 98

phr
o [Vmasu] kudasai
go [VN] kudasai

Front 99

omowareru

Back 99

v gr2 <w>
[V/adj(i)]inf youni omowareru
[adj(na)stem] (na/datta) youni omowareru
[N] (no/datta) youni omowareru
[Sinf] to omowareru

Front 100

ori

Back 100

aux v gr1 <w>
[Vte] ori

Front 101

o toushite

Back 101

comp prt
[N] o toushite

Front 102

ppanashi

Back 102

aux
[Vmasu] ppanashi

Front 103

ppoi

Back 103

adj(i) suf
[N] ppoi
[adj(i)stem] ppoi
[adj(na)stem] ppoi
[vmasu] ppoi

Front 104

rai

Back 104

suf <w>
[N duration] rai
[N duration] rai no [N]

Front 105

rei no

Back 105

phr
rei no[N]

Front 106

rokuni ~ nai

Back 106

str
rokuni[Vneg] nai

Front 107

sa

Back 107

prt <s>
[V/adj(i)]inf sa
[adj(na)/N] (*/datta) sa
[wh word] ~ no sa
[NP] sa

Front 108

sae

Back 108

prt
[N] sae
[N] (prt) sae
[N prt] sae
[N] (prt) de sae
[Vte] sae
[Vmasu] sae suru
[adj(na)stem/N] de sae aru

Front 109

sai

Back 109

n/conj
[Vinf] sai (ni)
[N] ni sai shite
[N] no sai (ni)
(kono/sono/ano) sai

Front 110

sasuga

Back 110

adv
sasuga ni S
sasuga ni(wa) [N] da
sasuga [V/adj(i)]inf dake (atte/ni)
sasuga [N] (*/datta) dake (atte/ni)
sasuga [adj(na)] (na/datta) dake (atte/ni)
sasuga no [N] mo

Front 111

sei

Back 111

n
[N] no sei (de/ka/etc.)
[Sinf] sei (de/ka/etc.)

Front 112

semete

Back 112

adv
semete [number + counter] (gurai)~
semete [N] (gurai/(dake) demo)
semete [N prt]

Front 113

shidai

Back 113

[Vmasu] shidai
exceptions: irasshari shidai/osshari/nasari
[VN] shidai
(X wa) [N] shidai da/de

Front 114

shika mo

Back 114

conj
[V/adj/N + Cop]te shika mo
[Vmasu] shika mo
[adj(i)]ku shika mo
[S1] shika mo [S2]

Front 115

shitagatte

Back 115

conj <w>
[S1] shitagatte [S2]

Front 116

sou ka to itte

Back 116

phr/conj
A: [S1]
B: sou ka to itte [S2]
[S1] ga sou ka to itte [S2]

Front 117

soko de(1)

Back 117

conj
[S1]. soko de, [S2]

Front 118

soko de(2)

Back 118

conj
[S1], soko de [S2]
[S1]. soko de [S2]

Front 119

sou ni naru

Back 119

phr
[Vmasu] sou ni naru

Front 120

sono ue

Back 120

conj
[V/adj/N + Cop]te sono ue
[Vmasu] sono ue
[adj(i)]ku sono ue
[S] shi, sono ue
[S]. sono ue

Front 121

sore demo

Back 121

conj
[S1] (shikashi) sore demo [S2]
[S1] (ga/keredo(mo)/noni) sore demo [S2]

Front 122

sore dokoroka

Back 122

conj
[S1] sore dokoroka [S2]
A: S
B: sore dokoroka (ka/dewanai/janai) [S]

Front 123

sore mo

Back 123

conj
[AdvP1] sore mo [AdvP2] (verbal)
[AP1] sore mo [AP2] (noun)
[Clause1] sore mo [Clause2]

Front 124

sore ni

Back 124

conj
[N1] (to/ni/, ) [N2] (to/ni/, ) ...sore ni [Nn]
[S1] shi, sore ni [S2]
[S1] sore ni, [S2]

Front 125

sore to

Back 125

conj <s>
[N1] (to/ni/, ) [N2] (to/ni/, ) ...sore to, [Nn]
[S1] sore to, [S2]

Front 126

tabi ni

Back 126

conj
[Vinf nonpast] tabi ni
[N] no tabi ni
[VN] no tabi ni

Front 127

tada

Back 127

adv
tada [one + counter] (no [N])
tada no [one + counter] mo Verbal(neg)
tada [N] dake (prt)
tada [Verbal] (to iu) dake (da)

Front 128

tada no

Back 128

phr
tada no [N]

Front 129

ta tokoro de

Back 129

conj
[vinf past] tokoro de

Front 130

te

Back 130

te form
Vte [N duration]

Front 131

te hajimete

Back 131

phr
[Vte] hajimete

Front 132

ten(de)

Back 132

n
[demonstrative/quantifier] ten(de)
[N/adj(i/na)stem sa] no ten(de)
[N] no adj(i/na)stem sa to iu ten(de)
[Sinf] to iu ten(de)

Front 133

to

Back 133

prt
[V/adj(i/na)]inf to (omotte/itte) V of psychology
S (internal monologue) to (omotte)
[Vvol] to omotte/shite)
[V/adj(i/na)]inf (conjectural) to (omotte)
[N]prt[N],...[N]prt[N] (soshite) [N]prt[N] to (you/fuu) V

Front 134

to douji ni

Back 134

comp prt/conj
[N] to douji ni
[Vinf nonpast] to douji ni
[adj(na)stem/N] de aru to
douji ni [adj(na)stem/N] demo aru

Front 135

to itte mo

Back 135

phr
[N] to itte mo
[V/adj(i)/adj(na)/N + Cop]inf to itte mo

Front 136

te wa

Back 136

conj
[Vte] wa
[adj(i/na)]te wa
[N]de wa

Front 137

to iu fuu ni

Back 137

phr
[Sinf] to iu fuu ni
X wa A, Y wa B to iu fuu ni

Front 138

to iu koto wa

Back 138

phr
[Sinf] to iu koto wa

Front 139

to iu noni

Back 139

conj
[Sinf] to iu noni

Front 140

to iu no wa ~ koto da

Back 140

str
[N/adj(na)stem] to iu nowa
[VP/AP/S]inf to iu nowa
[N] no koto da
[V/adj] koto da
[VP/AP/S]inf to iu koto da

Front 141

to iu to

Back 141

phr
[N] to iu to
[Sinf] to iu to

Front 142

to iu yori (wa)

Back 142

phr
[adj(i)inf to iu yori (wa), (mushiro) adj(i/na)
[adj(na)stem] to iu yori (wa), (mushiro) adj(i/na)
[N] to iu yori (wa), (mushiro) [N]
[Vinf] to iu yori (wa), (mushiro) [V]

Front 143

toka de

Back 143

conj
[Sinf] toka de

Front 144

tokoro

Back 144

n<w>
[Vinf past] tokoro

Front 145

tokoro ga

Back 145

conj
[S1] tokoro ga, [S2]
A: [S1]
B: tokoro ga, [S2]

Front 146

tomo

Back 146

conj <w>
[wh word + Vvol] tomo
[wh word + adj(i)stem (ku/karou) tomo
[wh word + adj(na)stem dearou tomo
[adj(i)stem] ku tomo

Front 147

to naru

Back 147

phr <w>
[N] to naru

Front 148

to naru to

Back 148

phr
[N] to naru to
[Sinf] to naru to

Front 149

touri (ni)

Back 149

n
[N] no touri (ni)
[Vinf] touri (ni)
[demonstrative adj] touri (ni)

Front 150

to suru(1)

Back 150

phr
[N1] wa [N2] (da) to suru
[Sinf nonpast] to suru
[Sinf past] to suru

Front 151

to suru(2)

Back 151

phr
[sound symolism] to suru

Front 152

totan (ni)

Back 152

n/adv
[Vinf past] totan (ni)
[Vinf past] ra, totan ni

Front 153

to tomo ni

Back 153

phr <w>
[N] to tomo ni
[Vinf nonpast] to tomo ni
[N/adj(na)stem] de aru tomo ni
[adj(i)inf nonpast] to tomo ni

Front 154

to wa kagiranai

Back 154

phr
[Sinf] to wa kagiranai

Front 155

tsumari

Back 155

adv
[S1] (S2...)tsumari, [Sn]
[NP], tsumari, [N/NP]

Front 156

tsutsu

Back 156

aux/conj <w>
[Vmasu] tsutsu

Front 157

(no) ue de

Back 157

comp prt
[Vinf past] ue de
[N] no ue de

Front 158

ue(ni)

Back 158

conj
[S] ue(ni)

Front 159

uru/eru

Back 159

aux v gr2 <w>
[Vmasu] uru/eru

Front 160

wa

Back 160

prt
[Vmasu] wa (suru(ga)/shinai
[Vte] wa (iru(ga)/inai), (miru(ga)/minai
[adj(na)stem ku wa (aru(ga)/nai)
[adj(na)stem/N] de wa (aru(ga)/nai)

Front 161

wa iu made mo naku

Back 161

adv phr <w>
[N] wa iu made mo naku

Front 162

wake da

Back 162

phr
[V/adj(i)] wake da
[adj(na)stem] (na/datta) wake da
[N] (de aru/datta/(or de atta)) wake da

Front 163

wake de wa nai

Back 163

phr
[V/adj(i)]inf (to iu) wake de wa nai
[adj(na)stem(na/datta) wake de wa
[adj(na)stem]((da)/datta) to iu wake de wa nai
[N] datta wake de wa nai
[N] ((da)/datta) to iu wake de wa nai

Front 164

wake ga nai

Back 164

phr
[V/adj(i)]inf nonpast wake ga nai
[adj(na)stem]na wake ga nai
[N] de aru

Front 165

wake ni wa ikanai

Back 165

phr
[Vinf nonpast] wake ni wa ikanai
[Vinf neg nonpast]nai wake ni wa ikanai

Front 166

yaru(1)

Back 166

v gr1
[s.o] ga [s.o] o [place] ni yaru
[s.o] ga [s.o] ni [s.t] o yaru
[s.o] ga [s.t] o yaru

Front 167

yaru(2)

Back 167

aux v gr1
[Vte] yaru

Front 168

yatto

Back 168

adv
yatto [Vinf]
[Vinf nonpast] no ga yatto (da/datta)
yatto no koto de [V]

Front 169

you(1)

Back 169

suf
[Vmasu] you

Front 170

you(2)

Back 170

aux <w>
[Vvol] (V: non controllable verb)
(Noun + Prt) Vvol (V: non controllable verb)
[adj(na)stem] de arou

Front 171

yori

Back 171

adv
yori [adj]
yori [adv]

Front 172

zaru o enai

Back 172

aux <w>
[Vneg] zaru o enai

Front 173

zo

Back 173

prt <s>
[V/adj(i)]inf zo
[adj(na)/N] (da/datta) zo